天山南麓山前平原植物群落物种多样性及空间分异研究

荒漠灌丛是天山南麓山前平原主要植被类型.本研究定量分析了山前平原植物群落物种多样性及生境尺度异质性的影响.结果表明:(1)天山南麓山前平原的植物群落多样性指数Simpson、均匀度指数McIntosh及丰富度指数Margalef都较低,在地貌带的过渡上,植物分布呈现均匀化.(2)海拔和地下水埋深是影响天山南麓山前平原植物群落物种多样性的重要环境指标.海拔梯度与物种多样性指数Simpson、Margalef及McIntosh均呈显著的线性正相关关系,物种多样性均随海拔高度的增加而增加;地下水埋深与物种多样性指数呈极显著的线性负相关关系,物种多样性随地下水埋深的增加而减小.(3)土壤含盐量与物种多样性指标无显著关系,但土壤含盐量与地下水埋深相关性显著,这是天山南麓山前平原土壤盐分空间异质性的一个重要特点.土壤盐分含量变化影响着植物群落物种组成,随土壤盐分含量增加,群落中盐生植物种类逐渐占据优势.(4)海拔的变化是决定天山南麓山前平原灌丛群落生境差异的主导因子.海拔差异表征了山前平原地貌、水文地质条件及土壤的变化,而随海拔变化的水热、水盐等干扰体系的差异则进一步导致了异质性的生境,进而影响不同植被类型中群落组成结构和多样性的差异.     

酶水解日粮在动物营养中的应用前景

近代饲料工业的发展使动物对饲料的消化率得到了很大提高,但已快接近动物消化能力的极限。酶水解日粮技术可望成为突破这一极限的可行途径之一。本文对动物的消化吸收能力极限、传统酶制剂添加技术的局限性、酶水解日粮技术的优势和存在问题作了分析,以期为进一步提高动物对饲料的利用效率提供新的思路。     

Differences in Variation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences from Henan and Shanghai Regions of China

Illegally paid blood donation was a risk factor for HIV acquisition exclusively in Henan and Hubei Provinces of China,and not in Shanghai.Nucleotide sequences in the gag and env genes of HIV-1 were compared between isolates from Henan and Shanghai regions of China to test whether an expected higher degree of a common source of infections from this unique blood donation transmission risk would be evident as decreased variation among Henan isolates in an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.Among 38 isolates studied,23 of 23(100%)from Henan and 8 of 15(54%)from Shanghai were subtype B.In addition,fewer sequence differences were found in gp41 of subtype B isolates from Henan than from Shanghai isolates.Further studies with additional controls are therefore warranted to confirm the role of the degree of a common source of infections in differences in HIV variation across populations.     

山羊KAP6-1.2基因的克隆表达及分析

目的：研究角蛋白关联蛋白KAP6-1.2对不同品种羊绒和羊毛在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上的影响及在山羊皮肤中的定位表达。方法：以阿尔巴斯白绒山羊KAP6-1.2 cDNA设计特异引物,扩增5种山羊的KAP6-1.2基因的编码区,克隆并测序。制备KAP6-1.2 cRNA探针,通过组织切片原位杂交在皮肤中进行定位表达分析。结果：6种山羊的KAP6-1.2在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上高度同源,仅吐根堡奶山羊的编码区有2个碱基与其他5种山羊不同,导致编码的两个氨基酸残基也发生了改变。原位杂交结果显示,KAP6-1.2 mRNA在10月份皮肤、胚胎125d皮肤、胚胎115d皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层均有强烈的表达。结论：KAP6-1.2的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列在不同地区、不同品种山羊中高度保守,在胚胎和成年山羊皮肤的初级和次级毛囊的皮质层均有强烈的表达。     

中国外斑腿蝗属两新种(直翅目,蝗总科,斑腿蝗科,斑腿蝗亚科)

记述了采自中国台湾斑腿蝗科外斑腿蝗属Xenocatantops Dirsh,1953的2新种.台湾外斑腿蝗X.taiwanensis sp.nov.近似Xenocatantops sauteri(Ramme,1941),区别特征为前翅较长,超过后足股节中部,到达肛上板的中点;颜面隆起具纵沟,两侧近平行,中部微缩狭;前胸腹板突圆柱形,端圆形.长翅外斑腿蝗X.longipennis sp.nov.近似Xenocatantops luteitibia Zheng et Jiang,2002,区别特征为后足股节粗壮,长为最宽处的3.7倍;触角中段一节的长为宽的1.1～1.3倍;前胸背板缺小黑点.并附外斑腿蝗属中国已知种的检索表.模式标本保存于国立自然科学博物馆,台中.     

观赏植物花芽分化研究进展

花芽分化是有花植物发育中最为关键的阶段,同时也是一个复杂的形态建成过程。简要综述了植物花芽分化过程中形态结构、外部因子与内部因子的影响,以及花芽分化中花转变的顺序和基因对成花的作用,并对观赏植物花芽分化的展望与问题做了概述和探讨。     

产弹性蛋白酶菌种的筛选及发酵条件优化研究

从合肥肉联厂附近的土壤和污水中分离得到19株产弹性蛋白酶菌株,初步鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属.经过发酵复筛有三株产酶能力超过15u/mL.实验对菌株最佳产酶发酵条件进行了优化2%干酪素、0.5%葡萄糖、0.4%酵母膏、0.2% K2HPO4、0.01% MgSO4·7H2O;起始pH值7.0;最适发酵温度为30℃;装液量为25mL/250mL;该菌株在28h左右产弹性蛋白酶的量达18u/mL.     

Adipocyte differentiation induced using nonspecific siRNA controls in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells

RNA interference (RNAi) is gene silencing induced by double-stranded RNA of 21-23 nucleotides in length, termed small interfering RNA, or siRNA. RNAi-based techniques have been widely applied to elucidate gene function, identify drug targets, and used in trials as a promising adjunct to silence disease-causing genes. However, emerging evidence suggests unexpected changes in expression of untargeted genes as a consequence of an off-target effect by RNAi in mammalian cells. To date, our understanding of such effects on stem cells is limited. We transfected human fetal femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells using commercially available nonspecific siRNA controls and examined adipocyte differentiation in the cells using morphology, histochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR to examine the expression of key genes for adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation. We report here the induction of adipocyte differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells using nonspecific siRNAs raising concerns as to the specificity of RNAi in stem cells and, critically, a need to understand and delineate the rules governing the specificity of RNAi.     

加拿大一枝黄花的组织培养及植株再生

1植物名称加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis Linn.)。2材料类别带腋芽的茎段。3培养条件(1)诱导愈伤组织培养基:MS 2,4-D0.5mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)芽分化培养基:MS 6-BA1.0;(3)生根培养基:MS。     

云南疣粒野生稻幼穗一步成苗培养与植株再生

1植物名称疣粒野生稻(Oryza meyeriana Baill.),云南类型。2材料类别幼穗(0.3～4.0 cm)。3培养条件云南疣粒野生稻的幼穗培养采用一次成苗分化培养基(1)为MS 6-BA 2.5 mg·L~(-1)(单位下