染料木素对铅诱导的PC12 细胞毒性的抑制效应研究

目的:探讨染料木素对铅诱导的细胞毒性的影响。方法:PC12细胞分为对照组、染铅组、染料木素组以及铅加染料木素组;MTT实验检测细胞活力的改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平的变化,荧光探针检测线粒体形态的改变,Western blot方法检测线粒体融合分裂相关蛋白表达水平的变化。结果:铅可诱导PC12细胞活力的下降以及细胞凋亡率的显著增高,染料木素可抑制铅的这些毒性效应。与此同时,铅可诱导线粒体形态的损伤性改变,线粒体融合减少,分裂增多;而加入染料木素之后,线粒体损伤程度显著下降,线粒体分裂减少,融合增多。此外,线粒体融合相关蛋白Mfn2的水平在铅暴露后显著下降,而线粒体分裂相关蛋白Drp1的水平在铅暴露后显著升高,染料木素干预后均有所恢复。结论:染料木素可抑制铅诱导的PC12细胞毒性,其作用可能与其对线粒体融合分裂过程的干预有关。     

131 例住院肺炎患儿细菌感染现况及耐药谱分析

目的:分析住院肺炎患儿的病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法:选择2009年6月至2010年5月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院儿科住院的791例肺炎患儿,采取下呼吸道痰液标本,进行细菌培养及药敏试验。结果:16.56%(131/791)患儿被确诊为细菌性肺炎并且有明确的病原,其中,革兰阴性菌感染为75.57%(99/131),且以肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌多见;革兰阳性菌感染为21.37%(28/131),以肺炎链球菌多见;真菌感染为6.87%(9/131),均为白色假丝酵母;9.92%(13/131)的患儿存在两种及以两种上病原菌感染。鲍曼不动杆菌和肠杆菌对头孢类抗生素耐药严重,部分肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌产β-内酰胺酶(BLA),葡萄球菌属耐青霉素G,肠球菌对氯洁霉素、红霉素和复方新诺明耐药率100%,而肺炎链球菌对红霉素耐药率100%。真菌对常用抗菌药的耐药率为0。结论:我院住院肺炎患儿细菌性为16.56%。病原菌构成以革兰阴性菌为主,并且大多数病原菌耐药。临床应根据痰液细菌培养和药敏结果,合理选择抗菌药物,以减少细菌耐药性,防止滥用抗生素。     

微型移动导管手术室的民用模式研究

微型移动导管手术室是为适应野战条件下心血管急重伤病的快速诊治而研制的新型医疗设备。本文主要研究探讨该微型移动导管手术室的民用模式,包括针对STEMI病人的人机一体化反送救治模式,突发事件中伤员的现场救治模式,重要活动的卫生安全保障模式以及对三线以下城市乡镇的医疗巡诊模式。     

老年高血压脑出血的微创治疗分析

目的:探讨微创手术与传统开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血的手术效果。方法:回顾性分析自2005年5月至2009年7月期间开颅手术39例和微创手术治疗44例高血压脑出血的疗效,比较两种方式的优劣。结果:开颅手术组和微创手术组均获得了较好的疗效,两者相比未见有明显的差别。结论:微创手术组和开颅手术比较未见明显的疗效差异,微创手术手术简单,创伤面积小,费用较低,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

口腔修复膜植入预防腮腺手术后Frey综合征

目的:观察口腔修复膜(异种脱细胞真皮基质)植入对腮腺术后Frey综合征的预防作用。方法:我科近五年来施行的腮腺手术病人共75例,其中35例选择在皮瓣与腮腺床之间植入口腔修复膜,术后随访1-2年,以患者主观症状判断是否存在Frey综合征。结果:在未使用口腔修复膜的患者中,有29例(72.5%)出现Frey综合征的症状,在使用修复膜的患者中只有1例(2.9%)出现症状。两组之间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:口腔修复膜(异种脱细胞真皮基质)能有效预防腮腺手术后Frey综合征的发生。     

Pyrosequencing reveals highly diverse and species-specific microbial communities in sponges from the Red Sea

