超微粒TiO2对U937细胞光杀伤效应及机理研究

超微粒TiO₂经光催化氧化后对U937白血病细胞有明显的杀伤作用,DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳图证明了光激发TiO₂能够损伤细胞内的DNA,从而导致细胞死亡,提出了一种杀伤癌细胞的新思路.     

Carbon dioxide concentrations within forest canopies—variation with time, stand structure, and vegetation type

Vertical CO₂ profiles (between 0.02 and 14.0 m) were studied in forest canopies of Pinus contorta, Populus tremuloides, and in a riparian forest with Acer negundo and Acer grandidentatum during two consecutive growing seasons. Profiles, measured continuously during 1- to 13-day periods in four to five stands differing in overstorey canopy area index (CAI < 4.5; including leaves, branches and stems), were well stratified, with highest [CO₂] just above the forest floor. Canopy [CO₂] profiles were influenced by stand structure (CAI, presence of understorey vegetation), and were highly dependent on vegetation type (deciduous and evergreen). A doubling of CAI in Acer spp. and P. tremuloides stands did not show an effect on upper canopy [CO₂], when turbulent mixing was high. However, increasing understorey biomass in Acer spp. stands had a profound effect on lower canopy [CO₂]. In open stands with a vigorous understorey layer, higher soil respiration rates were offset by increased understorey gas exchange, resulting in [CO₂] below those of the convective boundary layer (CBL). Midday depletions up to 20 ppmv below CBL values could be frequently observed in deciduous canopies. In evergreen canopies, [CO₂] stayed generally above the CBL background values, [CO₂] profiles were more uniform, and gradients were smaller than in deciduous stands with similar CAI. Seasonal changes of canopy [CO₂] reflected changes in soil respiration rates as well as plant phenology and gas exchange of both dominant tree and understorey vegetation. Seasonal patterns were less pronounced in evergreen than in deciduous forests.     

Selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions of low levels in carp retina

Selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions was reported in carp retina. Using 10 μnol/L Co²⁺, rod-driven horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and light responses were completely suppressed in superfused, isolated retina, while cone-driven horizontal cells were almost unaffected. Similarly, scotopic electroretinographic bwave was suppressed by 10 μnol/L Co²⁺, while the photopic b-wave remained unaffected. Furthermore, the glutamate-isolated receptor potential (PIII) was not altered by low Co²⁺ under dark-adapted conditions. Other divalent ions with high affinity to calcium channels, such as cadmium and manganese ions, did not show similar suppressive effect on the rod horizontal cells. When rod horizontal cells were hyperpolarized by 10 μnol/L Co²⁺, the use of 3 mmol/L glutamate caused a significant depolarization of the cells, indicating that Co²⁺ application did not impair the ability of these cells to respond to glutamate. On the other hand, application of 200 μnol/L β-hydroxyaspartate, a glutamate transport blocker, mimicked the effect of low Co²⁺, suggesting a possibility that the low Co²⁺ effect might be related to a blockade of glutamate uptake by rods. Project supported by the State Commission of Science and Technology of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Eye Institute, the Human Frontier Science Program.     

孕酮诱发豚鼠精子顶体反应过程中的Ca^2＋内流通道

在体外,孕酮和γ－氨基丁酸可明显地引起豚鼠精子顶体反应,并且两者合并使用,对顶体瓜在的诱发有协同作用,这种反应不依赖于细胞外Ｃｌ＾－,在含Ｃｌ＾－培养液中,ＧＡＢＡＡ受体拮抗剂ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ和ｂｏｃｕｃｕｌｌｉｎｅ不抑制孕酮诱发的顶体反应,而抑制ＧＡＢＡ诱发的顶体反应。相反在缺Ｃｌ＾－培养液中,ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ则可明显地抑制孕酮和ＧＡＢＡ诱发的顶体反应。孕酮和ＧＡＢＡ诱发的顶体反应均可被     

The effects of some inhibitors on the rates of photosynthesis and respiration by Chlorella

The effects of several inhibitors on the rates of photosynthesis and of respiration by Chlorella pyrenoidosa have been studied. The inhibitors used in this study include potassium cyanide, hydroxylamine hydrogen chloride, dinitrophenol,and sodium azide. Each inhibitor seems to have its own characteristic action in photosynthesis and in respiration. With the exception of hydroxylamine, all the inhibitors show a stimulation of respiration at low concentrations of the inhibitors. Only dinitrophenol inhibits respiration to a marked extent. Potassium cyanide, hydroxylamine, and dinitrophenol are about equally effective in inhibiting photosynthesis, but sodium azide is nearly ten times as effective.     

