没食子酸对魔芋葡甘露聚糖的酯化改性研究

用乙酰化的没食子酸对魔芋葡甘露聚糖进行酯化改性,考察了反应底物比例对其改性效果的影响.结果表明,反应底物比例不同的改性魔芋葡甘露聚糖的酯化度、水溶性、稳定性、粘度均发生不同程度的改变;当反应底物魔芋葡甘露聚糖与三乙酰没食子酰氯的质量比为1∶ 3.6时,改性魔芋葡甘露聚糖的酯化度达到0 6281.醋酸钠法对改性魔芋葡甘露聚糖中的三乙酰基具有一定的脱除效果.研究结果可为魔芋葡甘露聚糖的改性和精细化利用提供参考数据.     

密点麻蜥几种组织SDH和LDH活性对温度的适应

研究了密点麻蜥肝脏、骨骼肌、大脑组织中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性对温度的依赖关系.结果表明:密点麻蜥3种组织中SDH在5～35℃范围内随温度的升高而升高,在35℃时达到峰值后随着温度的升高而下降,35℃可能为SDH的最适温度;3种组织的LDH活性随温度的升高而升高;大脑中的SDH和LDH活性最高.这表明SDH和LDH的活性与动物组织的能量代谢相适应.     

四川甘洛马鞍山自然保护区两栖爬行动物初步调查

2008年7～8月,采用样线法对四川甘洛县马鞍山自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了初步调查,共调查到该保护区两栖爬行类动物15种.其中,两栖动物10种,隶属于2目6科,均属我国特有种,并且古老物种的比例较高,占所调查到的两栖动物总种数的40.0%;爬行动物5种,隶属于1目3科,其中3种为我国特有种.此区所产两栖爬行动物均属东洋界物种.其中大凉疣螈为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,其他种类均属国家"三有"动物.     

APP5肽对糖尿病小鼠学习记忆功能与海马神经元蛋白表达的影响

目的研究APP5肽对糖尿病模型小鼠学习记忆能力及海马神经元蛋白表达的影响。方法用链脲佐菌素诱发小鼠糖尿病模型,应用APP5肽（0.0014 mg/kg）皮下注射治疗,5周后进行Morris水迷宫试验;小鼠脑组织海马做Akt、PI3K、P-CREB、Bcl-2、Bax、CytoC免疫组织化学染色;另一部分鼠脑海马,做Bcl-2、Bax抗体蛋白免疫印记。结果（1）水迷宫试验：糖尿病模型小鼠到达站台游动时间比正常对照组延长（P〈0.01）;而APP5肽皮下注射治疗组较DM组动物分别缩短（P〈0.01）。（2）神经免疫组织化学实验和Western blot：给予APP5肽糖尿病小鼠与对照组小鼠海马组织内神经元表达细胞存活相关蛋白及抗凋亡相关蛋白PI3K、Akt、P-CREB、Bcl-2阳性细胞数相似,明显高于糖尿病小鼠（P〈0.01）;APP5肽给予糖尿病小鼠与对照组小鼠表达凋亡蛋白Bax、cytoC阳性细胞数相似,明显少于糖尿病小鼠（P〈0.01）。Western blot结果相同。结论糖尿病小鼠海马神经元表达细胞存活相关蛋白下降,神经元表达细胞凋亡相关蛋白增加,导致其学习记忆能力下降。APP5肽应用可以使上述蛋白恢复到接近正常,从而改善糖尿病小鼠学习记忆能力。     

两个品系普通级和SPF级小型猪部分血液学指标的比较

目的了解不同微生物控制程度（屏障环境和普通环境）对小型猪部分血液学和生化指标的影响。方法分别对10只SPF（无特定病原体）级五指山小型猪、10只普通级五指山小型猪和10只SPF级广西巴马小型猪1、0只普通级广西巴马小型猪测定13项血液学指标和21项血清生化指标。结果普通级小型猪红细胞数（RBC）、血球比积（HCT）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）低于SPF级小型猪,白细胞数（WBC）、天门冬氨酸转移酶（AST）高于SPF级小型猪（P〈0.05）;且部分指标在不同品种间有差别。结论普通级小型猪和SPF级小型猪部分血液学和血清生化指标等生物学特性存在显著差异。     

光照对蛇足石杉某些生理生化指标的影响

蛇足石杉[Huperzia serrata (Thunb.ex Murray) Trev.]是石杉科(Huperziaceae)石杉属(Huperzia Bernh.)植物,其含有的药用成分石杉碱甲是一种高效胆碱酯酶抑制剂,可用于治疗老年人记忆减退、早老性痴呆症及重症肌无力症等[1],目前,已有学者将石杉碱甲开发成治疗早老性痴呆症的一类新药.     