Marine sponges are associated with a remarkable array of microorganisms. Using a tag pyrosequencing technology, this study was the first to investigate in depth the microbial communities associated with three Red Sea sponges, Hyrtios erectus, Stylissa carteri and Xestospongia testudinaria. We revealed highly diverse sponge-associated bacterial communities with up to 1000 microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and richness estimates of up to 2000 species. Altogether, 26 bacterial phyla were detected from the Red Sea sponges, 11 of which were absent from the surrounding sea water and 4 were recorded in sponges for the first time. Up to 100 OTUs with richness estimates of up to 300 archaeal species were revealed from a single sponge species. This is by far the highest archaeal diversity ever recorded for sponges. A non-negligible proportion of unclassified reads was observed in sponges. Our results demonstrated that the sponge-associated microbial communities remained highly consistent in the same sponge species from different locations, although they varied at different degrees among different sponge species. A significant proportion of the tag sequences from the sponges could be assigned to one of the sponge-specific clusters previously defined. In addition, the sponge-associated microbial communities were consistently divergent from those present in the surrounding sea water. Our results suggest that the Red Sea sponges possess highly sponge-specific or even sponge-species-specific microbial communities that are resistant to environmental disturbance, and much of their microbial diversity remains to be explored.     

Acute toxicity of the antifouling compound butenolide in non-target organisms

Butenolide [5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one] is a recently discovered and very promising anti-marine-fouling compound. In this study, the acute toxicity of butenolide was assessed in several non-target organisms, including micro algae, crustaceans, and fish. Results were compared with previously reported results on the effective concentrations used on fouling (target) organisms. According to OECD's guideline, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was 0.168 μg l(-1), which was among one of the highest in representative new biocides. Mechanistically, the phenotype of butenolide-treated Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos was similar to the phenotype of the pro-caspase-3 over-expression mutant with pericardial edema, small eyes, small brains, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the bodies of zebrafish embryos. Butenolide also induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), Bcl-2 family proteins, and caspases and proteasomes/lysosomes involved in this process. This is the first detailed toxicity and toxicology study on this antifouling compound.     

Deep Sequencing of Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) methanophila, an Epibiotic Sponge on Cold-Seep Tubeworms, Reveals Methylotrophic, Thiotrophic, and Putative Hydrocarbon-Degrading Microbial Associations

The encrusting sponge Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) methanophila (Poecilosclerida: Myxillidae) is an epibiont on vestimentiferan tubeworms at hydrocarbon seeps on the upper Louisiana slope of the Gulf of Mexico. It has long been suggested that this sponge harbors methylotrophic bacteria due to its low δ ¹³C value and high methanol dehydrogenase activity, yet the full community of microbial associations in M. methanophila remained uncharacterized. In this study, we sequenced 16S rRNA genes representing the microbial community in M. methanophila collected from two hydrocarbon-seep sites (GC234 and Bush Hill) using both Sanger sequencing and next-generation 454 pyrosequencing technologies. Additionally, we compared the microbial community in M. methanophila to that of the biofilm collected from the associated tubeworm. Our results revealed that the microbial diversity in the sponges from both sites was low but the community structure was largely similar, showing a high proportion of methylotrophic bacteria of the genus Methylohalomonas and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria of the genera Cycloclasticus and Neptunomonas. Furthermore, the sponge microbial clone library revealed the dominance of thioautotrophic gammaproteobacterial symbionts in M. methanophila. In contrast, the biofilm communities on the tubeworms were more diverse and dominated by the chemoorganotrophic Moritella at GC234 and methylotrophic Methylomonas and Methylohalomonas at Bush Hill. Overall, our study provides evidence to support previous suggestion that M. methanophila harbors methylotrophic symbionts and also reveals the association of PAH-degrading and thioautotrophic microbes in the sponge.     

实验动物树鼩和人类疾病的树鼩模型研究概述

动物模型在生物医学领域(如回答人体各种重大生物学问题、解析人类疾病机理和新药研发等方面)已经做出了不可替代的巨大贡献。转化医学存在的问题使得树鼩(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)实验动物重新得到重视;人类疾病的树鼩模型也再次受到越来越多的关注。该文综述了国内外特别是近年来我国树鼩研究进展,包括树鼩基础生物学及动物模型方面取得的成绩,并分析了该领域目前存在的困难和问题,探讨了未来的一些研究方向。