澜沧江中下游鱼类现状及保护

据记载,分布于澜沧江中下游的鱼类达165种,而近几年的调查结果显示,能采集到的仅71种,鱼类资源呈下降趋势。目前,澜沧江中下游的鱼类种类和数量减少(尤以大、中型及珍稀特有鱼类为甚),而外来种种类和数量增加。据此,该文提出了严防外来种逃逸、限制捕捞强度及开展增殖放流等建议。     

沙芥叶片活性氧和抗坏血酸对干旱胁迫的响应

本文以沙生蔬菜——沙芥为材料,研究干旱胁迫下其叶片内活性氧和抗坏血酸的积累规律和相互关系,为沙生植物干旱胁迫下叶片内活性氧积累和利用提供理论依据,也为植物干旱胁迫下抗坏血酸调控机制研究提供新的思路。结果表明,随着土壤相对含水量的下降,沙芥叶片内AsA、DHA、总AsA、HO·、Pn、Gs含量均呈下降的趋势,而O2ˉ·、H2O2和MDA含量呈上升趋势;同时总AsA与HO·含量极显著正相关,与H2O2显著正相关,与O2ˉ·显著负相关,DHA与HO·显著相关。     

烟草二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶基因(NtDGAT2)的克隆与功能分析

二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶(diacylglycerol acyltransferase,DGAT2)是植物储存油脂生物合成过程中的关键酶,对种子储存油脂累积具有重要的生理作用。本文采用电子克隆与实验相结合的方法,从烟草种子cDNA中克隆到DGAT2基因的开放阅读框序列,命名为NtDGAT2(GenBank登录号JX843807),其序列长999bp,编码332个氨基酸。多序列比对和进化分析表明该基因编码蛋白与其他植物DGAT2具有较高相似性和典型的DGAT2结构域。利用Real-time PCR定量表达分析显示Nt-DGAT2在烟草种子、花、茎、叶和根里面都有表达,且在发育中的种子和花的发育过程大量表达。酵母互补实验证实该基因编码蛋白具有DGAT酶活性。     

番茄果实成熟过程中番茄红素含量及合成相关基因表达的分析

以2个高代自交系粉果番茄MLK1和红果番茄FL1为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术及色差仪法,对果实成熟过程中4个时期的番茄红素含量分析及八氢番茄红素合成酶(Psy1和Psy2)和番茄红素环化酶(Lcy)基因的表达进行研究。结果表明,在番茄果实成熟的过程中,番茄红素的含量也逐渐增高,在完熟期达到最高,且红果中的含量高于粉果中的。在2个番茄品种果实不同部位中,Psy1、Psy2和Lcy基因在果实逐渐成熟的过程中转录水平均逐渐增加,在完熟期表达量最高,且红果FL1中的表达量高于粉果MLK1表达量,果实中Psy基因的表达量高于Lcy基因的表达量。     

中国淡水鱼类人工增殖放流现状

随着鱼类资源的持续衰退以及保护水产学的兴起,鱼类人工增殖放流已由传统渔业增殖发展成为特有珍稀鱼类种群恢复的主要技术手段。近年来,我国淡水鱼类人工增殖放流涉及水系多、规模大且种类丰富,取得了显著效果并积累了大量基础资料和经验。为深入开展人工增殖放流基础研究,规范技术并提升生态效益,该文收集整理了国内、外相关文献资料,分别从基础理论、塘养种群管理及效果评价等方面阐述人工增殖放流的理论背景,并结合我国"四大家鱼"、中华鲟、胭脂鱼、滇池金线鲃及其他珍稀濒危鱼类人工增殖放流现状,讨论了野外监测和效果评价的作用和意义,提出放流种群遗传局限性、数量和规格权衡以及经济效益与生态效益权衡等问题,旨在为相关研究和人工放流实践提供系统资料。     

金沙江中上游中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)产卵场的发现及意义

该研究分别于2012年4月、7—8月及11月针对云南省金沙江梨园电站影响区域的鱼类早期资源进行了3次监测。并于2012年7—8月对云南省玉龙县大具乡大具渡口金沙江的监测中,发现中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)卵汛两次,分别为8月1日8:00—4日10:00和8月9日23:00—13日6:00。结果发现,中华金沙鳅鱼卵卵径3.37~4.41 mm,平均3.89 mm,自然受精率为91.5%,模拟培养出膜率为97.1%,畸形率为2.2%;产卵场共3处,分别位于云南省玉龙县龙蟠镇、黎明乡和巨甸镇;三处产卵场两次产卵共计~1.49×107ind.。此次产卵场的发现是对以往中华金沙鳅生物学资料的重要补充,对电站建设背景下金沙江鱼类资源的保护具指导意义。     

草鱼引入对滇池湖体海菜花消亡的影响

1976年,曾经繁盛在滇池的海菜花群落消亡并引起了广泛讨论。该文通过对相关文献的整理和分析,重建了1950—2000年滇池水环境、水生植物与鱼产量变化趋势图,发现滇池外海海菜花消失的时间早于污染爆发,而与滇池鱼产量增加的时间基本一致,并由此提出:滇池外海海菜花群落消失主要归因于20世纪60年代草鱼的过量放养,而围湖造田和后期污染则使海菜花种群难以恢复。     

Patterns of protein synthesis and accumulation during oogenesis in the polychaete,Pseudopotamilla occelata Moore

Summary

Proteins synthesized and accumulated during oogenesis or Pseudopotamilla occelata were analyzed by two-dimensional Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Significant changes in the patterns of synthesis and accumulation occur during oogenesis, paticularly between previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages, although many of the proteins are represented throughout the process. The changes may be generally dependent upon the variation in the gene expression affecting autosynthesis of proteins. However, appearance of proteins, which occur only at the vitellogenic stages but apparently not synthesized within the oocytes, indicates that heterosynthetic proteins are stage-specifically transported into oocytes.     

New fossil hangingflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China

Abstract: Two new genera with six new species of hangingflies (Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) are described. They were collected from the Middle Jurassic nonmarine sedimentary strata of the Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, north‐eastern China. This report of Cimbrophlebiidae from the Yanliao Biota provides detailed morphological information and evidence of a broad diversity of Cimbrophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. A key to the known species of Cimbrophlebiidae is provided.     

Overexpression of the phosphatidylinositol synthase gene (ZmPIS) conferring drought stress tolerance by altering membrane lipid composition and increasing ABA synthesis in maize

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthase is a key enzyme in the phospholipid pathway and catalyses the formation of PtdIns. PtdIns is not only a structural component of cell membranes, but also the precursor of the phospholipid signal molecules that regulate plant response to environment stresses. Here, we obtained transgenic maize constitutively overexpressing or underexpressing PIS from maize (ZmPIS) under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter. Transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR, Southern blotting analysis and real‐time RT‐PCR assay. The electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS)‐based lipid profiling analysis showed that, under drought stress conditions, the overexpression of ZmPIS in maize resulted in significantly elevated levels of most phospholipids and galactolipids in leaves compared with those in wild type (WT). At the same time, the expression of some genes involved in the phospholipid metabolism pathway and the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis pathway including ZmPLC, ZmPLD, ZmDGK1, ZmDGK3, ZmPIP5K9, ZmABA1, ZmNCED, ZmAAO1, ZmAAO2 and ZmSCA1 was markedly up‐regulated in the overexpression lines after drought stress. Consistent with these results, the drought stress tolerance of the ZmPIS sense transgenic plants was enhanced significantly at the pre‐flowering stages compared with WT maize plants. These results imply that ZmPIS regulates the plant response to drought stress through altering membrane lipid composition and increasing ABA synthesis in maize.