五种矿质元素对草菇菌丝生长和活性氧清除能力的影响

【背景】菌种退化是草菇生产中面临的难题,探究一种简单高效的复壮方法是草菇产业亟须解决的问题。【目的】探讨外源添加5种矿质元素对草菇退化菌株的菌丝性状和活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)清除能力的影响。【方法】筛选出5种矿质元素的最佳浓度并添加于PDA培养基中,测定草菇菌落形态、菌丝生长速度、菌丝生物量、ROS含量、抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物质含量。【结果】MnSO4、Na2SeO3、CaSO4、FeSO4可有效提高草菇退化菌株D1和D2的菌丝生长速度和生物量;降低O2·-、H2O2等ROS的含量,并增加还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(glutathionedisulfide,GSSG)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、谷胱甘肽...     

Evaluation of Repellency Effect of Two Natural Aroma Mosquito Repellent Compounds,Citronella and Citronellal*

Repellent efficacies of two natural aroma compounds, citronella and citronellal, against mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pallens, were evaluated both in field and in vitro. In vitro, the experiment was conducted with three controlled bands impregnated with 30% citronella extract, 15% citronella extract and 30% citronellal extract, and with bands impregnated 30% citronella in field. Data was obtained by the means of counting numbers bitten by mosquitoes per unit time, namely human bait method. Percentage repellencies of above three controlled bands were calculated at 86%, 73%, and 78%, respectively in vitro, and 80% in field, showing high repellent effectiveness against mosquitoes. This estimation was also confirmed by t‐test compared between control group and each experimental group.     

中国拟盘梗霉分类的研究——Ⅱ.寄生在伞形科上的一个新种

本文报告在四川西部采集的寄生于繖形科植物水芹(Oenanthe javanica(B1.)DG.)和卵叶水芹(O.rosthornii Diels)上拟盘梗霉属的一个新种——水芹拟盘梗霉(Bremiellaoenantheae Tao et Y.Qin sp.nov.)。它与在捷克和罗马尼亚发现的,寄生在缴形科Berulaerecta上的Bremiella baudysii较为接近,但根据它们的孢子囊形态、大小、长宽比及萌发的方式等方面的差别,可以将它们区分开。对新种作了拉丁文及汉文描述,并附有形态图。     

Increment of hFIX expression with endogenous intron 1 in Vitro

This paper probes into the feasibility of increasing expression level of hFIX gene with endogenous intron 1 sequence.hFIX minigene was obtained with middle sequence truncated intron 1 inserted into the relative site of hFIX cDNA,and plasmid vector pKG5i‘IX,retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IX were constructed.These vectors were transduced into target cells of PA317,C2C12,primary rabbit skin fibroblasts (RSF) and primary human skin fibroblasts (HSF).The expression level of mixed colonies are PA317/pKG5i‘IX,151 ng/10^6 cells/24h;PA317/G1NaCi‘IX,308 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;C2C12/G1NaCi‘IX,186 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;RSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1929 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;HSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1646 ng/10^6 cells/24 h.These results indicated that hFIX minigene with intron l is able to increase the expression level to about 3 times of that of hFIX cDNA.Meanwhile,in order to study the application of hFIX minigene in the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system and refrain from intron splicing during viral production,a retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IXR with reversely inserted hFIX minigene expression cassette was constructed.The expression level of reverse constructor in PA317 cells was 390 ng/10^6 cells/24 h with 79% of bioactivity.PCR detection of HT/G1NaCi‘IXR cells infected with PA317/G1NaCi‘IXR supernatant confirmed the existence of intron 1 sequence.These results suggested that expression vector with forward-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette can be used in directed gene transfer,but when using the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system,reversely-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette should be considered.     

Effects of Cricket Extract on Lipid Metabolism and Body Fat Content in High- Fat Diet Fed Rats

The effect of cricket extract on high‐fat diet fed rat was observed. It was shown that cricket extract prevented the increment of body weight by high‐fat diet. The extract also decreased the value of AST in liver. The most significant effect of the extract was shown on lipid metabolism. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in liver and feces were reduced by the extract on dose‐dependent. These statistically significant results were clear in 3% extract treated group (HFD3) while were slight in 1% extract treated group (HFD1). The same result was also shown in body fat content.     

