Species variation in organellar location and activity ofl-pipecolic acid oxidation in mammals

Summary The oxidation ofl-pipecolic acid to -aminoadipic acid was studied in eight species of mammals using an assay system more sensitive than those previously employed. After percoll-gradient fractionation, activity was localized to the mitochondrial-enriched fractions in tissues from rabbit, guinea pig, pig, dog, and sheep, with guinea pig kidney cortex showing greatest specific activity. These results contrast with the peroxisomal oxidation ofl-pipecolic acid observed in macaques and man (Mihalik and Rhead 1989; Mihalik et al. 1989). Rats and mice had undetectable levels of both peroxisomal and mitochondriall-pipecolic acid oxidation. In the rat, peroxisomal oxidation activity was not induced by feeding with either clofibrate or clofibrate andl-pipecolic acid. Thus, among mammals, both the ability to oxidizel-pipecolic acid and the organellar location of this oxidation is species dependent.     

刺激中缝背核压抑大鼠小脑浦肯野细胞对苔状和爬行纤维传入的反应

本文在麻醉并制动的大鼠上观察了中缝背核(DR)条件刺激对由苔状和爬行纤维传入引起的小脑浦肯野细胞(PC)诱发反应的影响。主要结果有:(1)刺激大脑皮层感觉运动区可以引起苔状和爬行纤维向对侧小脑皮层第Ⅵ和Ⅶ小叶的传入,因而在该小叶上记录到 PC 的诱发简单锋电位(SS)和复杂锋电位(CS)反应,潜伏期分别是8—25和12—30ms。(2)以不影响PC 自发 SS 和 CS 活动的阈下强度刺激 DR,可显著地压抑 PC 对于刺激感觉运动皮层引起的苔状和爬行纤维兴奋所产生的诱发 SS 和 CS 反应,这种压抑作用可持续数百毫秒。(3)DR条件刺激对 PC 的诱发 SS 和 CS 反应的压抑作用可以被静脉注射5-HT 受体阻断剂羟甲丙基甲基麦角酰胺所减弱或阻断。上述结果表明 DR 的5-HT 能纤维传入可以降低苔状和爬行纤维对 PC 的突触作用效力,抑或降低 PC 对突触传入的反应敏感性,提示中缝-小脑5-HT,能纤维传入系统参与了小脑某些重要的神经活动过程。     

Development,Labour Relations and Gender in Papua New Guinea.

This paper examines the relationship between ‘subsistence’ production, simple commodity production and wage labour and the different effects this relationship has on males and females. The peri-urban village of Siar, located a few kilometres north of Madang town in Papua New Guinea, is used as a case study. It is argued that the village as a social group is dependent on wage labour for its reproduction and hence is proletarianized. As part of the proletarianization process, married women in the village have become doubly subordinated: to capital and to men.     

Zymomonas mobilis mutants blocked in fructose utilization

Summary A mutant ofZymomonas mobilis deficient in the utilization of fructose for growth and ethanol formation was shown to lack fructokinase activity. When grown in media which contained glucose+fructose or sucrose, both the mutant and wild type produced sorbitol in amounts up to 60 g·l^-1, depending on the initial concentrations of sugars. Sorbitol formation was accompanied by an accumulation of acetaldehyde, gluconate, and acetoin. A ferricyanide-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase could be localized in the cell membrane; it thus resembles the sorbitol dehydrogenase ofGluconobacter suboxydans. Neither a NAD(P)H dependent reduction of fructose nor a NAD(P) dependent dehydrogenation of sorbitol could be detected in cell-free extracts. The use of fructose-negative mutants ofZ. mobilis for the enrichment of fructose in glucose+fructose mixtures is discussed.     

