Morphological, vocal and genetic divergence in the Cettia acanthizoides complex (Aves: Cettiidae)

We used morphological, vocal and molecular (one mitochondrial and two nuclear loci) data to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of the taxa acanthizoides , concolor , and brunnescens in the Cettia acanthizoides (J. Verreaux, 1871) complex. We conclude that all three are valid taxa, and that acanthizoides of China and concolor of Taiwan are best treated as conspecific, whereas brunnescens of the Himalayas is better considered as a separate species. The degree of morphological, vocal, and genetic differentiation is variably congruent among all taxa; the recently separated acanthizoides and concolor differ slightly in plumage and structure but are indistinguishable in vocalizations, whereas the earlier diverged brunnescens and acanthizoides/concolor differ only slightly more in morphology but to a much greater degree in vocalizations. We stress the essential nature of taxonomic revisions as a prerequisite for the biodiversity estimates required for conservation planning.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 149 , 437–452.     

基于26S rDNAD1/D2区序列分析的15株白地霉分子分类学研究

采用26S rRNA基因D1/D2区系统发育分析的方法对CICC(中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心)保藏的15株白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)菌种进行复核鉴定。系统发育分析结果表明15株白地霉属于地霉属的成员,且形成两个系统发育分支,系统发育上最接近Galactomyces geotrichum NRRLY-17569T,与其同源性为96.3%～98.3%。15株白地霉26S rRNA基因D1/D2区序列显著不同于地霉属的模式种及其它种,可能代表地霉属的两个新种,但这一结论尚需进一步的实验去证实。     

大菱鲆白化相关基因(DEN-1、DEN-2)的分离鉴定及特征分析

应用mRNA差异显示技术,对比研究正常与白化大菱鲆有眼侧皮肤组织,克隆差异表达基因,经测序,RT-PCR验证,差异表达基因片段DEN-1(GenBank登录号:DQ886390)与DEN-2(GenBank登录号:DQ886391)均在白化大菱鲆有眼侧皮肤组织中下调表达;通过BLAST检索发现,DEN-1与GenBank中的斑马鱼和牛的类似尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖:糖蛋白葡糖基转移酶(UGGT)基因、与挪威鼠类似尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖:神经酰氨葡糖基转移酶1(Ugcgl1)基因有较高同源性;DEN-2与原鸡、斑马鱼、人、挪威鼠、家鼠和狗的眼缺乏同源框4(eya4)基因的同源性均较高。采用相对定量RT-PCR对正常鱼有眼侧皮肤(N1)、白化鱼有眼侧皮肤(A1)、正常鱼无眼侧皮肤(N2)、白化鱼无眼侧皮肤(A2)进行表达谱分析,以内参β-actin基因分别对DEN-1和DEN-2表达量进行标准化的光密度扫描显示:DEN-1和DEN-2在4种皮肤组织中有相似的表达模式,即表达量:N1>N2≈A2>A1。电子延伸将DEN-2延伸为497bp的片段,该延伸片段与多种动物的eya4基因在核酸和蛋白水平均有很高同源性。本研究对DEN-1和DEN-2的不同组织器官和不同发育阶段的电子表达谱分析,将对其进一步研究提供有价值参考。     

日本血吸虫信号转导蛋白Sjwnt_4基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

由Wnt基因家族产物与其它相关基因产物构成的Wnt信号通路,是细胞发育和生长调节的一个关键途径,对动物的发育特别是生殖系统的发育起重要的调节作用。在人类和小鼠中,Wnt4蛋白是性腺分化过程中主要调节因子,在胚胎发育中起着关键作用。利用RACE技术从日本血吸虫19d童虫中首次扩增到一个Wnt家族基因,序列分析表明该基因的完整编码框含1311bp,编码436个氨基酸,理论分子量49.6kD。同源性分析结果表明,该基因的氨基酸序列具有典型Wnt家族蛋白特征,与日本三角涡虫、人Wnt4的氨基酸序列相似性分别达43％、37％,推测为血吸虫的Wnt4基因,命名为Sjwnt4（GenBank登陆号DQ643829）。实时定量PCR分析显示该基因在14d童虫、19d童虫、31d虫体、44d雌虫及44d雄虫中均有表达,其中19d童虫中的表达量明显高于其它发育阶段,44d雌虫中的表达量明显高于雄虫。构建了该基因的原核表达载体pGEX_4T_2_Sjwnt4,应用大肠杆菌系统进行了表达,表达蛋白以包涵体形式存在,Western印迹显示表达产物能被日本血吸虫成虫粗抗原免疫血清所识别。Sjwnt4基因及其表达产物的获得,为探索Wnt信号通路对血吸虫发育、生殖的调节提供了重要基础。     

