西藏墨脱地区6种鸟类种和亚种的新分布记录

2018年10月至2021年10月,在西藏墨脱县开展鸟类多样性调查期间记录到6种鸟类新分布,分别是大蓝仙鹟 (Cyornis magnirostris)、黄嘴角鸮 (Otus spilocephalus)、金胸雀鹛指名亚种 (Lioparus chrysotis chrysotis)、细嘴钩嘴鹛Sintextus亚种 (Pomatorhinus superciliaris intextus)、白喉姬鹟指名亚种 (Anthipes monileger monileger)、棕胸雅鹛assamense亚种 (Trichastoma tickelli assamense)。     

Profile-based string kernels for remote homology detection and motif extraction

We introduce novel profile-based string kernels for use with support vector machines (SVMs) for the problems of protein classification and remote homology detection. These kernels use probabilistic profiles, such as those produced by the PSI-BLAST algorithm, to define position-dependent mutation neighborhoods along protein sequences for inexact matching of k-length subsequences ("k-mers") in the data. By use of an efficient data structure, the kernels are fast to compute once the profiles have been obtained. For example, the time needed to run PSI-BLAST in order to build the profiles is significantly longer than both the kernel computation time and the SVM training time. We present remote homology detection experiments based on the SCOP database where we show that profile-based string kernels used with SVM classifiers strongly outperform all recently presented supervised SVM methods. We further examine how to incorporate predicted secondary structure information into the profile kernel to obtain a small but significant performance improvement. We also show how we can use the learned SVM classifier to extract "discriminative sequence motifs"--short regions of the original profile that contribute almost all the weight of the SVM classification score--and show that these discriminative motifs correspond to meaningful structural features in the protein data. The use of PSI-BLAST profiles can be seen as a semi-supervised learning technique, since PSI-BLAST leverages unlabeled data from a large sequence database to build more informative profiles. Recently presented "cluster kernels" give general semi-supervised methods for improving SVM protein classification performance. We show that our profile kernel results also outperform cluster kernels while providing much better scalability to large datasets.     

亚抑菌浓度头孢西丁对耐药质粒接合转移的影响

目的探讨亚抑菌浓度头孢西丁对耐药质粒接合转移的影响,研究病原菌耐药性播散的产生机制。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析临床分离的63株产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌株SHV型β-内酰胺酶编码基因。质粒接合转移试验采用肉汤接合法。研究不同亚抑菌浓度头孢西丁（0、1、0.5、0.25、0.125μg/ml）和不同作用时间（2、4、6、8、10、12 h）下临床产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌株供体菌与受体菌E.coliC600接合转移频率的变化。结果63株临床分离的产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌株有41株扩增出SHV型基因,阳性率为65.08%。随着亚抑菌浓度头孢西丁作用时间的增加,接合转移频率有随之增加的趋势。在相同作用时间下,头孢西丁浓度0.125μg/ml作用下的接合转移频率高于其他亚抑菌浓度的作用。结论应合理使用抗菌药物,减少抗菌药物的选择性压力,防止耐药细菌传播。     

Screening of a High Growth Influenza B Virus Strain in Vero Cells

Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs,the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus.The Vero cell is one of the ideal options since it was used for producing many kinds of human vaccines.However,most of the influenza viruses can not grow well in Vero cells.To develop a new influenza vaccine with Vero cells as a substrate,the virus needs to adapt to th...     

纹状体神经通路与运动调控

纹状体(striatum)是机体运动中枢的关键组成部分,对机体随意运动、非意识性运动、肌张力、身体姿态、精细运动等调节均发挥重要作用。纹状体功能异常导致运动失调:一类为运动减少,肌张力亢进,如帕金森病;另一类为运动过多,肌张力不足,如舞蹈病。一般认为,纹状体接收大脑运动皮层传来的运动相关信号,经其加工处理后,经丘脑返传回运动皮层,最终由运动皮层发出运动执行信号,经锥体系完成运动。可见,纹状体的运动调控功能有赖于复杂的神经通路系统。本文综述近几年来有关纹状体神经通路与运动调控的研究进展,以期更深入理解纹状体运动调控神经机制及其与临床疾病的关系。     

