Multiplex genotyping of novel microsatellites from silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and cross‐amplification in other pomfret species

Eleven polymorphic microsatellites were isolated from an important foodfish species, silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). The loci showed different variation patterns in 24 unrelated P. argenteus individuals, with a mean number of alleles of 11.5 and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.85. Eight of the 11 loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. All and six of the 11 markers amplified specific and polymorphic products in Chinese pomfret (Pampus sinesis) and dark pomfret (Pamus cinereus), respectively. These markers should be useful for population genetic analysis and biodiversity studies of P. argenteus and other pomfret species.     

CO2浓度倍增和UV-B辐射增强对冬季大棚番茄生长、果实品质和产量的影响

在CO₂浓度倍增(700μmol·mol^-1)条件下,对补充5个不同低剂量的UV-B辐射对大棚番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、干重、鲜重,果实的紫外吸收物、可溶性糖、有机酸、Vc、番茄红素等含量,以及果实产量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,CO₂倍增能够明显促进番茄幼苗的生长,提高了番茄果实的紫外吸收物、可溶性糖、有机酸、Vc、番茄红素等含量以及果实的产量。在CO₂倍增条件下,补充低剂量UV-B辐射可以进一步促进番茄幼苗的生长,提高番茄果实的紫外吸收物、可溶性糖、有机酸、Vc、番茄红素等含量,说明在CO₂倍增的条件下低剂量UV-B辐射对番茄的生长有促进效应,但对果实的产量影响不大。当UV-B的辐射剂量为1.163kJ·m^-2时,这种促进效应最明显,超过这一剂量时,UV-B辐射对番茄的促进效应开始减弱。     

真菌孢子三种计数方法相关性的探讨

以对数期生长旺盛的黑曲霉、白地霉和康宁木霉孢子为试验材料,分别用血球计数法、比浊法和平板菌落计数法进行计数,用所测得的孢子数分别与其对应的OD值建立回归方程,方程分别为y=2.193×10-2 8.714×10-8x、y=6.472×10-2 7.251×10-8x和y=5.571×10-2 7.163×10-8x。3种真菌孢子计数方法所测得的孢子数与其对应OD值均有极显著的直线回归关系(P<0.01),计数真菌孢子时用比浊法测得OD值带入方程便可快速准确地得出孢子数目。因此,可用比浊法替代血球计数法和平板菌落计数法,作为实验室计数真菌孢子的首选方法。     

丛生丝孢酵母菌的生物学特性观察

探讨了丛生丝孢酵母菌的生物学鉴定特性。采用真菌培养法观察丛生丝孢酵母菌的培养特性、同化试验;耐受试验测定对放线菌酮的耐受性;体外双相形态转换试验确定霉菌相及酵母相;微量稀释法进行抗真菌药物敏感试验;温度耐受性试验、干燥试验、紫外线照射试验测定其抵抗力;小鼠腹腔接种法观察其侵袭力。本菌为双相型真菌,经分离培养该菌呈现真菌所特有的菌落特征,在沙氏肉汤中呈菌膜和沉淀生长;玉米粉琼脂小培养,在镜下可见到大小不等圆形和卵圆形孢子。对10种糖类同化试验阳性,不分解尿素,还原硝酸盐。对氟康唑等4种抗真菌药均敏感;对温度、干燥、紫外线有一定耐受力;侵袭力较弱,组织内酵母相呈细胞内感染。结论观察丛生丝孢酵母菌的生物学鉴定特性,对丛生丝孢酵母菌的实验室鉴定奠定基础和临床诊断提供依据。     

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for ABA Sensitivity at Seed Germination and Seedling Stages in Rice

Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the important plant hormones, which plays a critical role in seed development and adaptation to abiotic stresses. The sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to exogenous ABA at seed germination and seedling stages was investigated in the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between irrigated rice Zhenshan 97 and upland rice IRAT109, using relative germination vigor (RGV), relative germination rate (RGR) and leaf rolling scores of spraying (LRS) or culturing (LRC) with ABA as sensitivity indexes. The phenotypic correlation analysis revealed that only RGV at germination stage was positively correlated to ABA sensitivity at seedling stage. QTL detection using composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed linear model was conducted to dissect the genetic basis of ABA sensitivity, and the single-locus QTLS detected by both methods are in good agreement with each other. Five single QTLs and six pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for ABA sensitivity at germination stage. Eight single QTLs and five pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for ABA sensitivity at seedling stage. Two QTLs were common between LRS and LRC; and one common QTL was detected for RGV, LRS and LRC simultaneously. These results indicated that both single and epistatic loci were involved in the ABA sensitivity in rice, and the genetic basis of ABA sensitivity at seed germination and seedling stage was largely different.     

几种变温脊椎动物的血细胞比较

脊椎动物血细胞在体内执行着气体运输、机体免疫和凝血等重要的生理功能。目前关于变温脊椎动物血细胞的研究多集中于形态分类和亚显微结构方面(Savage,1983;冯怀亮等,1991),其形态变化和生理功能的比较研究报道较少(Pica et al.,1990;Pellizzon et al.,2002),对于小淋巴细胞参     

自然界中处于VBNC状态微生物的研究进展

自然界中大约有90％以上的微生物尚未被分离鉴定。80年代初提出VBNC状态微生物的存在,所谓的VBNC是指微生物在自然界中生存的一种状态,本综述了在实验室条件下VBNC状态的形成条件、培养性的恢复及处于VBNC状态微生物的检测方法等方面的研究进展,并介绍了第一个微生物生长因子Rpf.     

不同冷冻保护剂对早期卵裂期小鼠胚胎冷冻后成活率和发育的影响

为了评价利用不同冷冻保护剂冷冻早期卵裂期胚胎的效果,用小鼠为实验动物,采用慢速冷冻、快速融解的冷冻技术,比较丙二醇、二甲基亚砜和甘油作冷冻保护剂对小鼠2-细胞、4-细胞、8-细胞胚胎冷冻后胚胎存活率和囊胚形成率的影响。发现以丙二醇和蔗糖为冷冻保护剂冷冻4-细胞、8-细胞胚胎,解冻后胚胎成活率和囊胚形成率显著高于以二甲基亚砜或甘油为冷冻保护剂。结果表明,丙二醇是一种冷冻早期卵裂期小鼠胚胎有效的冷冻保护剂。     

三种小型猪线粒体DNA控制区的比较研究

目的分析五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪线粒体DNA控制区碱基序列,比较研究不同猪种的遗传标志。方法应用PCR技术分别对这三种小型猪的血液总DNA样品中线粒体DNA D-loop区进行扩增,测序比对。结果猪的线粒体DNA D-loop区分三个区域。I区（靠近5’端区域）704bp,五指山小型猪在此区共有6个变异位点,通过6个变异位点中归纳出3个单倍体,而巴马小型猪在此区有9个变异位点,通过9个变异位点归纳出4个单倍体,贵州香猪在此区共有6个变异位点,通过6个变异位点归纳出3个单倍体。Ⅱ区（串联重复序列区）,五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪序列相同。Ⅲ区（靠近3’端区域）三种小型猪的序列几乎相同。结论五指山小型猪、巴马小型猪和贵州香猪三种小型猪之间线粒体DNA碱基序列变异位点较少,五指山小型猪和巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近。