外源钙对甘肃贝母倒苗特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响

对甘肃贝母(Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim.)鳞茎播种后2年生苗喷施不同浓度CaCl_2溶液(5、10、15、20和25mmol·L~(-1)),以喷施等量蒸馏水为对照(CK),通过测定倒苗率变化和倒苗期地下部分生理特性,探讨外源钙对甘肃贝母倒苗特性的影响。结果显示:(1)外源CaCl_2处理均可推迟甘肃贝母倒苗高峰期,有效延长甘肃贝母生长期,从而提高鳞茎产量;各CaCl_2浓度处理的倒苗延迟效应基本表现为15 mmol·L~(-1)20 mmol·L~(-1)25mmol·L~(-1)10mmol·L~(-1)5mmol·L~(-1)CK。(2)不同CaCl_2溶液喷施后倒苗期较CK推迟效应显著,比CK倒苗高峰期推迟3~7d,并推迟3~6d结束倒苗高峰,其中以喷施15mmol·L~(-1) CaCl_2处理的倒苗延迟效应最佳。(3)10~25mmol·L~(-1) CaCl_2处理均可有效增强甘肃贝母倒苗期根系活力和鳞茎的抗氧化能力,其中以15mmol·L~(-1) CaCl_2处理的倒苗期根系TTC活力最高,鳞茎SOD、POD和CAT活性最强。(4)隶属函数法综合分析结果显示,不同浓度CaCl_2处理下甘肃贝母倒苗期鳞茎抗性及生活力由强至弱依次为15mmol·L~(-1)20mmol·L~(-1)25mmol·L~(-1)10mmol·L~(-1)5mmol·L~(-1)CK。研究表明,15mmol·L~(-1) CaCl_2为甘肃贝母延迟倒苗期、增强苗期鳞茎抗逆性、提高鳞茎产量的最佳处理。     

Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant

Aquatic plant invasions are often associated with long‐distance dispersal of vegetative propagules and prolific clonal reproduction. These reproductive features combined with genetic bottlenecks have the potential to severely limit genetic diversity in invasive populations. To investigate this question we conducted a global scale population genetic survey using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers of the world’s most successful aquatic plant invader –Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). We sampled 1140 ramets from 54 populations from the native (South America) and introduced range (Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, Central America and the Caribbean). Although we detected 49 clones, introduced populations exhibited very low genetic diversity and little differentiation compared with those from the native range, and ～80% of introduced populations were composed of a single clone. A widespread clone (‘W’) detected in two Peruvian populations accounted for 70.9% of the individuals sampled and dominated in 74.5% of the introduced populations. However, samples from Bangladesh and Indonesia were composed of different genotypes, implicating multiple introductions to the introduced range. Nine of 47 introduced populations contained clonal diversity suggesting that sexual recruitment occurs in some invasive sites where environmental conditions favour seedling establishment. The global patterns of genetic diversity in E. crassipes likely result from severe genetic bottlenecks during colonization and prolific clonal propagation. The prevalence of the ‘W’ genotype throughout the invasive range may be explained by stochastic sampling, or possibly because of pre‐adaptation of the ‘W’ genotype to tolerate low temperatures.     

昏迷患者压疮发生原因、预防及治疗护理对策探讨

目的:探讨昏迷患者压疮发生的原因,预防及治疗护理的措施.方法:回顾性总结38例昏迷患者压疮的临床资料并加以分析.结果:昏迷患者是压疮发生的高危人群之一,昏迷患者压疮防治护理技术十分复杂.结论:压迫时间过长致局部供血不足是昏迷患者压疮形成的诸多因素中最主要因素,不同时期压疮的治疗护理既有相同处,又各有侧重点,周密的护理可以预防压疮的发生.     

传染病流行中的超级传播者

超级传播者(super spreaders)是在短时期内感染10人以上的传染病患者,受感染的多为患者的家属、医务工作者或其他密切接触者。大多数传染病暴发流行中都存在超级传播者,他们能特别高效地将病原传染给其他未曾暴露的个体并使其建立感染。因此,早期发现、及时诊断和严格管理超级传播者对于传染病的防控非常重要。本文就认识超级传播者的重要性、超级传播者的形成及对其的鉴定和干预作简要综述。     

特种稻种质资源研究进展与展望

我国从20世纪80年代开始广泛关注特种稻种质资源研究.至今以丰富的特种稻种质资源为基础,积极开展特种稻特殊性状遗传分析的同时,将常规育种与生物技术相结合,创新黑米、红米、软米、巨胚米、甜米等一系列特种稻新种质,并在水稻育种和生产上提供应用,为增加稻农收入做出了积极贡献.广泛开展特种稻资源的特殊性状鉴定和评价,筛选具有独特特性的优异种质资源,并进行基因型检测与遗传多样性分析和核心种质构建;将多个特殊性状相聚合,创新赖氨酸、微量元素、维生素等含量较高,黄酮、花青3-葡萄糖苷、生物碱等生理活性物质含量较高的水稻种质是今后我国特种稻资源研究的重要内容.     