花鱼骨 和唇鱼骨 的含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

利用国内外通用的营养测试方法测定了花[鱼骨]（Hemibarbus maculates）和唇[鱼骨]（Hemibarbu labeo）的含肉率和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：花[鱼骨]和唇[鱼骨]含肉率分别是70.61%7、1.52%;花[鱼骨]肌肉（鲜样）中蛋白质（18.41%）和脂肪含量（2.46%）显著高于唇[鱼骨]的,而花[鱼骨]的灰分含量要显著低于唇[鱼骨];水分含量分别是78.35%、78.51%,两者无显著差异。花[鱼骨]和唇[鱼骨]肌肉中脂肪酸种类丰富,饱和脂肪酸（SFA）4种,不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）7种;其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）4种,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）3种;其中DHA含量高达5.00%和14.32%。花和唇肌肉中的氨基酸总量分别是63.07%和67.63%,呈味氨基酸分别为25.96%和26.30%。缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为限制性氨基酸。     

非线性种群反应扩散系统奇摄动ROBIN问题

研究了一类具有非线性种群反应扩散系统奇摄动Robin初始边值问题.在适当的条件下,利用微分不等式理论,讨论了问题解的存在性和渐近性态.     

重楼排草的化学成分研究

从报春花科植物重楼排草（L.Paridiformis Frach）的全株中分离得到了7个化合物。应用各种理化方法及光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。分别鉴定为：希克拉敏A-3-O-｜β-D-吡喃木糖基．（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]｜}-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（1）、3β-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-（1→2）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）]。[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→2）]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-16α-羟基-13β,28-环氧-齐墩果烷（2）、异鼠李素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→）β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（3）、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷]（4）、β-香树素（5）、β-香树素乙酸酯（6）、三十二烷醇（7）。其中1、2、3、4均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Rabies Virus from Human Patients

Saliva and blood were collected from two patients who had not received post exposure prophylaxis in the cities of Wenzhou and Xinning respectively. Both patients were confirmed as positive for rabies by detection of rabies virus specific nucleoprotein antibodies in the sera by Western Blot. However, rabies virus specific RNA was only identified in the saliva collected from the patient in Wenzhou. Furthermore, the isolate Zhejiang Wz0 (H) was obtained by inoculating one-day-old suckling mice. Both nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes from the isolate were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to classic rabies virus, and shared a higher homology with the street viruses from dogs in the main endemic areas in China and the street virus from dogs in Indonesia than with other known strains. Further comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences between the isolate and the vaccine strains used in China showed that the virus had a higher level of homology with the vaccine strain CTN than with the other vaccine strains (3aG, PV, PM and ERA). In particular, amino acid residues substitutions located in antigenic site Ⅲ in the G protein, which could react with the neutralizing antibodies, were observed. These results suggested that the virus belonged to the classic rabies virus, and both N and G genes diverged from the current vaccine strains used in China at either the nucleotide or the amino acid level.     

苦瓜的营养价值、化学成分以及药理作用研究进展

本文总结了半个多世纪来国内外学者对苦瓜的研究,为苦瓜进一步开发提供了借鉴。     

猪冠状动脉前降支结扎位点和左室功能的线性回归

目的探讨猪冠状动脉前降支(LAD)结扎百分位点和心梗体积、左室射血分数的关系,以期指导研究者能够根据急性心肌梗死模型的心功能要求选择合适的LAD结扎百分位点。方法将47只小型猪开胸结扎心脏LAD中远段约30%~75%的不同百分位点,分别于术前、术后1 h心脏超声检查左室射血分数(LVEF),术后3 d进行常规冠状动脉造影,4周处死测量前降支结扎位点和梗死体积,最后用简单直线回归模型分析LAD结扎百分位点和心梗体积、左室射血分数回归方程和相关系数。结果47例动物手术过程中死亡8只,剩余39只存活动物冠状动脉造影均显示LAD中远段结扎部位处完全闭塞,表明手术成功。LAD结扎百分位点和术后1 h LVEF、术后1 hLVEF下降值、梗死心肌体积均明显相关(相关系数r分别为0.87、0.78和0.90,P均<0.001),其回归方程分别为:术后LVEF(%)=65.88-0.55x结扎百分位点;术后LVEF下降值(%)=0.12 0.59x结扎百分位点;心肌梗死体积(%)=0.53x结扎百分位点-5.43。结论猪LAD结扎百分位点和术后左室功能、梗死心肌体积均存在显著的相关性,可根据实验目的和对心功能的要求选择合适的结扎百分位点。