Optimal stomatal conductance in relation to photosynthesis in climatically contrasting Eucalyptus species under drought

Models of stomatal conductance (g_s) are based on coupling between g_s and CO₂ assimilation (A_net), and it is often assumed that the slope of this relationship (‘g₁’) is constant across species. However, if different plant species have adapted to different access costs of water, then there will be differences in g₁ among species. We hypothesized that g₁ should vary among species adapted to different climates, and tested the theory and its linkage to plant hydraulics using four Eucalyptus species from different climatic origins in a common garden. Optimal stomatal theory predicts that species from sub‐humid zones have a lower marginal water cost of C gain, hence lower g₁ than humid‐zone species. In agreement with the theory that g₁ is related to tissue carbon costs for water supply, we found a relationship between wood density and g₁ across Eucalyptus species of contrasting climatic origins. There were significant reductions in the parameter g₁ during drought in humid but not sub‐humid species, with the latter group maintaining g₁ in drought. There are strong differences in stomatal behaviour among related tree species in agreement with optimal stomatal theory, and these differences are consistent with the economics involved in water uptake and transport for carbon gain.     

Overexpression of Arabidopsis acyl‐CoA‐binding protein ACBP2 enhances drought tolerance

Arabidopsis thaliana acyl‐CoA‐binding protein 2 (ACBP2) is a stress‐responsive protein that is also important in embryogenesis. Here, we assign a role for ACBP2 in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling during seed germination, seedling development and the drought response. ACBP2 was induced by ABA and drought, and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ACBP2 (ACBP2‐OXs) showed increased sensitivity to ABA treatment during germination and seedling development. ACBP2‐OXs also displayed improved drought tolerance and ABA‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells, thereby promoting stomatal closure, reducing water loss and enhancing drought tolerance. In contrast, acbp2 mutant plants showed decreased sensitivity to ABA in root development and were more sensitive to drought stress. RNA analyses revealed that ACBP2 overexpression up‐regulated the expression of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog D (AtrbohD) and AtrbohF, two NAD(P)H oxidases essential for ABA‐mediated ROS production, whereas the expression of Hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1), an important negative regulator in ABA signalling, was down‐regulated. In addition, transgenic plants expressing ACBP2pro:GUS showed beta‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining in guard cells, confirming a role for ACBP2 at the stomata. These observations support a positive role for ACBP2 in promoting ABA signalling in germination, seedling development and the drought response.     

综述——新型纳米生物材料的研发：纳米酶的发现与应用

自2007年发现四氧化三铁纳米材料具有类似辣根过氧化物酶的催化特性以来,纳米酶研究领域迅速崛起．不同形貌、尺度和材料各异的纳米酶相继出现,同时其催化机制逐渐被认识．由于纳米酶具有催化效率高、稳定、经济和规模化制备的特点,它在医学、化工、食品、农业和环境等领域的应用研究便应运而生．纳米酶的发现,不仅推动了纳米科技的基础研究,还拓展了纳米材料的应用．本文将介绍纳米酶研究领域的最新研究进展．     

铁矿采矿迹地不同恢复年限的植被特征

1997-2011年利用覆盖客土、覆盖客土+生态植被毯措施对北京首云铁矿尾矿库进行植被恢复,本研究调查了不同恢复年限的植被特征,并与周边自然植被进行对比分析.结果表明:恢复植被以禾本科、豆科和菊科植物为主,占植物物种总数的58％;采用客土+生态植被毯恢复的植被多度、物种丰富度和Shannon指数均接近周边未扰动植被,高于仅覆盖客土恢复的植被;客土+生态植被毯恢复植被的地上和地下部分生物量显著高于仅覆盖客土的植被,与对照差异不显著;采用客土+生态植被毯措施恢复植被的枯落物生物量第6年达到对照水平.采矿迹地植被快速重建对北京市生态涵养发展区的潜在生态功能发挥具有重要的意义,为类似采矿迹地植被重建提供可借鉴的案例.     

贵州省2011年急性胃肠炎诺如病毒的哨点监测及其基因特征分析

为了解贵州省2011年诺如病毒的基因型,监测了2011年5月至12月于贵州省人民医院就诊的急性胃肠炎病例,收集粪便标本,采用荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(Real-time RT-PCR)初步鉴定,并对阳性株的VP1基因区克隆及测序。检测标本70份,GⅠ型诺如病毒阳性1株,阳性率1.43%,GⅡ型诺如病毒阳性34株,阳性率48.57%,获得7份GⅡ型诺如病毒VP1基因序列,3株为GⅡ.4亚型,为新型变异株(GⅡ4 2011),与GⅡ4 2006b变异株的亲缘关系最近,有1个氨基酸位发生了回复突变;4株为GⅡ.3亚型,分为2个基因簇,1簇与2008～2009年韩国株(HM635118)及上海株(GU991355)的亲缘关系最近,1簇与2010年日本株(AB629943)及2007年印度株(EU921389)等的亲缘关系最近,有4个氨基酸位点易发生回复突变。     

我国首次证实貉感染水貂阿留申病毒

2013年中国农业科学院特产研究所科研人员在吉林省某一水貂、狐狸、貉共同养殖区,通过对流免疫电泳实验和PCR方法在9只乌苏里貉体内检测到水貂阿留申病毒,这是国内该病毒感染貉的首次报道。目前科研人员已获得了病毒的结构基因序列,相关的研究正在进行中。     

养殖与野生的中华眼镜蛇蛇肉营养成分比较分析

目的 为了解人工养殖与野生眼镜蛇蛇肉的营养成分的差异.方法 对养殖与野生眼镜蛇蛇肉的营养成分如蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、糖、微量元素的含量进行检测,并对两者的各项检测结果进行比较分析.结果 养殖眼镜蛇蛇肉的蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、糖以及微量元素等营养成分与野生眼镜蛇完全一致,并无缺失,且含量基本相同.结论 养殖眼镜蛇蛇肉与野生眼镜蛇蛇肉的营养价值大致相同,养殖眼镜蛇蛇肉不但嫩香醇,而且无致病菌及寄生虫感染,是理想的绿色营养食品.