通脉益智方对VD大鼠学习记忆行为和海马CA1区突触结构的影响

目的:观察通脉益智方对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆行为和海马CA1区突触超微结构的影响.方法:应用高脂血症大鼠,采用脑缺血再灌注的方法建立血管性痴呆动物模型,利用跳台实验和Y型迷宫实验检验大鼠的学习记忆能力,应用透射电镜和光镜观察分析海马CA1区神经细胞和突触形态结构的变化.结果:跳台实验和Y型迷宫实验表明模型大鼠学习记忆能力明显下降,而给予通脉益智方组学习记忆能力改善,与模型组相比有显著性差异(p＜0.05).形态学观察显示模型组大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞排列紊乱,核固缩、退化、变性、坏死、消失.突触结构不完整,突触小泡减少;突触间隙模糊,线粒体肿胀、空泡样变.通脉益智方组的神经细胞、突触的形态与模型组相比有明显改善.结论:通脉益智方通过减轻突触的损伤及对神经细胞的保护作用,从而改善了学习记忆能力.     

Crystallographic and NMR studies of antiinfective tricyclic guanidine alkaloids from the sponge Monanchora unguifera

Three tricyclic guanidine alkaloids, including 1,8a;8b,3a-didehydro-8β-hydroxyptilocaulin (1), 1,8a;8b,3a-didehydro-8-hydroxyptilocaulin (2) and mirabilin B (3), were identified from the marine sponge Monanchora unguifera. 1,8a;8b,3a-Didehydro-8-hydroxyptilocaulin (2) is a new stereoisomer of 1, the structure of which was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, comparison of its spectral data with those of 1, and confirmed by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 co-crystallized in an unusual perfect order and packed around an approximate inversion center. A mixture of 1 and 2 is active against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with an IC₅₀ value of 3.8 μg/mL while mirabilin B (3) exhibited antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with an IC₅₀ value of 7.0 μg/mL and antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania donovani with an IC₅₀ value of 17 μg/mL.     

内镜下萨氏扩张器扩张联合局部注射曲安奈德治疗食管良性吻合口狭窄的疗效及安全性研究

目的:探讨食管良性吻合口狭窄经内镜下萨氏扩张器扩张联合局部注射曲安奈德治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取79例食管良性吻合口狭窄患者作为研究对象,根据数字表法将其随机分为对照组(n=38)和研究组(n=41),对照组给予内镜下萨氏扩张器扩张治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合局部注射曲安奈德治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、术后恢复情况以及安全性。结果:研究组治疗后总有效率为85.37%(35/41),高于对照组患者的65.79%(25/38)(x~2=4.138,P=0.002)。研究组持续症状缓解时间、再次进行内镜下扩张治疗的间隔时间均长于对照组(t=21.573、27.209,P=0.000、0.000),两组患者治疗前Stooler评分比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.266,P=0.791),两组患者治疗后Stooler评分均降低(t=16.606、25.962,P=0.000、0.000),且研究组低于对照组(t=7.407,P=0.000)。研究组术后并发症总发生率为19.51%(8/41),低于对照组患者的42.11%(16/38)(x~2=4.760,P=0.009)。结论:食管良性吻合口狭窄经内镜下萨氏扩张器扩张联合局部注射曲安奈德治疗后,可获得较好的疗效,患者临床症状得到改善,同时还可减少并发症发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

Mental Health Help-Seeking Intentions and Preferences of Rural Chinese Adults

Purpose

We aimed to investigate mental health help-seeking intentions and preferences of rural Chinese adults and determine predictors of the intentions.

Methods

A total of 2052 representative rural residents aged 18–60 completed a cross-sectional survey by face-to-face interviews. The survey included seven questions asking about respondents’ help-seeking intentions and preferences, and a series of internationally validated instruments to assess self-perceived health status, depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, mental health literacy, and attitudes towards mental illness.

Results

Nearly 80% of respondents were willing to seek psychological help if needed, and 72.4% preferred to get help from medical organizations, yet only 12% knew of any hospitals or clinics providing such help. A multivariate analysis of help-seeking intention revealed that being female, having lower education, higher social health, higher mental health knowledge, and physical causal attribution for depression were positive predictors of help-seeking intention.