刺激蓝斑对下丘脑弓状核单位放电的影响

本研究室以往工作表明,下丘脑弓状核(ARC)和蓝斑(LC)在痛觉调制和针刺镇痛中具有重要作用。本实验观察刺激 LC 对清醒制动大鼠 ARC 单位放电的影响。ARC 单位对刺激LC 的反应以抑制为主,在38个单位中有23个单位呈现抑制反应。ARC 单位对外周伤害性刺激的反应以兴奋为主,在27个单位中有20个单位呈现兴奋反应。刺激 LC 可以使 ARC 单位的伤害性反应的持续时间明显缩短。α_2受体激动剂(氯压啶)和α_1受体阻断剂(酚苄明)能加快ARC 单位的平均放电频率,而β-受体激动剂(异丙基肾上腺素)和β受体阻断剂(心得安)则无明显影响。这些结果提示 LC 的去甲肾上腺素能神经元对 ARC 神经元的作用是通过α受体实现的。     

Lymphocyte zinc metabolism in disease

Lymphocytes were obtained from two patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria as well as from apparently healthy controls and from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Subsequently, several aspects of zinc metabolism were studied in vitro in short-term cultures of these lymphocytes in order to assess lymphocyte functional capacity. The results of mitogen stimulation and zinc uptake studies for lymphocytes from donors with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria were similar to those obtained for leukemic lymphocytes. The results of studies to determine the inducibility of the low molecular weight zinc-binding protein, metallothionein, by zinc were complicated by the decrease in overall protein synthesis in lymphocytes from donors in the paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. It is proposed that paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is indeed a clonal disorder and the relationship between lymphocytes in this disorder and leukemic lymphocytes is discussed.     

Volatile components of developing tomato fruit grown under field and greenhouse conditions

Volatile components of field- and glass greenhouse-grown tomatoes(Lycopersicon esculentum MILL., variety, V. R. Moscow) of differentmaturities were studied by gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography.The following components were separated and identified: isobutylalcohol, isopentyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, 2-methyl-3-hexanol,isovaleraldehyde, caproaldehyde, benzaldehyde, furfural, isopentylacetate, isopentyl butyrate, isopentyl isovalerate, butyl hexanoate,hexyl hexanoate, methyl salicylate and -pinene. Chromatogramswere consistent for both field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoesat all stages of maturity. Except for isovaleraldehyde and hexylalcohol, the biosynthesis of volatile components increased alongwith the growth of fruit. Isovaleraldehyde and hexyl alcohol,presumed to give the "green leafy" aroma of tomatoes, were foundto be in their highest concentrations at the breaker and thelarge-green stages, respectively. ¹This research was supported by a research grant—UI 00449—fromthe National Center for Urban and Industrial Health, U. S. PublicHealth Service.     

三化螟有效积温的研究——Ⅰ.各虫态期的发育零点和其有效积温

1.三化螟卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点和发育零点都系实测结果。卵的孵化零点为16℃,胚胎发育零点为15℃,幼虫发育零点为12℃,幼虫的化蛹零点和蛹的羽化零点都为15℃。 2.三化螟各虫态的有效积温,卵平均为81.1日度,幼虫为507.2日度,蛹为103.7日度,共计为692.0日度。卵和蛹的有效积温随着温度的上升而增加,而幼虫的则恰为相反。 3.发育零点的测定方法有实测,计算和图测三种。后面两种方法所得的结果都与实测的有一定的距离。     

大鼠海马—小脑皮层—小脑深部核团投射的电生理学和HRP研究

本文用电生理学和HRP示踪法,研究了大鼠海马-小脑皮层投射的空间分布,小脑皮层的海马投射区与其深部核团间的纤维联系。 电生理学的实验结果表明,刺激背侧海马CA_1/CA_3区,均可使小脑皮层第Ⅵ小叶的浦肯野细胞产生顺行多突触的诱发简单锋电位和复杂锋电位反应。提示背侧海马CA_1/CA_3区与小脑皮层之间有经苔状纤维和攀缘纤维的多突触投射。实验证明,大鼠的这一投射的终止区域,集中在小脑皮层第Ⅵ小叶中线外侧0.8—1.4mm的范围内;并且来自CA_1区的投射以对侧性为主,CA_3区的投射以同侧性为主。HRP示踪的实验表明,背侧海马CA_1/CA_3区在小脑皮层第Ⅵ小叶的投射区是小脑纵区组构的间位区,该区皮层与间位核之间存在着交互投射关系。