淡足侧沟茧蜂对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的寄生选择性研究

应用2因素2次回归正交旋转组合设计研究了淡足侧沟茧蜂Microplitis pallidipes对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的寄生选择性,并建立了2种寄主共存时的被寄生模型.主效分析表明,甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫被寄生虫数均随寄主自身密度的增加而增加;淡足侧沟茧蜂对2种寄主无明显的选择性,对甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾幼虫共存时的选择寄生比率分别为0.5211、0.4788.在人工繁殖淡足侧沟茧蜂时,可以利用易于人工繁殖的斜纹夜蛾做为繁蜂寄主,提高淡足侧沟茧蜂的繁殖速度,降低繁蜂成本.在甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾发生期,可保护利用淡足侧沟茧蜂来控制蔬菜夜蛾.     

Tetrahydroisoquinoline 1-carboxamides as growth hormone secretagogues

Several novel series of tetrahydroisoquinoline 1-carboxamides were prepared and shown to be potent growth hormone (GH) secretagogues. Among them, carbamate 12a-E2 displays excellent in vivo activity by increasing plasma GH 10-fold in an anesthetized IV rat model.     

Proteomic analysis of the sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa responding to ampicilin, kanamycin, and tetracycline resistance

Nosocomial wound infections by antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have increasing importance in hospitals. Outer membrane proteins of the bacterium have strong influence on its resistance to antibiotics. In the current study, a parallel proteomic approach was applied to analysis of sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction of P. aeruginosa responding to ampicilin, kanamycin and tetracycline resistances. Eleven differential proteins with 15 spots were determined and then identified by MALDI-TOF/MS, in which four with increased OprF, MexA, OmpH, and decreased hypothetical protein (NCBI No. 15599856), six with increased OprF, OmpH, hypothetical protein (NCBI No. 15599183) and decreased OprG, MexA, conserved hypothetical protein (NCBI No. 15600371), and eight with increased OprF, MexA, OprL, probable Omp (NCBI No. 15599856), probable secretion protein (NCBI No. 15600167), OprD and decreased OprG, conserved hypothetical protein (NCBI No. 15600371) responded to ampicilin, kanamycin, and tetracycline resistances, respectively. With the exception of OprF, the other differential proteins did not show the same behaviors against the three antibiotic resistances. Compared with our previous report on E. coli Omps responding to ampicilin and tetracycline resistances, which was only a protein difference in quality between the two antibiotics, P. aeruginosa showed significant diversity against the three antibiotics. Our findings might provide valuable data for an understanding of antibiotic-resistant difference between different species of bacteria. Meanwhile, these proteins shared by different bacteria or a bacterium against different antibiotics may provide universal targets for the development of new drugs that control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.     

草坪型扁穗牛鞭草种质资源的坪用价值初步评价

采用景观-性能-应用适合度的综合评价体系,以暖季型狗牙根和冷季型高羊茅为对照,分春季、夏季、秋冬季对西南地区扁穗牛鞭草坪用性状和使用性能进行评价,结果表明：春季草坪景观质量H050、H049的坪用性状好于对照;夏季H036、H049、H011坪用性状好于对照;秋冬季H036、H049表现好于对照;综合一年的表现进行指标权重分析,H036、H049得分分别为17．60和18．08,可作为过渡性气候区建植观赏草坪、游憩草坪、运动草坪、保土草坪的优质材料进行开发利用。     

Engineering the genomes of wild insect populations: Challenges, and opportunities provided by synthetic Medea selfish genetic elements

Advances in insect transgenesis and our knowledge of insect physiology and genomics are making it possible to create transgenic populations of beneficial or pest insects that express novel traits. There are contexts in which we may want the transgenes responsible for these traits to spread so that all individuals within a wild population carry them, a process known as population replacement. Transgenes of interest are unlikely to confer an overall fitness benefit on those who carry them. Therefore, an essential component of any population replacement strategy is the presence of a drive mechanism that will ensure the spread of linked transgenes. We discuss contexts in which population replacement might be desirable and the requirements a drive system must satisfy to be both effective and safe. We then describe the creation of synthetic Medea elements, the first selfish genetic elements synthesized de novo, with the capability of driving population replacement, in this case in Drosophila. The strategy used to create DrosophilaMedea is applicable to a number of other insect species and the Medea system satisfies key requirements for scientific and social acceptance. Finally, we highlight several challenges to implementing population replacement in the wild.     

Insights into Avian Influenza Virus Pathogenicity: the Hemagglutinin Precursor HA0 of Subtype H16 Has an Alpha-Helix Structure in Its Cleavage Site with Inefficient HA1/HA2 Cleavage

With a new serotype (H17) of hemagglutinin (HA) recently being discovered, there are now 17 serotypes (H1 to H17) of influenza A viruses in total. It is believed that HA is initially expressed as a precursor of HA0 and then cleaved into HA1 and HA2, forming a disulfide bond-linked complex, for its full function. Structural data show that a loop structure exists in the cleavage site between HA1 and HA2, and this flexible loop is crucial for the efficient cleavage of HA0. Here, the crystal structures of H16 (a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus) in their HA0 form (H16HA0) have been solved at 1.7-Å and 2.0-Å resolutions. To our surprise, an α-helix element in the cleavage site which inserts into the negatively charged cavity with the key residue R329 hidden behind the helix was observed. In vitro trypsin cleavage experiments demonstrated inefficient cleavage of H16HA0 under both neutral and low-pH conditions. The results provide new insights into influenza A virus pathogenicity; both the relatively stable α-helix structure in the flexible cleavage loop and inaccessibility of the cleavage site likely contribute to the low pathogenicity of avian influenza A virus. Furthermore, compared to all of the HAs whose structures have been solved, H16 is a good reference for assigning the HA subtypes into two groups on the basis of the three-dimensional structure, which is consistent with the phylogenetic grouping. We conclude that in light of the current H16HA0 structure, the natural α-helix element might provide a new opportunity for influenza virus inhibitor design.     

三甲双酮对斑马鱼胚胎早期发育的影响

针对抗癫痫药物的临床神经性毒副作用及致畸性,以三甲双酮为探针药建立了抗癫痫药毒性的斑马鱼胚胎模型。结果显示,斑马鱼胚胎暴露于三甲双酮后出现浓度依赖性的畸形和死亡。畸形表型有生长迟缓,脑区、眼和听囊变小,半规管和耳石受损,以及心血管系统异常。这些表型与临床病例和文献报道很相似。毛细胞染色显示听囊ML2神经丘毛细胞数明显减少。原位杂交检测发现脑标志基因zic1和xb51、自噬基因atg5的表达图式发生了异常变化。RT-PCR检测显示听觉基因val和hmx2的表达水平也发生了异常变化。这些结果提示脑组织和控制身体平衡及听力的神经感受器是三甲双酮的主要毒性靶位。斑马鱼胚胎和幼体可以模拟三甲双酮对哺乳动物的致畸和神经毒性反应。