大鼠肝脏过氧化氢酶的分离纯化及性质

根据过氧化氢酶的催化特性,采用盐析,透析,离心等技术,从大鼠肝脏中分离纯化过氧化氢酶,提纯倍数达到26倍,酶活性回收率为57%。为一般实验室分离纯化大鼠过氧化氢酶提供了一种有效的方法。酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适温度为37℃,最适pH值为7.5,在此条件下,以过氧化氢为底物的Km值为56 mmol.L-1。     

SD大鼠和Wistar大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎发病情况比较

目的比较Wistar大鼠和Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）发病情况。方法注射以豚鼠脊髓匀浆-完全福氏佐剂制备的完全抗原,辅以百日咳疫苗加强诱导,复制Wistar大鼠和SD大鼠EAE模型,比较两组大鼠EAE的神经症状及中枢神经不同部位病理学改变。结果Wistar大鼠组发病数、潜伏期、发病达峰时间以及神经症状最高评分分别为9/12、12.33±1.37、15.17±3.19、1.33±0.41;SD大鼠组分别为11/12、15.88±0.64、18.63±1.52、3.13±1.89;两组大鼠相比,SD大鼠EAE潜伏期延长（P〈0.01）,达峰时间相应推迟（P〈0.05）,但神经症状较Wistar大鼠严重（P〈0.05）;病理结果显示,两组大鼠CNS均以脑干病理改变最为严重,而大脑病变最轻,SD大鼠总体中枢系统炎症改变较Wistar大鼠严重（标准评分P〈0.01,血管套计数P〈0.05）。结论SD大鼠EAE与Wistar大鼠EAE比较,发病过程很相似：发病率接近,中枢炎症病理改变相仿,两者均以脑干炎症变化最严重;略有不同点是：SD大鼠EAE发病潜伏期较长（P〈0.01）,神经症状较严重（P〈0.05）,总体中枢炎症改变较为严重。故SD大鼠也是制备EAE模型的理想实验动物。     

Identification of a methyltransferase encoded by gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">stel16</Emphasis> and its function in Ebosin biosynthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis> sp. 139

Streptomyces sp. 139 generates a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) designated as Ebosin, which exerts an antagonistic effect on IL-1R in vitro and anti-rheumatic arthritis activity in vivo. A ste gene cluster for Ebosin biosynthesis consisting of 27 ORFs was previously identified in our laboratory. In this paper, ste16 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the recombinant protein was purified, which has the ability to catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucos, which was thus identified as a methyltransferase. In order to determine the function of ste16 in Ebosin biosynthesis, the gene was disrupted with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The monosaccharide composition of EPS-m generated by the mutant strain Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste16) was found to differ from that of Ebosin. The IL-1R antagonist activity of EPS-m was markedly lower than that of Ebosin. These experimental results have shown that the ste16 gene codes for a methyltransferase which is involved in Ebosin biosynthesis. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

Changes in fertilizer-induced direct N2O emissions from paddy fields during rice-growing season in China between 1950s and 1990s

Nitrogen fertilizer‐induced direct nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions depend on water regimes in paddy fields, such as seasonal continuous flooding (F), flooding–midseason drainage–reflooding (F‐D‐F), and flooding–midseason drainage–reflooding–moist intermittent irrigation but without water logging (F‐D‐F‐M). In order to estimate the changes in direct N₂O emission from paddy fields during the rice‐growing season in Mainland of China between the 1950s and the 1990s, the country‐specific emission factors of N₂O‐N under different water regimes combined with rice production data were adopted in the present study. Census statistics on rice production showed that water management and nitrogen input regimes have changed in rice paddies since the 1950s. During the 1950s–1970s, about 20–25% of the rice paddy was continuously waterlogged, and 75–80% under the water regime of F‐D‐F. Since the 1980s, about 12–16%, 77%, and 7–12% of paddy fields were under the water regimes of F, F‐D‐F, and F‐D‐F‐M, respectively. Total nitrogen input during the rice‐growing season has increased from 87.5 kg N ha⁻¹ in the 1950s to 224.6 kg N ha⁻¹ in the 1990s. The emission factors of N₂O‐N were estimated to be 0.02%, 0.42%, and 0.73% for rice paddies under the F, F‐D‐F, and F‐D‐F‐M water regimes, respectively. Seasonal N₂O emissions have increased from 9.6 Gg N₂O‐N each year in the 1950s to 32.3 Gg N₂O‐N in the 1990s, which is accompanied by the increase in rice yield over the period 1950s–1990s. The uncertainties in N₂O estimate were estimated to be 59.8% in the 1950s and 37.5% in the 1990s. In the 1990s, N₂O emissions during the rice‐growing season accounted for 8–11% of the reported annual total of N₂O emissions from croplands in China, suggesting that paddy rice development could have contributed to mitigating agricultural N₂O emissions in the past decades. However, seasonal N₂O emissions would be increased, given that saving‐water irrigation and nitrogen inputs are increasingly adopted in rice paddies in China.