阿尔泰山南坡种子植物区系特点分析

阿尔泰山脉地处亚洲中部,斜跨中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦四国国境,生态环境良好,植物资源丰富。本文在查阅文献资料的基础上,结合野外实地调查,比较了中国新疆、俄罗斯、蒙古及哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山野生种子植物的种类、组成及其分布区类型的差异,分析了四地阿尔泰山野生种子植物的相似性与差异性。结果显示:(1)四地阿尔泰山野生种子植物资源丰富,按丰富度大小依次为:俄罗斯阿尔泰山蒙古阿尔泰山中国新疆阿尔泰山哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山。(2)含1种和2~10种的科和属在四地阿尔泰山的科和属种都具有绝对优势。(3)四地阿尔泰山种子植物科的分布区类型均以世界分布型和北温带分布型为主;在属级水平上,以北温带分布型、旧世界温带分布型、世界分布型和地中海、西亚至中亚分布型为主。(4)四地阿尔泰山种子植物科和属的相似性系数都超过了50%,说明四地阿尔泰山的亲缘关系密切。研究表明,四地阿尔泰山种子植物区系存在一定的差异,中国新疆阿尔泰山对整个阿尔泰山的各个植物区系的接触、混合和特化起桥梁作用。     

Ganglioside GM3 modulates conformation of reconstituted Ca~(2 ) -ATPase

Using steady-state fluorescence and nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence techniques, the Ca 2 -ATPase conformational changes induced by ganglioside GM3 were studied with different quenchers. The results showed that GM3 could significantly increase the lifetime of intrinsic fluorescence of Ca2 -ATPase reconstituted into proteoliposomes, and could also weaken the intrinsic fluorescence quenching by KI or hypocrellin B, HB. Further-more, by using quenching kinetic analysis of the time-resolved fluorescence, in the presence of GM3, the quenching constant (Ksv) and quenching efficiency were significantly lowered. The obtained results suggest that the oligosaccha-ride chain and the ceramide moieties of the GM3 molecule could interact with its counterparts of the Ca2 -ATPase re-spectively, thus change the conformation of the hydrophobic domain of the enzyme, making the tryptophan residues in different regions shift towards the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface, and hence shorten the distance between the hy     

胃印戒细胞癌与非印戒细胞癌临床病理分析

目的：通过比较胃印戒细胞癌与非印戒细胞癌的临床特征与病理资料,探讨胃印戒细胞癌的临床特征,病理特点及预后。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2007年1月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院住院治疗的1138例胃癌患者临床资料,根据组织学类型分为胃印戒细胞癌组和非印戒细胞癌扣对两组的性别、年龄、家族史、肿瘤发生部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及根治术后中位进展时间、1年生存率和3年生存率进行统计分析比较。结果：胃印戒细胞癌好发于女性（P〈0．05）;年龄≤55岁的患者发病率高于非印戒细胞癌（P〈0．05）,≥56岁的患者发病率低于非印戒细胞癌（P〈0．05）;肿块生长部位以胃中下部为主（P〈0．05）,侵犯胃上部者明显少于非印戒细胞癌（P〈0．05）;胃印戒细胞癌多数在胃壁组织内呈弥漫浸润性生长,垂直浸润能力较弱,突破浆膜层者明显少于非印戒细胞癌（P〈0．05）;根治术后中位进展时间胃印戒细胞癌（10个月）较非印戒细胞癌（12个月）提前2个月,进展风险增加（P〈0．05）;胃印戒细胞癌在家族史、淋巴结转移、远处转移及根治术后1年和3年生存率方面与非印戒细胞癌比较无差异。结论：胃印戒细胞癌多发于中青年女性;好发年龄小于56岁;发病部位以胃中下部为主;多呈弥漫性浸润性生长,且较少突破浆膜层;中位进展时间短,进展风险高。     

锡金海棠子叶再生体系的建立

锡金海[Malussikkimensis（Wenz．）Koehne]是我国稀有植物和优良苹果砧木种质资源。本研究探讨了影响锡金海棠离体再生的条件,建立了锡金海棠子叶高效离体再生体系。结果表明,子叶再生体系的最佳诱导培养基SC＋0．1mg·L-1 NAA＋2．0mg·L-1 TDZ,最佳分化培养基SC＋0．1mg·L-1 NAA＋1．5mg·L-1 TDZ,最佳继代增殖培养基SC＋2．0mg·L-1 6-BA＋0．2mg·L-1 NAA,最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋I．0mg·L-1 IBA。炼苗后,移入珍珠岩、花生壳与草炭（1：1：1）的基质中,20d移栽成活率高达90％。     

G蛋白偶联受体在不同表达系统中高水平表达的研究进展

G蛋白偶联受体(guanosine-binding protein coupled receptors,GPCRs)是一大类膜蛋白超级家族,具有7个跨膜域的特殊结构,并在机体内发挥着重要的生理作用.目前的研究主要集中在蛋白结构、功能、药物筛选等方面,然而,GPCRs在研究中也可以作为受体配基检测的重要工具.GPCRs体内本底含量很低,如果需要大量的GPCRs活性蛋白进行应用研究,体外异源表达是一种重要途径.通过对GPCRs在不同表达系统的高水平表达策略进行综述,将为GPCRs在体外的高含量表达提供有效参考,为探索GPCRs分子结构以及结构与功能的关系,更好地在各个领域应用GPCRs奠定基础.