沿海岛屿与内陆藓类植物遗传多样性和分化的比较研究——以真藓(Bryum argenteum Hedw.)为例

基于11个内陆居群和32个岛屿居群的252份标本,采用ISSR分子标记技术对真藓（Bryum argenteum Hedw.）的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果显示：岛屿与内陆居群间的遗传多样性差异显著,岛屿居群间的分化程度（G_st=0.453）大于内陆居群（G_st=0.387）,岛屿居群的遗传分化与地理来源间存在极显著相关性（r=0.478,n=175,P<0.001）。地理隔离效应是导致岛屿居群间遗传分化的重要因素。岛内居群间的遗传分化水平较低,仅有29.4%~29.7%的遗传多样性存在于居群间。聚类分析表明,43个居群可划分为10大类群,真藓遗传关系受地理因素和生境异质性的影响,水域隔离影响了真藓繁殖体在岛屿间的传播。     

胆红素自由基对人红细胞的损伤作用

为了进一步证明胆红素自由基对细胞造成的直接损伤,探讨胆红素对细胞表现毒性的机理以及在色素类结石形成中所起的作用,我们以胆红素自由基作用于人红细胞,用TBA法研究了完整人红细胞的脂质过氧化,用SDS-PAGE法研究了红细胞膜的损伤以及用荧光法研究了膜损伤后某些性质的改变。结果表明:胆红素自由基能引起人红细胞膜脂质过氧化,使膜蛋白发生降解,从而直接可测氨基减少,而溶液中游离氨基的含量却相应增加。根据以上事实,重点讨论了胆红素对细胞表现毒性的可能原因以及与色素类结石形成的关系。     

心磷脂-细胞色素C体系CD谱的研究

 线粒体内膜中含有特异的心磷脂是细胞色素C氧化酶活性的必需脂。本工作测定了心磷脂脂质体对细胞色素C溶液园二色(CD)谱的影响,发现心磷脂可引起血色素铁的氧化,并使其轴向配位场强的对称性下降。提示心磷脂可能参与酶和底物之间的电子转移过程。     

人白血病细胞癌性促凝物(CP)的分离纯化及其特性的初步研究

用三步纯化法从人M_3型白血病细胞中分离纯化出人类肿瘤癌性促凝物(CP)。促凝活性回收率为24％,CP纯化倍数为2481倍。纯化CP在SDS-PAGE上为单一区带,其理化和酶学特性类似于动物肿瘤CP,分子量约为70 000,PI为4.8,在FVⅡ缺乏血浆中以及在含有组织因子(TF)抑制剂情况下仍能激活FX。CP促凝活性能被半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂HgCl_2抑制,纯化CP能与抗动物肿瘤CP抗体形成免疫沉淀反应。     

Primary sequence of the glucanase gene from Oerskovia xanthineolytica. Expression and purification of the enzyme from Escherichia coli

A 2.7-kilobase fragment of DNA from Oerskovia xanthineolytica containing the gene for a beta-1,3-glucanase has been isolated and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. The sequence was found to contain two large open reading frames. Purification of the mature native enzyme and subsequent amino-terminal sequencing defined the glucanase gene in one reading frame which potentially encodes a protein of 548 amino acids. We have expressed this glucanase gene in Escherichia coli under control of the lacUV5 promoter and found the product to be secreted into the periplasm as a mature enzyme of about the same molecular weight as that of the native protein. The recombinant enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by a single step of high performance liquid chromatography. The ability of the recombinant enzyme to digest beta-glucan substrates and to lyse viable yeast cells was found to be indistinguishable from that of the native protein. Deletion of the cysteine-rich carboxyl-terminal 117 amino acids of the enzyme, which also contain two duplicated segments, abolished the lytic activity but did not significantly affect the glucanase function of the protein. The possible involvement of this domain in interaction with the yeast cell wall is discussed.     

Lectin binding to gp60 decreases specific albumin binding and transport in pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers.

The effect of albumin binding to cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAEC) monolayers on the transendothelial flux of 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin (BSA) was examined to determine its possible role on albumin transcytosis. The transport of 125I-BSA tracer across BPAEC grown on gelatin- and fibronectin-coated filters (0.8 microns pore diam.) was affected by the presence of unlabelled BSA in the medium in that transendothelial 125I-BSA permeability decreased, reaching a 40% reduction at BSA concentrations equal to or greater than 5 mg/ml. BSA binding to BPAEC monolayers was saturated at concentration of 10 mg/ml with an apparent binding affinity of 6 x 10(-7) M. In contrast, gelatin added to the medium altered neither 125I-BSA binding nor transport. Several lectins were tested for their ability to inhibit 125I-BSA binding and transport. One lectin, Ricinus communis (RCA), reduced 125I-BSA binding by 70% and transport by 40%. Other lectins, Ulex europaeus, Triticum vulgare, and Glycine max decreased neither 125I-BSA binding nor transport. The reduction of 125I-BSA transport by RCA was not observed in the presence of saturating levels of BSA, indicating that RCA influenced only the albumin-dependent component of transport. RCA, but not other lectins, precipitated a 60 kDa plasmalemmal glycoprotein from cell lysates of surface radioiodinated BPAEC monolayers. This 60 kDa glycoprotein appears to be the equivalent of gp60 identified previously as an albumin binding glycoprotein in rat microvascular endothelium. In summary, approximately 40% of albumin transport across BPAEC monolayers is dependent on albumin binding. This component of albumin transport is inhibited by 80% by the binding of RCA to gp60. These results suggest that binding of albumin to gp60 on pulmonary artery endothelial cell membrane is a critical determinant of transendothelial albumin flux involving mechanisms such as plasmalemmal vesicular transcytosis.     

