中国原尾虫的研究记述西藏檗螈科的一新属两新种

1979年7月至1980年8月,金根桃和吴建毅二同志在西藏墨脱地区进行了连续一年多的采集,采到大批昆虫标本,其中原尾虫也非常丰富。从已鉴定的部分标本中,檗蚖科的一新属、藏蚖属和马蚖属的两个新种,广泛地分布于西藏东南地区。模式标本保存于中国科学院上海昆虫研究所。     

散白蚁属两新种(等翅目:鼻白蚁科)

中国散白蚁属种类十分丰富,已发表的种类近20种,分属两个亚属,近年来湖南省林业部门结合普查工作又采得不少白蚁标本,经整理鉴定,其中鼻白蚁科的散白蚁属有两个新种。均属于额白蚁亚属。现描述如下。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 平江散白蚁Reticulitermes(Frontotermes)pingjiangensis Tsai et Peng新种 兵蚁(图1—5)体中型,头部橙黄色,上颚棕褐色,颚基赤黄色,触角堤脊褐黄色,触角及胸部背板乳黄色,腹部色泽浅淡,体被小毛。     

Studies of the mechanisms for the induction of in vivo tumor immunity. VI. Induction of specific and nonspecific cell-mediated immunity in tumor-bearing hosts and its correlation with transplantation tumor immunity

Studies were performed to determine the development of cell-mediated cytotoxic response at tumor site in C57BL/6 mice bearing progressively growing FBL-3 ascites leukemia. The effectors isolated from tumor ascites are found to be highly cytotoxic for leukemic target cells. The levels of cytotoxicity obtained with effectors isolated from tumor site are generally higher than those obtained with immune mice. This cytotoxicity is both specific and nonspecific. The specific cytotoxicity against tumor-associated antigen is mainly mediated by T cells and the nonspecific cytotoxicity against unrelated tumor cells is mediated largely by macrophages. The T-cell-enriched preparation did not give significant natural killer activity. When testing the ability of these effectors to produce in vivo immunity against the challenge of FBL-3, it was found that only T cells could confer the transplantation-type immunity, but the immunity was transient. The macrophage-enriched preparation isolated from tumor ascites failed to give in vivo protection. These findings indicate that in FBL-3 system, mice with progressively growing tumors are able to develop immune response against tumor cells. However, this immunity is probably interfered with by a suppressor factor(s) or suppressor cells which restrict their activity to eliminate the tumor cells effectively.     

Incidence of toxigenic vibrios in foods available in Taiwan.

A total of 1088 vibrios and related species were isolated from seafood and aquacultured foods available in Taiwan. They were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis I, V. fluvialis II, V. parahaemolyticus, V. mimicus, Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, A. sobria and other species. Incidence of these Vibrio and Aeromonas species in these foods was high. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was frequently found in seawater and in foods of freshwater origin. The Vibrio isolates were examined for enzymatic and toxigenic activities. Most of them showed strong lipase or protease activities. Haemolytic activities of V. cholerae, V. fluvialis I and V. fluvialis II isolates were mostly strong. About 49% showed cytotoxic activity and 5% cytotonic activity in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture assay. Nevertheless, only three non-O1 V. cholerae (2.07%) and two V. parahaemolyticus isolates (1.65%) produced cholera toxin and thermostable direct haemolysin activity, respectively. Various toxigenic vibrios may be important food-borne pathogens in this region because of their high incidence in foods.     

IL-4 regulation of a protein kinase C independent pathway for the generation of alpha CD3-induced activated killer cells.

alpha CD3 induced the generation of activated killer cells from resting T cells. Pretreatment of the splenic responders with PMA, a phorbol ester, depleted protein kinase C and induced unresponsiveness to the generation of alpha CD3-induced activated killer (CD3-AK) cells. Addition of exogenous IL-4 (1 U/ml) restored the cytotoxic response, with the maximal effect achieved with 30 to 100 U/ml. The phenotypes of CD3-AK cells maintained in IL-2 or in IL-4, with or without PMA, were the same: Thy1+ and CD8+. These results were reproduced with purified T cells and purified CD8+ cells, indicating that both the effectors and precursors were CD8+ cells and IL-4 had a selective effect to upregulate the CD8+ cells. Similar results were obtained by using SSP (staurosporine), another PKC inhibitor. At 2 days prior to testing, switching the lymphokine added to 2-week PMA- and IL-2-maintained CD3-AK cells reversed their cytolytic activity: switching from IL-2 to IL-4 restored cytolytic activity, and switching from IL-4 to IL-2 reduced cytolytic activity. The cytolytic activity of these CD3-AK cells correlated with their ability to produce BLT-esterase. In the absence of PMA, CD3-AK cells cultured in either IL-2 or IL-4 were cytolytic and contained high levels of BLT-esterase. In contrast, in the presence of PMA, only the IL-4-maintained CD3-AK cells were cytolytic and produced significant amounts of BLT-esterase. The effect of IL-4 was abrogated by the alpha IL-4 antibody 11B11, which reduced the cytolytic activity of CD3-AK and the ability to produce BLT-esterase. The requirement of IL-2 was less stringent and its major role appeared to be maintaining the cell growth. These findings indicate that IL-4 may participate in the regulation of a PKC-independent pathway for the generation of CD3-AK cells by regulating the production of cytolytic granules.     

Usage of primary cells to delineate IFN-gamma-responsive DNA elements in the HLA-DRA promoter and to identify a novel IFN-gamma-enhanced nuclear factor.

The IFN-gamma regulation of the HLA-DRA gene was examined in a primary cell type, the astrocyte. Site-specific mutagenesis of the DRA promoter reveals that three known sequences, S, X, and Y, are required for an optimal IFN-gamma response. Specifically for the X sequence, the X1, but not the X2, site is involved in IFN-gamma regulation of HLA-DRA in the astrocyte. Most interesting, a novel IFN-gamma-enhanced protein (IFNEX) with specificity for the X element has consistently been observed in nuclear extracts made from primary astrocytes. The correlation of the functional importance of X1 in IFN-gamma-regulated DRA expression and the enhancement of IFNEX by IFN-gamma strongly suggests that IFNEX may play a crucial role in IFN-gamma-regulated class II MHC gene expression.     

褶爪沪蚖假眼的电镜观察

褶爪沪蚖(Huhentomon plicatunguis Yin)假眼为梨形隆起,表面具纵向条纹和沟缝;内、外表皮之间形成假眼腔,腔的后半部有一条由内表皮突出形成的龙骨;假眼下有3个感觉细胞,各伸出一条纤毛树突,经假眼后端的通道进入假眼腔,逐渐伸展成片层状,其末端与沟缝相通。观察结果表明其假眼结构与华山夕蚖假眼甚为接近。