纳米孔测序技术在病毒性传染病检测及研究中的应用

快速、准确鉴定出病原体是临床感染性疾病诊断和传染病预防控制的基础。高通量测序基因检测技术突破了传统检测手段的时效性、灵敏度等的局限，为病原体检测和研究提供了便捷、高效的途径。本综述以高通量测序技术发展过程为基础，回顾纳米孔三代测序技术，及其在病毒性传染病检测鉴定及研究中的应用，并对该技术的应用前景及可能存在的问题进行阐述，期望它能在病毒性传染病的防控方面发挥更大的作用。     

Multiple species of wild tree peonies gave rise to the ‘king of flowers’, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews

The origin of cultivated tree peonies, known as the ‘king of flowers'' in China for more than 1000 years, has attracted considerable interest, but remained unsolved. Here, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of explicitly sampled traditional cultivars of tree peonies and all wild species from the shrubby section Moutan of the genus Paeonia based on sequences of 14 fast-evolved chloroplast regions and 25 presumably single-copy nuclear markers identified from RNA-seq data. The phylogeny of the wild species inferred from the nuclear markers was fully resolved and largely congruent with morphology and classification. The incongruence between the nuclear and chloroplast trees suggested that there had been gene flow between the wild species. The comparison of nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies including cultivars showed that the cultivated tree peonies originated from homoploid hybridization among five wild species. Since the origin, thousands of cultivated varieties have spread worldwide, whereas four parental species are currently endangered or on the verge of extinction. The documentation of extensive homoploid hybridization involved in tree peony domestication provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the origins of garden ornamentals and the way of preserving natural genetic resources through domestication.     

Physiological functions of Wilms’ tumor 1-associating protein and its role in tumourigenesis

The Wilms’ tumor-associated gene WT1 encodes a tumor suppressor gene, which is implicated in renal differentiation and development of adult urogenital system. Wilms’ tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is initially identified as a nuclear protein that specifically interacts with WT1 in both in vitro and in vivo assays. WTAP is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and various growth periods, and its expression is involved in cell cycle, RNA splicing and stabilization, N6-methyladenosine RNA modification, cell proliferation, and apoptosis as well as embryonic development. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the functions of WTAP in various physiological and pathological processes, in particular with regard to the current knowledge about the role of WTAP in tumorigenesis of different cancers.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌合成surfactin的发酵策略优化

Surfactin作为一种绿色生物表面活性素在多种领域均有潜在的应用价值,但是在生产过程中存在着泡沫难以控制的问题,阻碍了其实现工业化生产。因此在7L发酵罐水平探究了适合surfactin工业化生产的最佳发酵策略。研究结果表明,过量添加消泡剂会对微生物的生长造成不利影响而且会增加生产成本,以有机硅和大豆油为消泡剂时surfactin产量分别为1.42g/L和1.96g/L。通过改进发酵罐采用泡沫分离的发酵策略,不仅可以经济有效地解决泡沫难以控制的问题,而且可以实现surfactin的原位分离,surfactin产量为2.39g/L;基于泡沫分离式发酵,控制pH=7后surfactin产量提高至3.45g/L;又进一步通过控制DO≥20%后产量提高至5.07g/L。最后,将泡沫分离耦合pH、溶解氧控制及恒速补料,控制pH=7、DO≥20%、恒速流加速度1.39ml/min,可以将surfactin产量显著提高至6.04g/L,与添加消泡剂相比,产量提高了4.25倍。以上结果为surfactin的工业化生产提供了依据。     

Hsa-miR-5195-3p对人宫颈癌细胞SiHa增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响

目的:探讨mi R-5195-3p对人宫颈癌细胞系Si Ha增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响。方法:采用qRT-PCR检测人宫颈癌细胞SiHa和正常上皮细胞HaCaT中mi R-5195-3p的表达水平。将mi R-5195-3p mimic转染至Si Ha细胞中构建外源性过表达细胞株,阴性对照组中则转染NC mimic,并用q RT-PCR验证转染效率;通过MTT和集落形成实验检测细胞增殖能力;划痕愈合实验检测细胞横向迁移能力; Transwell小室实验检测细胞纵向迁移能力和侵袭能力;采用qRT-PCR和Western blot检测E-cadherin、Vimentin与snail m RNA转录水平及蛋白表达水平。结果:宫颈癌细胞Si Ha中的mi R-5195-3p表达水平较HaCaT偏低(P 0. 05)。与阴性对照组相比,转染mi R-5195-3p mimic的SiHa细胞中mi R-5195-3p水平显著增高(P 0. 01);并且其体外增殖(P 0. 001),迁移(P 0. 001)与侵袭能力(P 0. 001)明显减弱;同时E-cadherin表达水平上调而Vimentin、snail表达水平下调。结论:过表达mi R-5195-3p可能通过阻碍EMT通路抑制宫颈癌细胞Si Ha的增殖,迁移与侵袭。     

成纤维细胞生长因子5的研究进展 *

成纤维细胞生长因子5(fibroblast growth factor 5,FGF5)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族(FGFs)的成员之一,在哺乳动物毛囊,神经系统,睾丸等多个部位及胚胎发育过程中均有表达.研究发现,FGF5具有广泛的生物学活性,如作为毛发生长重要的调节因子其编码基因突变将导致毛发异常生长,作为丝裂原在干细胞增殖,血管生成和肢体肌发育等方面发挥重要作用,以及在高血压,肿瘤等方面具有重要的生物学功能.目前,FGF5在多种疾病中的功能和作用机制尚需进一步深入研究,但其在毛发生长,干细胞增殖及在心血管疾病等方面的生物学作用具有重大的意义和临床应用价值.总结了近些年FGF5的研究进展,系统阐述了FGF5在毛发生长,干细胞增殖分化,心血管疾病及癌症等方面的相关作用机制,为进一步深入研究FGF5在疾病治疗中的作用和开发利用提供参考.