模拟打制实验及其在丁村角页岩石器研究中的应用

模拟打制是史前考古研究中的重要实验考古方法之一,对于正确认识考古标本的类型和技术、解读当时人类的认知水平和知识积累具有不可取代的作用。本文简要回溯了模拟打制实验的发展史,并评述其应用现状。模拟打制实验在欧美有较长的发展与应用历史,但最终趋向了不同的发展方向。传统的模拟打制实验研究在欧洲得到了更加深入的继承和发展,而美国在上世纪90年代后期逐渐发展起了以定量控制、数理统计为核心的实验方法。本文以近期在山西丁村开展的角页岩模拟打制实验为例,介绍传统的模拟打制实验的基本流程和内容,包括实验的内容设计、实施及记录和分析等。本次实验结果肯定了硬锤锤击技术在丁村角页岩石核剥片和修理中的广泛应用,并在一定程度上否定了以往对使用碰砧法的推测。文章最后对模拟打制实验存在的问题和应用前景作了讨论和展望。     

多肽配体技术在植物功能基因组学中的应用前景

人工智能配体或适配体(Aptamer)技术是近年来兴起的一项特异性极强的基因干扰技术。通过人工合成特异的智能配体结合靶基因的蛋白产物, 达到特异干扰靶基因的生物学功能, 这是人工智能配体技术的基本设想。文章综述了多肽配体(Peptide aptamer)技术在基因功能验证中的主要进展, 着重阐明它在植物基因功能验证和作物抗病毒育种中的应用前景, 并提出克服该技术主要风险对策。     

Accumulation of lipid production in Chlorella minutissima by triacylglycerol biosynthesis-related genes cloned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica

Discovery of an alternative fuel is now an urgent matter because of the impending issue of oil depletion. Lipids synthesized in algal cells called triacylglycerols (TAGs) are thought to be of the most value as a potential biofuel source because they can use transesterification to manufacture biodiesel. Biodiesel is deemed as a good solution to overcoming the problem of oil depletion since it is capable of providing good performance similar to that of petroleum. Expression of several genomic sequences, including glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, can be useful for manipulating metabolic pathways for biofuel production. In this study, we found this approach indeed increased the storage lipid content of C. minutissima UTEX 2219 up to 2-fold over that of wild type. Thus, we conclude this approach can be used with the biodiesel production platform of C. minutissima UTEX 2219 for high lipid production that will, in turn, enhance productivity.     

外科手术在高血压脑出血治疗中的应用

高血压脑出血是当今社会一种发病率及死亡率都非常高的神经科疾病,对于它的治疗,则是神经内外科的重点难点。目前治疗高血压脑出血的方法分为内科保守治疗和外科手术治疗两种,作者阅读了大量国内外临床相关文献,综述了高血压脑出血相关内外科治疗的方法,以及具体应用,望能为其相关研究提供有益的思路。     

肿瘤遗传异质性

尽管大多数自发性肿瘤源于单细胞, 但人们逐渐认识到个体肿瘤的内部存在异质性, 这种差异涉及分化程度、细胞增殖率、侵袭和转移能力及治疗反应等众多方面。分子生物学研究也证实肿瘤演进过程中不断产生新的突变, 为肿瘤内部存在异质性增加了更有力的佐证。文章综述了关于肿瘤遗传异质性研究的主要进展。鉴于遗传异质性分析可为揭示肿瘤细胞的产生、扩散、转移的时间段提供重要信息, 文章以瘤内异质性为主线, 列举了遗传异质性存在的实验依据; 阐述了遗传多样性在人类个体肿瘤发展进化史中的研究价值; 介绍了遗传异质性产生的两种模式, 包括肿瘤干细胞模型和克隆进化模型; 总结了遗传异质性在肿瘤转移、治疗中的重要临床意义。文章最后展示了常用的遗传异质性的研究方法, 包括特定基因的分析方法和基于基因组水平的方法, 并对各自的优缺点进行了分析。     

A sensitive signal-on assay for MTase activity based on methylation-responsive hairpin-capture DNA probe

This work develops a simple, sensitive and signal-on electrochemical sensor for methyltransferase (MTase) activity analysis. The sensor is composed of a methylene blue-modi?ed "signaling DNA probe" and a "capture DNA probe" tethered methylation-responsive hairpin DNA (hairpin-capture DNA probe). The thiol- modified hairpin-capture DNA probe at 5' end was firstly self-assembled on gold electrode via Au-S bonding. Methylation-induced scission of hairpin-capture DNA probe would displace the hairpin section and remain the "capture DNA probe" section on the gold electrode. Subsequently, the remained "capture DNA probe" on the gold electrode can hybridize with the methylene blue-modi?ed "signaling DNA probe", mediating methylene blue onto the gold electrode surface to generate redox current. It was eT on state. The developed facile signal-on electrochemical sensing system showed a linear response to concentration of Dam MTase range from 0.1 to 1.0 U/mL. The detection limit of Dam MTase activity was determined to be 0.07 U/mL and the total detection time is 7h. The sensor also has the ability to provide information about the dynamics of methylation process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this sensor could be utilized to screen inhibitors or drugs for Dam MTase.     

Transport functions and expression analysis of vacuolar membrane aquaporins in response to various stresses in rice

The vacuole, a multifunctional organelle of most plant cells, has very important roles in space filling, osmotic adjustment, storage and digestion. Previous researches suggested that aquaporins in the tonoplast were involved in vacuolar functions. The rice genome contains 33 aquaporin genes, 10 of which encode tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs). However, the function of each individual TIP isoform and the integrated function of TIPs under various physiological conditions remain elusive. Here, five rice TIP members were characterized with water and/or glycerol transport activities using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. OsTIP1;2, OsTIP2;2, OsTIP4;1 and OsTIP5;1 possessed water transport activity. OsTIP1;2, OsTIP3;2 and OsTIP4;1 were demonstrated with glycerol transport activity. Rice TIP expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions including dehydration, high salinity, abscisic acid (ABA) and during seed germination were investigated by real-time PCR. OsTIP1s (OsTIP1;1 and OsTIP1;2) were highly expressed during seed germination, whereas OsTIP3s (OsTIP3;1 and OsTIP3;2) were specifically expressed in mature seeds with a decrease in expression levels upon germination. The results of this research provided a functional and expression profiles of rice TIPs.     

钼、硼对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的影响

The study deals with the changes of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system with different supplementation of molybdenum (Mo) and/or boron (B) concentration in soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves at three developmental stages (5-trifoliate stage, initiation of flowering, and peak podsetting stage) in three pot-grown soybean varieties (“Zhechun No.3”, “Zhechun No.2”, “3811”). The control plants under low Mo and low B exhibited an increasing of membrane permeability (MP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) contents, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate oxidase (AO) activities and a decrease of ascorbate (AsA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (AP) and catalase (CAT) activities. Application of Mo or B alone raised the ability of anti-oxidant of soybean leaves. The results indicated that the anti-oxidant enzymes (including SOD, POD, CAT and AP) related closely to anti-oxidant compounds (including AsA and Pro). There was some difference between the effects of Mo and B on the anti-oxidant, and a synergetic effect was observed between Mo and B. Some genetic variation in the responses to Mo and B was found among the three soybean varieties which was related to the activities of the total anti-oxidant systems.     

麋鹿幼仔的活动同步性与同性聚群倾向

哺乳动物幼体从出生到性成熟这段时间存在生理和行为上的巨大变化.麋鹿幼仔出生1周内,与成鹿和其它仔鹿呈隔离状态,且藏卧于隐蔽处,母鹿哺乳是引起幼仔活动的主要因素.