Myocardial calcium cycling defect in furazolidone cardiomyopathy.

We have previously demonstrated that in furazolidone-induced congestive heart failure in turkeys the specific Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is 60% increased in compensation for a 50% depression in net Ca(2+)-sequestration activity. This study tested the hypothesis that SR Ca(2+)-uptake and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were uncoupled in this cardiomyopathy because of increased Ca(2+)-release channel activity. A novel microassay was used to monitor Ca2+ transport by myocardial homogenates using the fluorescent Ca2+ dye indo 1 to indicate extravesicular ionized Ca2+. The method is applied to cyropreserved biopsy specimens of myocardium and requires only 50 mg tissue. Both SR Ca(2+)-pump and SR Ca(2+)-channel activity were estimated using the channel-inhibitor ruthenium red (RR) and the mitochondrial inhibitor sodium azide. The specificity of the RR inhibition was confirmed using ryanodine. Cardiomyopathy was induced in 2-week-old turkey poults by the addition of 0.07% furazolidone to their feed for 4 weeks. Compared with controls, myocardial maximal Ca(2+)-channel activity relative to maximal Ca(2+)-pump activity was 22% greater and duration of Ca(2+)-channel activity was 100% increased. However, the heart failure birds had 43 and 53% decreases in absolute maximal Ca(2+)-pumping and Ca(2+)-channel activities, respectively. The abnormal Ca(2+)-channel activity resulted in 200% greater time before initiation of net Ca2+ sequestration and 700% greater final myocardial Ca2+ concentrations. For all birds, the Ca(2+)-accumulating activity was highly correlated with Ca(2+)-release activity (all p less than 0.05). These data indicate that in this animal model of congestive heart failure there is defective SR Ca(2+)-channel function resulting in abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Nucleotide sequence and chromosomal location of Cab11 and Cab12, the genes for the fourth polypeptide of the photosystem I light-harvesting antenna (LHCI)

Tryptic peptide sequences from the 22 kDa polypeptide of tomato LHCI were used to construct a probe for gene cloning. The two genes cloned, cab11 and cab12, encode proteins of 251 and 250 residues that are 88% identical in overall amino acid sequence and 93% identical in the deduced mature protein. Each gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome; cab11 on chromosome 3 and cab12 on chromosome 6, and each has 2 introns located in similar positions to introns in other members of the Chl a/b-binding (CAB) protein gene family. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of LHCI, LHCII, CP29 and CP24 polypeptides confirms that all CABs share two regions of very high similarity which include the first and third transmembrane helices and the stroma-exposed sequences preceding them. However, near the N-terminus and between the conserved regions, the LHCI polypeptides have sequence motifs which appear to be PSI-specific.     

Refinement of the three-dimensional solution structure of barley serine proteinase inhibitor 2 and comparison with the structures in crystals.

The three-dimensional structure of barley serine proteinase inhibitor, CI-2, has been determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The present structure determination is a refinement of the structure previously determined by us, using in the present case stereo-specific assignments, and a virtually complete set of assignments of the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectrum. The structure determination is based on the identification of more than 1300 nuclear Overhauser effects, of which 961 were used in the structure calculation as distance restraints, and on 94 dihedral angle restraints, of which 31 are for chi 1 angles in defined chiral centers. These have been used to calculate a series of 20 three-dimensional structures using a combination of distance geometry, simulated annealing and restrained molecular dynamics. Each of the 20 structures was in agreement within less than 0.5 A of each of the distance restraints and with all dihedral angle restraints. When compared to the geometric average structure of the 20 refined structures the root-mean-square differences for the backbone atoms were 0.8 (+/- 0.2) A and for all atoms were 1.6 (+/- 0.2) A. By comparison, the values obtained for the structures determined previously were 1.4 (+/- 0.2) A and 2.1 (+/- 0.1) A, respectively. The structures were also compared to the structure determined in the crystalline state by X-ray diffraction showing root-mean-square differences of 1.6 (+/- 0.2) A and 2.8 (+/- 0.2) A for the backbone and all atoms, respectively. Common features of the solution structure and the two crystal structures are the four-stranded beta-structure, composed of a pair of parallel strands, and three pairs of antiparallel beta-strands flanked on one side by a 12-residue alpha-helix and on the other side by a loop containing the serine proteinase binding site. The new analysis of the structure has revealed an additional pair of antiparallel beta-strands, consisting of residues 65 to 67 and 81 to 83, that was not seen in either of the crystal structures or the previous solution structure. Identification of this was based on nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for the hydrogen bond (67HN to 81CO) not reported previously. Also the presence of a bifurcated hydrogen bond involving Phe69 CO and HN atoms of Ala77 and Gln78 was observed in solution but not in crystals. Minor differences between the two structures were observed in the phi-angles of residues Met59 and Glu60 in the inhibitory site.