Conclusion

A huge gap exists between the relatively higher intention for help-seeking and significantly lower knowledge of helpful resources. Predictors of help-seeking intention for mental problems in the current study are consistent with previous studies. Interventions to increase help-seeking for mental problems by Chinese rural adults may be best served by focusing on increasing public awareness of help sources, as well as improving residents’ mental health literacy and social health, with special focus on males and those more educated.     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对实验性大肠癌bak和bax基因表达的影响

目的：探讨青春型双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖(whole peptidoglycan,WPG）的抑瘤机制。方法：以免疫组化检测大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤bak基因的蛋白表达水平。结果：WPG注射组大肠癌移植瘤bak和bax的阳性细胞密度、阳性表达率和表达强度均显著高于肿瘤对照组。结论：WPG的抑瘤机制之一的是通过增强bak和bax基因的蛋白表达,最终诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡。     

杭州地区扶桑绵粉蚧危害调查及系统进化分析

【背景】扶桑绵粉蚧是近年来入侵我国的重要检疫性害虫,在我国多个省份均有发生,造成了严重的经济损失。【方法】于2009—2015年对杭州地区扶桑绵粉蚧的发生危害情况进行了实地调查,同时结合mt DNA COI分子标记方法,对扶桑绵粉蚧进行分子鉴定和系统进化分析。【结果】杭州市余杭区、萧山区和临安市3个地区发现扶桑绵粉蚧分布,共调查到寄主植物38科61属68种,以辣椒、茄子、番茄、南瓜、棉花、芝麻、菊花、苦荬菜、大花马齿苋和五色梅受害最严重。系统进化分析表明,杭州地区的扶桑绵粉蚧未发生明显的遗传分化,与我国其他地区扶桑绵粉蚧mt DNA COI基因相似度为99.4%~100%。【结论与意义】本研究为进一步研究扶桑绵粉蚧的遗传进化、可能的侵入途径以及科学防控提供了理论基础。     

新疆北部地区啮齿动物(GLIRES)的分类研究

新疆北部地区(以下称北疆)地处蒙新、哈萨克与泰加林区3大动物地理区的交界地带,自然条件比较复杂,动物区系丰富,种类繁多。然而,有关北疆啮齿动物(Glires,包括兔形目和啮齿目)的分类工作很少,甚至许多种类均未鉴定到亚种。 19世纪末期与本世纪初期,少数俄、美学者曾先后在我国新疆进行过采集工作,其中捕获啮齿动物最多的是D.Carruthers,后来由Thomas(1912)整理发表。解放后,中国科学院组织进行了1958-1960年新疆科考工作,其鸟兽部分由钱燕文、张洁、汪松等(1965)写成专著《新疆南部的鸟兽》,北疆部分未专门总结。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞膜脂流动性的影响

目的探讨分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖（WPG）对巨噬细胞膜脂流动性的影响。方法首先分离培养昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,然后以WPG刺激巨噬细胞,再用细胞膜磷脂荧光探针标记细胞,最后采用激光共聚焦显微镜结合激光漂白后荧光恢复技术检测巨噬细胞的膜脂流动性。结果WPG刺激组反映小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞膜脂流动性的平均荧光恢复率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖可提高巨噬细胞膜脂流动性。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞缝隙链接的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖（WPG）对巨噬细胞缝隙连接介导的细胞间通讯（GJIC）的影响。方法首先分离培养昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,然后以WPG刺激巨噬细胞,再用脂荧光探针标记细胞,最后采用激光共聚焦显微镜结合激光漂白后荧光恢复技术检测反映GJIC变化的荧光恢复程度。结果和对照组相比,以WPG刺激巨噬细胞后,其GJIC的平均荧光恢复率明显增加（P〈0.01）。结论双歧杆菌的WPG可提高巨噬细胞的缝隙连接介导的细胞间通讯。     

蛋白激酶C在双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长中的作用

目的:从信号分子蛋白激酶C(PKC)这一角度探索青春型双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长的途径.方法:建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,用激光共聚焦显微镜测定大肠癌组织PKC α、βⅠ、βⅡ、γ、ε和ζ的含量.结果:荷瘤鼠经双歧杆菌预先处理后,其大肠癌组织PKC α和βⅡ的平均荧光强度明显低于肿瘤对照组(P＜0.01),而PKC βⅠ、γ、ε和ζ的平均荧光强度在两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:青春型双歧杆菌体内可通过降低PKCα、βⅡ的活性来预防大肠癌的生长.