Use HypE to Hide Association Rules by Adding Items

During business collaboration, partners may benefit through sharing data. People may use data mining tools to discover useful relationships from shared data. However, some relationships are sensitive to the data owners and they hope to conceal them before sharing. In this paper, we address this problem in forms of association rule hiding. A hiding method based on evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) is proposed, which performs the hiding task by selectively inserting items into the database to decrease the confidence of sensitive rules below specified thresholds. The side effects generated during the hiding process are taken as optimization goals to be minimized. HypE, a recently proposed EMO algorithm, is utilized to identify promising transactions for modification to minimize side effects. Results on real datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively perform sanitization with fewer damages to the non-sensitive knowledge in most cases.     

The Neural Basis of Responsibility Attribution in Decision-Making

Social responsibility links personal behavior with societal expectations and plays a key role in affecting an agent’s emotional state following a decision. However, the neural basis of responsibility attribution remains unclear. In two previous event-related brain potential (ERP) studies we found that personal responsibility modulated outcome evaluation in gambling tasks. Here we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to identify particular brain regions that mediate responsibility attribution. In a context involving team cooperation, participants completed a task with their teammates and on each trial received feedback about team success and individual success sequentially. We found that brain activity differed between conditions involving team success vs. team failure. Further, different brain regions were associated with reinforcement of behavior by social praise vs. monetary reward. Specifically, right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ) was associated with social pride whereas dorsal striatum and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were related to reinforcement of behaviors leading to personal gain. The present study provides evidence that the RTPJ is an important region for determining whether self-generated behaviors are deserving of praise in a social context.     

The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 triggers necrotic cell death

The oncolytic peptide LTX-315 has been designed for killing human cancer cells and turned out to stimulate anti-cancer immune responses when locally injected into tumors established in immunocompetent mice. Here, we investigated the question whether LTX-315 induces apoptosis or necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy or morphometric analysis of chromatin-stained tumor cells revealed that LTX-315 failed to induce apoptotic nuclear condensation and rather induced a necrotic phenotype. Accordingly, LTX-315 failed to stimulate the activation of caspase-3, and inhibition of caspases by means of Z-VAD-fmk was unable to reduce cell killing by LTX-315. In addition, 2 prominent inhibitors of regulated necrosis (necroptosis), namely, necrostatin-1 and cycosporin A, failed to reduce LTX-315-induced cell death. In conclusion, it appears that LTX-315 triggers unregulated necrosis, which may contribute to its pro-inflammatory and pro-immune effects.     

Potential for mating disruption of Sparganothis sulfureana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cranberries.

The feasibility of disrupting mating of Sparganothis fruitworm with a sprayable microencapsulated formulation of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), the major pheromone component, was evaluated in New Jersey during 1996 and 1997 seasons. In both years, application of encapsulated E11-14:Ac, at 25-187.5 g (AI)/ha, reduced the incidence of mating of virgin females placed in treated plots relative to those placed in control plots. Pheromone trap catches were lower in pheromone treated plots, indicating that fewer male moths were able to locate the traps in treated plots. Larval density and fruit damage were significantly lower in plots treated with 62.5,125, or 187.5 g (AI)/ha of pheromone than in the untreated control. Air and foliage samples were collected to determine the air titers and foliage residuals of E11-14:Ac throughout the adult flight during 1996 and 1997. E11-14:Ac levels in air and foliage samples, declined sharply one wk after the pheromone application. However, detectable levels of E11-14:Ac were present in both air and foliage samples throughout the 3- to 4-wk period after the pheromone application. Multiple applications of pheromone at lower rates may be more effective in maintaining pheromone levels than a single dose at higher rates. These results suggest that mating disruption is a promising strategy to manage Sparganothis fruitworm in cranberries.     

Atrophy of compartments of rat lymph nodes related to an entry of lethally altered lymphocytes

Summary This paper reports the occurrence of an accumulation of lethally altered lymphocytes in the subcapsular sinus of a compartment or compartments of some lymph nodes, an unusual feature best developed in nodes of the mesenteric site in aging athymic animals. Many of these cells are rod-like. In other compartments, similar lymphocytes occurred at various depths in the nodal parenchyma. This was accompanied by the disappearance of a compartment's populations of normal lymphoid cells. The observations reveal that lymphocytes, altered in a tissue, may reach the subcapsular sinus of the draining node compartment and migrate into its parenchyma which then undergoes atrophy. The likely involvement of mast cells is discussed.This work was funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

肾神经在扩张心房时对尿量和尿钠排出的作用

单侧肾去神经的麻醉狗,用乳胶小囊扩张肺静脉-心房连接部,观察到神经完好肾的尿流量与排钠量均显著增加(P<0.01);去神经肾的尿流量仍显著增加(P<0 01),但排钠量无明显变化(P>0.05);两侧肾的肾小球滤过率(GFR)及肾血浆流量(RPF)均保持稳定;神经完好肾的静脉血浆肾素活性(PRA)及血管紧张素Ⅱ水平(PAⅡ)均明显降低,PAⅡ降低的幅度与尿流量增加的幅度无相关(r=-0.2975,P>0.05);与排钠量增加的幅度也无相关(r=-0.2359,P>0.05);去神经肾的PRA和PAⅡ都没有显著变化。说明在刺激心房感受器引起的利尿与尿钠排泄的反应中,肾神经主要促进肾对尿钠的排出。肾神经的这种作用既不是通过改变GFR和RPF,也不是抑制肾素的释放,而可能是由于直接影响肾小管对钠的重吸收。     

Biosynthesis of Territrems by Aspergillus terreus

Different radioactive precursors were added to 8-day potato-dextrose liquid cultures of Aspergillus terreus 23-1. Territrems were isolated from chloroform extracts of the cultures at day 14 and purified by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The territrem B obtained was treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, and 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzoic acid was isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the reaction mixture and purified by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. By comparison of the specific radioactivities of territrem B and its cleaved aromatic product (disintegrations per minute per micromole of compound), it was demonstrated that the radioactivity of territrem B was located mainly on its aromatic moiety when [U-C]shikimate, l-[methyl-C]methionine, and l-[methyl-H]methionine were precursors; however, the radioactivity of territrem B was located mainly on its nonaromatic moiety when [2-C]mevalonate was the precursor. Mevinolin, a specific inhibitor of beta-hydroxyl beta-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, was shown to inhibit production of territrems by A. terreus 23-1. When [U-C]acetate was used as a precursor, mevinolin inhibited the incorporation of radioactive carbon into territrem but mevinolin did not inhibit incorporation of radioactive carbon from [2-C]mevalonate into territrem.     

Synergistic effect of glycine and bacteriocin release protein in the release of periplasmic protein in recombinantE. coli

Summary The synergistic effect of using mitomycin C-induced bacteriocin release protein (BRP) and glycine on cell growth, protein expression and release in a recombinant strain RR1 ofE. coli was investigated. An optimal combination of 50 ng/ml mitomycin C and 0.5% glycine concentration enhanced the release of periplasmic proteins from the cell into the fermentation broth without significantly affecting protein productivity. Under this optimal condition, the percentage of -amylase released into the broth increased from 7–13% to as much as 78%. The cell growth curve and low extracellular activity of the cytoplasmic protein -galactosidase show that there is no appreciable cell lysis.