中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋

首次报道中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——合瓣蜘蛛抱蛋Aspidistra connata H.-J.Tillich,该种与辐花蜘蛛抱蛋A.subrotata Y.Wanet C.C.Huang相似,但叶片长椭圆形至长卵状椭圆形,花被顶端8～10裂,裂片线形,顶端联合不分开,形成一个笼状包围着雌蕊可与后者区别。凭证标本存放于广西植物标本馆(IBK)。     

对羟基扁桃酸合酶基因的克隆表达及催化特性

【目的】比较两种不同来源基因重组的对羟基扁桃酸合酶(HmaS),考察其在大肠杆菌中的表达效率。【方法】分别对东方拟无枝酸菌(Amycolatopsis orientalis)和天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)来源的hmas进行异源表达,经离子交换层析和凝胶过滤色谱分离纯化获得HmaS,并检测HmaS的酶活和催化特性。【结果】来源于S.coelicolor的HmaSSC2比酶活是来源于A.orientalis的3.6倍;来源于A.orientalis的HmaSAO最适反应温度为28°C,在弱碱性条件下的酶活稳定性较好;来源于S.coelicolor的HmaSSC2最适反应温度为35°C,在28-45°C内保持较高的酶活,具有良好耐热性,在pH 7.0左右酶活最高,更易在偏中性的条件下发挥功能。【结论】HmaSSC2更适用于代谢工程改造大肠杆菌发酵法生产扁桃酸。     

Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization of Lead Treated Soils in the Eastern Mediterranean Region,Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the first effect of lead on microbial activity in soil. The study was carried out in the soil samples from four different radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula, Brassicaceae) fields along the highway in a district (Kadirli, Osmaniye) of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Turkey. After the calculation of Pb contents, the Pb amounts of the soil samples were brought up to 50 and 100 mg Pb kg^?1 by treatment with Pb(NO ₃ ) ₂ , and the samples for the carbon and the nitrogen mineralization were incubated under controlled conditions (28°C, constant moist). The carbon mineralization was determined by a CO ₂ respiration method for 30 days. The nitrogen mineralization was observed in vitro for 6 weeks. The untreated group was statistically different from the 50 and 100 mg Pb kg^?1 treatments in the aspect of the C(CO ₂ ) outlet during mineralization (P ≤ 0.05), but difference between the 50 and 100 mg Pb kg^?1 treatments was not significant. NH ₄ -N and NO ₃ -N contents of each soil were shown differences between across treatments. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the addition of 50 and 100 mg Pb kg^?1 provided a toxic effect threshold for the microbial activity into 30 days.     

金门岛北部海域浮游植物的季节变动及与环境的关联

采用2013—2014年四季度月在金门岛北部海域获取的浮游植物及环境因子监测数据, 分析该区浮游植物的群落结构和季节变化及其与温度、盐度、悬浮物、营养盐、叶绿素等的关系, 初步探讨涉海工程建设对浮游植物群落的潜在影响。结果显示, 鉴定出的浮游植物隶属3门43属82种(不含未定种), 群落构成以硅藻为主, 其次是甲藻, 蓝藻仅1种。物种组成的季节差异较大, 3月物种贫乏, 1月次之, 7月和11月最丰富。四季丰度平均为47.09×103 cells/L, 1月丰度最高, 7月次之, 11月最低, 3月高于11月少许。四季优势种均为硅藻, 13个优势种分别为柔弱几内亚藻(Guinardia delicatula)、短角弯角藻(Ecampia zoodicaus)、骨条藻(Skeletonema spp.)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、微小海链藻(Thalassiosira exigua)、标志星杆藻(Asterionella notula)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、新月菱形藻(Nitzchia closterium)、派格棍形藻(Bacillaria paxillifera)、异常角毛藻(Chaetoceros abmormis)、小细柱藻(Leptocylindrus minutum)、宽角曲舟藻(Pleurosigma angulatum)和美丽曲舟藻(Pleurosigma formosum)。不同季节优势种有一定程度交错, 仅在单季占优的有6种, 有2/3在3个以上季节出现, 具槽帕拉藻、骨条藻为四季优势种。浮游植物物种多样性和均匀度总体较好, 群落结构稳定。与毗邻海区相比, 本区物种丰富度偏低, 丰度高于毗邻海区, 种类组成相似, 优势种却有较大差别。Pearson相关分析表明, 溶解无机氮及活性磷酸盐仅在1月与丰度存在极显著的正相关, 是促使丰度为四季最高的原因。涉海工程施工产生的悬浮物和冲击波是影响浮游植物群落的主要因素, 大量海洋工程建设案例表明, 施工期造成的浮游植物丰度下降趋势和优势种更替混乱在工程结束后能得以恢复。     