蝴蝶兰几丁质酶基因的克隆及表达特性分析

利用RT-PCR及RACE技术,克隆到蝴蝶兰1个几丁质酶基因PhCHT(GenBank登录号为KT992851),该基因cDNA全长1 210bp,包含37bp的5′-UTR、933bp开放阅读框和240bp 3′-UTR,编码310个氨基酸;该蛋白为糖苷水解酶第19家族成员,兼具有溶菌酶活性;生物信息学分析显示,该蛋白具N-端信号肽和跨膜结构,为胞外分泌蛋白;该蛋白与海枣、谷子、油棕和拟南芥的几丁质酶类似蛋白相近,并且在系统进化树上与甘蔗和陆地棉的Ⅶ类几丁质酶同属一个分支。PhCHT基因的表达分析表明,PhCHT在蝴蝶兰营养器官和生殖器官中均有表达,根中表达量最高;13℃/8℃低温处理3、6、9和15d时该基因的表达被抑制,4℃低温处理1、2和4h表达量升高。研究表明,PhCHT基因能够响应短期的冷胁迫。研究结果为进一步研究蝴蝶兰几丁质酶的系统进化及抗性育种奠定了基础。     

牛樟芝萜烯合成酶基因的克隆与鉴定

为了研究牛樟芝(Antrodia camphorata)倍半萜的生物合成,通过对牛樟芝基因组分析获得倍半萜类合成酶基因(AcTPS2),利用RT-PCR克隆获得其全长cDNA,对其进行生物信息学分析和表达谱分析。结果显示:AcTPS2基因cDNA全长1 068bp,Blast比对发现,AcTPS2含倍半萜类合成酶所独具的富含天冬氨酸序列DXXXD及萜类合成酶特有的RRDTSG-LDL保守序列;系统进化分析显示,AcTPS2基因与其他真菌的倍半萜聚为一类;表达谱分析显示,以甘露糖作为碳源、以酪蛋白胨作为氮源能够有效促进AcTPS2基因的诱导表达。研究结果可为以后牛樟芝倍半萜类生物合成提供一定的参考依据。     

腹主动脉瘤生长过程的蠕变力学模型

基于增强对腹主动脉瘤生长过程的理解、为腹主动脉瘤临床手术提供参考的目的,本文根据腹主动脉瘤的生长物理机制,提出了以蠕变力学为基础模拟腹主动脉瘤生长过程的模型.建立了腹主动脉瘤简化模型,利用有限元方法进行模拟计算.结果显示蠕变模型能够有效模拟腹主动脉瘤生长过程中的形态变化.参数优化模型模拟结果符合临床统计数据所示的腹主动脉瘤生长过程.本文还讨论了腹主动脉材料力学参数对模型的影响.     

滨海湿地甲烷产生途径和产甲烷菌研究进展

滨海湿地在全球碳循环中起着重要的作用,其甲烷排放量占全球海洋甲烷排放的75%.本文综述了滨海湿地主要甲烷产生途径、产甲烷菌种类及其影响因子.滨海湿地SO₄^2-含量丰富,乙酸发酵和H₂/CO₂途径产甲烷受抑制,乙酸营养型和氢营养型产甲烷菌丰度较低;而利用甲胺类等“非竞争性”底物的C1甲基化合物歧化途径不受硫酸还原菌竞争底物的限制,兼性营养型产甲烷菌成为产甲烷优势菌.盐度与SO₄^2-含量和植被类型密切相关,影响竞争性电子和产甲烷底物的种类和含量,对甲烷产生途径和产甲烷菌群落结构有重要影响.目前,滨海湿地产甲烷菌群落结构、甲烷产生途径的关键控制因素尚需明确,其对甲烷排放的影响有待进一步研究.     

中国毛茛科翠雀属的分类学研究(十二):竞生翠雀花的名实订正

通过标本室和野外观察,发现根据云南西北部中甸标本描述的毛茛科竞生翠雀花（Delphinium yangii W.T.Wang）与此前记载分布于该地及四川西南部（康定、小金、汶川）的宝兴翠雀花（D.smithianum Hand.-Mazz.）属于同一分类实体,故将前者处理为后者的异名。