中国兰科二新记录种

报道了中国兰科2新记录种,大花大苞兰（Sunipia grandiflora (Rolfe) P.F. Hunt）及小花石豆兰(Bulbophyllum parviflorum C.S.P. Parish &; Rchb.f.)。     

由细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）配制的小麦F1杂种优势形成机理的比较蛋白质组分析

分别以苗期（分蘖）、拔节期、抽穗期叶片和花粉母细胞减数分裂期、小孢子双—三核期、花粉粒时期的花药为材料,对由小麦CMS与恢复系杂交F1杂种优势形成机理作了比较蛋白质组分析。结果表明,F1杂种中有超亲、亲二型和低亲三种蛋白质表达类型出现,出现频率为亲二型＞低亲＞超亲。对这三种类型共17个蛋白质斑点作了质谱分析,其功能涉及DNA和蛋白质合成、能量代谢、环境防御,基因转座及光合作用等。苗期生长特性如叶鲜重、叶干重、叶片数,F1杂种倾向于双亲,没有观察到杂种优势现象,这与F1叶片中蛋白质表达多数呈亲二型相吻合。但F1中分蘖数多于双亲,因此其总鲜重、干重、总叶片数明显呈现出杂种优势,然而这种杂种优势现象与蛋白质组的变化是否有关需进一步研究。     

肺淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：肺部淋巴瘤可为原发,亦可为其他部位淋巴瘤的肺部浸润,临床上很少见。准确的影像学诊断对于采取及时的治疗措施具有重要意义,然而该病影像学表现复杂多变,容易与多种其他肺部病变混淆,以往文献对于肺部淋巴瘤的CT影像特征性表现报道不多,本文旨在探讨肺部淋巴瘤的特征性CT表现,以提高该痛影像诊断的准确率。方法：回顾性分析17例病理证实的肺淋巴瘤患者CT资料,分析特征性影像表现。结果：17例中多发者13例,单发者4例。叶段性或斑片状实变影13例,多发结节影13例,肿块状实变影8例,具有两种以上病灶的12例。特征性的征象有：病灶密度均匀（88．2％,15／17）、病灶边缘模糊（82．3％,14／17）、支气管气相（64．7％,11／17）、支气管血管柬增厚（58．8％,10／17）和CT血管造影征（41．2％,7／17）,对诊断有较大意义。结论：肺部淋巴瘤CT表现以多发、多形态病变居多,具有一定特征性影像表现,密度均匀、边缘模糊的实变、团块或结节影,具有支气管气相、支气管血管束增厚、增强扫描可见CT血管造影征等表现可高度提示本病的可能,结合病史、临床表现以及实验室检查,可提高本病的诊断准确率,对于及时开展有效的治疗措施、改善患者预后具有重要的临床意义。     

Duck egg drop syndrome virus: an emerging Tembusu-related flavivirus in China

Duck egg drop syndrome virus(DEDSV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus isolated from ducks in China.DEDSV infection mainly results in severe egg drop syndrome in domestic poultry,which leads to huge economic losses.Thus,the discovery of ways and means to combat DEDSV is urgent.Since 2010,a remarkable amount of progress concerning DEDSV research has been achieved.Here,we review current knowledge on the epidemiology,symptomatology,and pathology of DEDSV.A detailed dissection of the viral genome and polyprotein sequences,comparative analysis of viral antigenicity and the corresponding potential immunity against the virus are also summarized.Current findings indicate that DEDSV should be a distinct species from Tembusu virus.Moreover,the adaption of DEDSV in wildlife and its high homology to pathogenic flaviviruses(e.g.,West Nile virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,and dengue virus),illustrate its reemergence and potential to become a zoonotic pathogen that should not be overlooked.Detailed insight into the antigenicity and corresponding immunity against the virus is of clear significance for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs specific for DEDSV.     

Digital Gene Expression Analysis of Corky Split Vein Caused by Boron Deficiency in ‘Newhall’ Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) for Selecting Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Vascular Hypertrophy

Corky split vein caused by boron (B) deficiency in ‘Newhall’ Navel Orange was studied in the present research. The boron-deficient citrus exhibited a symptom of corky split vein in mature leaves. Morphologic and anatomical surveys at four representative phases of corky split veins showed that the symptom was the result of vascular hypertrophy. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed based on the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform, which was applied to analyze the gene expression profilings of corky split veins at four morphologic phases. Over 5.3 million clean reads per library were successfully mapped to the reference database and more than 22897 mapped genes per library were simultaneously obtained. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the expressions of genes associated with cytokinin signal transduction, cell division, vascular development, lignin biosynthesis and photosynthesis in corky split veins were all affected. The expressions of WOL and ARR12 involved in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway were up-regulated at 1^st phase of corky split vein development. Furthermore, the expressions of some cell cycle genes, CYCs and CDKB, and vascular development genes, WOX4 and VND7, were up-regulated at the following 2^nd and 3^rd phases. These findings indicated that the cytokinin signal transduction pathway may play a role in initiating symptom observed in our study.     