白蜡虫若虫口器超微结构特征与生态适应性

超微结构表明,白蜡虫雌、雄若虫口器结构相同,均由外部的口针、下唇和唇基板,以及内部的口针囊和幕骨组成,且具有以下显著特点:(1)口器具口针囊,幕骨发达;(2)上唇退化,下唇短小、不分节;(3)下颚针具T型锁紧密相扣;(4)口器刚毛稀疏,感器单一.其中,口器上、下唇退化,幕骨发达,口针束伸缩可能主要受幕骨和口针囊控制,而口器感器退化则可能与其取食行为的高度特化有关.白蜡虫雌、雄虫口针长度和直径差异不显著(P＞0.05),而1龄、2龄若虫口针长度和直径差异显著(P＜0.05).1龄若虫由于口针较短,口针束较柔软,适宜穿刺较薄的叶片,故生活在叶片上,而2龄若虫由于口针较长,口针束较为坚硬,适宜穿刺比叶片厚的树皮,故返回枝条生活,且若虫从叶片转移到枝条上生活,可能是基于寻求安全栖息地和稳定食物来源.     

Functional and Structural Characterization of Neutralizing Epitopes of Measles Virus Hemagglutinin Protein

Effective vaccination programs have dramatically reduced the number of measles-related deaths globally. Although all the available data suggest that measles eradication is biologically feasible, a structural and biochemical basis for the single serotype nature of measles virus (MV) remains to be provided. The hemagglutinin (H) protein, which binds to two discrete proteinaceous receptors, is the major neutralizing target. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing distinct epitopes on the H protein were characterized using recombinant MVs encoding the H gene from different MV genotypes. The effects of various mutations on neutralization by MAbs and virus fitness were also analyzed, identifying the location of five epitopes on the H protein structure. Our data in the present study demonstrated that the H protein of MV possesses at least two conserved effective neutralizing epitopes. One, which is a previously recognized epitope, is located near the receptor-binding site (RBS), and thus MAbs that recognize this epitope blocked the receptor binding of the H protein, whereas the other epitope is located at the position distant from the RBS. Thus, a MAb that recognizes this epitope did not inhibit the receptor binding of the H protein, rather interfered with the hemagglutinin-fusion (H-F) interaction. This epitope was suggested to play a key role for formation of a higher order of an H-F protein oligomeric structure. Our data also identified one nonconserved effective neutralizing epitope. The epitope has been masked by an N-linked sugar modification in some genotype MV strains. These data would contribute to our understanding of the antigenicity of MV and support the global elimination program of measles.     

长期植稻年限序列水稻土团聚体有机碳分布特征

通过开展有机质物理分组试验,研究了杭州湾南岸不同植稻年限序列水稻土有机碳含量的粒级分布变化特征.结果表明: 各植稻年限耕层水稻土中,土壤团聚体主要分布在微团聚体(<0.25 mm)中,其中大微团聚体(0.053～0.25 mm)随着植稻年限的增加而减少;在微团聚体(0.053~0.25 mm,<0.053 mm)中,有机碳含量随着植稻年限的增加而增加,在0.053～2 mm粒径范围内,各粒级有机碳占总有机碳比例随着粒级的减小而增加,有机碳主要集中在大微团聚体(0.053～0.25 mm)中;随着种植年限的增加,颗粒有机碳含量减少.栽培年限长的水稻土比栽培年限短的水稻土碳封存量大,早期开垦的水稻土仍有很大的固碳潜力.     

中国台湾蹦蝗属三新种及种检索表（直翅目，蝗总科，斑腿蝗科，秃蝗亚科）（英文）

记述了中国台湾蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang, 1940 3个新种。新种黄氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma huangi sp. nov. 同素木蹦蝗S. shirakii (Tinkham, 1936) 近似,但前胸背板的眼后带下缘具长方形黑斑和体较大,体长雄性为21.3~21.8 mm,雌性29.3 mm。 新种徐氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma xui sp. nov. 近似黄氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma huangisp. nov.,不同之处为前胸背板沿中隆线缺黑色纵带纹,后缘中央具浅的凹陷,前胸背板黑色眼后带下方具倾斜纹, 腹板中隔长等于最狭处。新种杨氏蹦蝗Sinopodisma yangi sp. nov. 近似台湾蹦蝗formosana (Shiraki, 1910),不同之处为体较细,黑色眼后带在前胸背板下缘具长方形突出带,向后到达腹部未端,腹板中隔长为最狭处的1.2 倍。列出了产于台湾的蹦蝗属8个种的检索表。     

药物涂层支架与金属裸支架治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床价值比较

目的:评价药物涂层支架(DES)与金属裸支架(BMS)在急性心肌梗死患者中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:选择2003年1月-2010年12月,在我院确诊的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)167例患者,其中使用BMS 65例,DES 102例。对比分析两组患者住院期间和出院后1年内的主要心血管或脑血管事件(MAACE)的发生情况及支架内血栓形成的发生率。结果:至随访结束,BMS组有1例患者猝死,5例出现复发心绞痛。DES组有1例突发急性左心衰后死亡,1例复发心绞痛和1例发生亚急性支架内血栓。结论:DES应用于STEMI具有较好的安全性,其术后MAACE发生率较BMS低。