少花蒺藜草入侵对根际土壤磷细菌群落多样性的影响

[目的]入侵植物少花蒺藜草在磷元素受限的贫瘠沙质土壤中能够快速生长和种群扩张,形成单一优势群落。本文解析了少花蒺藜草在磷胁迫条件下对磷素的高效利用机制,以期为揭示其入侵机理提供理论依据。[方法]设置少花蒺藜草、冰草、狗尾草和空白对照4个处理,通过高通量测序技术,从土壤解磷微生物的角度分析各处理间土壤中解磷细菌的组成差异。[结果]少花蒺藜草入侵显著提高了土壤磷酸酶的活性和土壤解磷菌的群落多样性。PCA与UPGMA聚类结果表明,少花蒺藜草与狗尾草根际磷细菌物种组成相似性最大。LEfSe多级物种差异判别分析结果表明,少花蒺藜草根际显著富集且与其他处理有显著性差异的解磷菌类群为α-变形菌、链霉菌,其在少花蒺藜草对磷的吸收中可能起较为重要的作用。变形菌门、浮霉菌门和放线菌门与少花蒺藜草根际土壤中的全磷含量呈显著正相关,放线菌门与少花蒺藜草根际土速效磷含量有紧密联系。[结论]少花蒺藜草通过改变入侵地根际土壤的解磷菌群落结构间接影响根际土壤的磷素环境,从而利于自身生长。     

凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）10种植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了10种凤仙花属（Impatiens L.）植物的花粉形态。结果表明：本属花粉为单粒花粉,呈长圆形至长矩圆形,大小为20.3～46.7 μm,具角萌发孔,网状纹饰,网眼明显;根据花粉网状纹饰中网眼内是否具颗粒状突起可将其分为2类：（1）网眼内无或近无颗粒状突起,黄金凤（I. siculifer）和婺源凤仙花（I. wuyuanensis）的花粉纹饰属于这一类型;（2）网眼内有明显颗粒状突起,其余8个种的花粉纹饰均属于该类型。研究表明,花粉特征,特别是花粉粒网状纹饰中网眼内有无颗粒状突起及颗粒状突起的形态等特征,在凤仙花属内常具种水平上的可见变异,因而可作为种类划分的依据,它们在分类学上的价值应予以关注。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的临床研究

目的:通过对早期乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的研究,探讨其远期疗效及瘤床加量照射和放化疗顺序等问题。方法:84例早期乳腺癌患者行保乳手术,术后行三维适形放疗,50Gy/25次,1次/天,5次/周,瘤床局部加量10～16Gy/5～8次。化疗采用蒽环类为主的方案,65例肿瘤直径>1cm者先化疗3个周期后放疗,然后再化疗1～3周期,13例肿瘤直径≤1cm者在术后3～6周放疗,然后化疗4～6个周期。ER/PR阳性者均行内分泌治疗。结果:全组病人5年生存率100%,5年无瘤生存率91.4%。3例乳腺局部复发,3例分别出现肺、肝和骨转移,其中2例死于肿瘤转移。总复发率7.1%。瘤床加量组局部复发率低于未加量组(P=0.04)。放化疗顺序对肿瘤复发率无影响(P=0.15)。美容效果优良率94%,一般者3.6%,差者2.4%。结论:放射治疗是早期乳腺癌保乳治疗的重要组成部分,瘤床加量照射可降低局部复发率。放化疗顺序对于局部复发率影响不大。     

梓树苗木地下和地上竞争的效应研究

采用生物量计算的竞争指数和通径分析的方法,研究了3种密度的梓树苗木地下竞争和地上竞争的关系及对总竞争的影响。结果显示,梓树苗木地下生物量、地上生物量和总生物量与密度密切相关,随着密度的增加,其根、茎、叶的生物量减少,根冠比均小于1。在同一密度条件下,地上竞争指数明显大于地下竞争指数,地上竞争对总竞争的直接作用范围(0.449 3～0.973 1)明显大于地下竞争对总竞争的直接作用(0.275 6～0.773 2)。研究表明,梓树幼苗地上茎、叶的竞争在梓树苗木总的竞争中占有重要地位。     

黄连-黄芩药对化学成分的UPLC-PDA-MS分析

本文建立了黄连-黄芩药对化学成分的UPLC-PDA-MS分析方法。实验采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱,流动相为0.05%甲酸水和甲醇梯度洗脱;检测波长280 nm;MS一级全扫描模式。综合分析标准品及不同样品的色谱峰保留时间、紫外光谱及MS一级全扫描质谱图,归属了黄连-黄芩提取液中的12个主要色谱峰,鉴别出8种成分,推断出2种成分,同时对鉴别出的8种成分进行了定量,被测成分在线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系(r≥0.9991),精密度、重复性的RSD均小于5.0%,加样回收率基本在95%～105%内。本方法快捷、准确,重复性好,能同时测定8个主要化学成分,可较全面地控制黄连-黄芩药对化学成分的含量。