霸王和木本猪毛菜在遮风和不遮风环境下的表型特征差异

植物的表型特征是对环境适应的结果。霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)和木本猪毛菜(Salsola arbuscula)是新疆达坂城大风区的主要植物,也是该区植被恢复潜在的先锋植物。在达坂城柴窝堡,通过野外盆栽实验,对霸王和木本猪毛菜持续吹风和遮风处理90 d,定量分析这两种植物在遮风和不遮风环境下其地上部分的生长和空间构型差异。结果表明:(1)与遮风下的相比,自然大风中的霸王和木本猪毛菜其株高、叶长度、单叶面积、单株叶面积均减小,顺风向基径均增大,尤其是霸王,其株高减小了一半多。木本猪毛菜的叶片数量增多,叶宽增大,霸王的叶片数量减少、叶宽度、叶柄长度、叶柄直径均减小;(2)遮风下的木本猪毛菜其植冠在四个方向均匀生长,而自然大风中的植冠空间构型在迎风面和背风面出现明显的不对称,一级分枝数增多,主茎弯曲角度、枝倾角、叶倾角均减小。霸王没有出现一级分枝,主茎弯曲角度减小,叶倾角增大。可见,霸王主要通过减小地上部分各器官来响应大风环境,而木本猪毛菜除减小各器官之外,还减小各器官之间的角度,形成更紧凑的构型,以此适应大风环境。     

食管鳞癌组织中的神经纤维分布

目的:探讨食管鳞癌组织中神经纤维的分布情况.方法:应用免疫组化ABC法,探查手术切除的食管鳞癌组织里S100及GAP-43阳性神经纤维的分布情况,并分析其与患者临床病理参数的关系.结果:相对于正常组织,食管鳞癌组织中存在相当数量的S100及GAP-43阳性神经纤维(束)不规则地分布于肿瘤细胞之间,且S100阳性纤维密度大于GAP-43阳性纤维密度;统计分析显示肿瘤组织中纤维密度与患者的肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移相关.结论:食管鳞癌组织中确实存在神经纤维分布,并对肿瘤发展起一定作用.     

蚜科一新属一新种记述：同翅目：蚜总科

本文记述中国蚜虫1新属——丁化长管蚜属Chitinosiphum,模式种为丁化长管蚜C.abdomenigrum,sp.nov.,其寄主为瑞苓草Saussurea nigrescens Maxim,产地为中国陕西。     

Cloning, expression and characterization of human tissue-specific DNA polymerase λ2

DNA polymerase (POL) λ plays an important role during DNA repair and DNA nonhomologous recombination processes. A novel POL λ variant was cloned from a human liver cDNA library and named POL λ2 (GenBank Accession No. AY302442). POL λ2 has 2206 base pairs in length with an open reading frame of 1452 base pairs encoding a 482-amino-acids protein. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that POL λ2 spans 7.9 kb on human chromosome 10q24 and is composed of 8 exons and 7 introns. It has the specific domain of DNA polymerase X family-POL Xc at the C-terminus and BRCT domain at the N-terminus. POL λ2 was localized predominantly in nucleus in transfected L0-2 cells. It was expressed abundantly in liver and testis, weakly in ovary, and undetectably in other tested human tissues. In comparison with the expression ratio between POL λ and POL λ2 in normal liver tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent tissues, the ratio was aberrant in 80% of those 15 HCC specimens examined due to the up-regulated expression of POL λ. This abnormality might be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The recombinant POL λ2 with His-tag was expressed as a soluble active protein in E.coli BL21 (DE3)CONDON Plus and purified by Ni-NTA resin and then desalted by Superdex-75 chromatography in an FPLC system. The analysis using isotope α-32p-dCTP incorporation in vitro showed that the purified recombinant POL λ2 exhibited DNA polymerase activity.     

三化螟卵块寄生蜂-螟卵啮小蜂研究概况

螟卵啮小蜂Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere是一种寄生三化螟Trypoyyza incertulas(Walker)卵块的重要天敌.本文总结了其生物学、形态学、生态学以及应用研究等方面的研究概况,并对其开发利用提出新的思路.