Reduction of In-Stent Restenosis Risk on Nickel-Free Stainless Steel by Regulating Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle

High nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel (HNNF SS) is one of the biomaterials developed recently for circumventing the in-stent restenosis (ISR) in coronary stent applications. To understand the ISR-resistance mechanism, we have conducted a comparative study of cellular and molecular responses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to HNNF SS and 316L SS (nickel-containing austenitic 316L stainless steel) which is the stent material used currently. CCK-8 analysis and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess the cellular responses (proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the gene expression profile of HUVECs exposed to HNNF SS and 316L SS, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 316L SS could activate the cellular apoptosis more efficiently and initiate an earlier entry into the S-phase of cell cycle than HNNF SS. At the molecular level, qRT-PCR results showed that the genes regulating cell apoptosis and autophagy were overexpressed on 316L SS. Further examination indicated that nickel released from 316L SS triggered the cell apoptosis via Fas-Caspase8-Caspase3 exogenous pathway. These molecular mechanisms of HUVECs present a good model for elucidating the observed cellular responses. The findings in this study furnish valuable information for understanding the mechanism of ISR-resistance on the cellular and molecular basis as well as for developing new biomedical materials for stent applications.     

Fatty Acid Binding Proteins FABP9 and FABP10 Participate in Antibacterial Responses in Chinese Mitten Crab,Eriocheir sinensis

Invertebrates rely solely on the innate immune system for defense against pathogens and other stimuli. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), members of the lipid binding proteins superfamily, play a crucial role in fatty acid transport and lipid metabolism and are also involved in gene expression induced by fatty acids. In the vertebrate immune system, FABP is involved in inflammation regulated by fatty acids through its interaction with peroxidase proliferator activate receptors (PPARs). However, the immune functions of FABP in invertebrates are not well characterized. For this reason, we investigated the immune functionality of two fatty acid binding proteins, Es-FABP9 and Es-FABP10, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). An obvious variation in the expression of Es-FABP9 and Es-FABP10 mRNA in E. sinensis was observed in hepatopancreas, gills, and hemocytes post-LPS challenge. Recombinant proteins rEs-FABP9 and rEs-FABP10 exhibited distinct bacterial binding activity and bacterial agglutination activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, bacterial growth inhibition assays demonstrated that rEs-FABP9 responds positively to the growth inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticuss and S. aureus, while rEs-FABP10 responds positively to the growth inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus subtilis. Coating of agarose beads with recombinant rEs-FABP9 and rEs-FABP10 dramatically enhanced encapsulation of the beads by crab hemocytes in vitro. In conclusion, the data presented here demonstrate the participation of these two lipid metabolism-related proteins in the innate immune system of E. sinensis.     

Educational Level,Obesity and Incidence of Diabetes among Chinese Adult Men and Women Aged 18–59 Years Old: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study

Objective

To determine whether educational level and overweight/obesity was associated with the development of diabetes among Chinese adult men and women.

Methods

A cohort (2000–2011) of 10 704 participants aged 18–59 years (8 238 men, 2 466 women) in Qingdao Port Health Study (QPHS) were recruited in this study. The personal lifestyle, height, weight, waist circumference, resting heart rate, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma uric acid were collected annually in a comprehensive health checkup program. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of factors and incidence of diabetes.

Results

During 110 825 person-years of follow-up, 1 056 new onset cases (9.5 per 1 000 person-years) of diabetes were identified. With normal weight as reference, the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) of diabetes was 1.69(1.38–2.09) for overweight and 2.24(1.66–3.02) for obesity among men, which was 1.81(1.12–2.92) and 2.58(1.37–4.86) among women, respectively. Compared with the participants with high educational level, those with low educational level had a higher risk of diabetes (multiple-adjusted HR (95%CI): 1.43(1.11–1.86)) among men. The association was not found among women and the adjusted HR (95%CI) of diabetes was 1.56(0.89–2.76). The increased risks of low educational level were independent of mediators among men, through normal weight (P for trend = 0.0313) and overweight (P for trend = 0.0212) group but not obesity group (P for trend = 0.0957).

Conclusion

Baseline overweight/obesity was an independent risk factor for diabetes for both men and women. Low educational level was adversely associated with incidence of diabetes through normal weight, overweight and obesity groups, with the association being substantially attenuated by mediating factors only in the obesity group among men. The association was not found among women.     

Pollen size strongly correlates with stigma depth among Pedicularis species

Darwin proposed that pollen size should be positively correlated with stigma depth rather than style length among species given that pollen tubes first enter the stigma autotrophically, then grow through the style heterotrophically. However, studies often show a positive relationship between pollen size and style length.Five floral traits were observed to be correlated among42 bumblebee-pollinated Pedicularis species(Orobanchaceae) in which stigmas are distinct from styles. The phylogenetic independent contrast analysis revealed that pollen grain volume was more strongly correlated with stigma depth than with style length, consistent with Darwin's functional hypothesis between pollen size and stigma depth.