糖类在植物组织培养中的效应

糖类是影响植物组织培养成功与否的关键之一。迄今为止,已用于植物组织培养的糖类有５０多种。在植物体细胞组织培养中,蔗糖一直作为标准碳源,然而其他糖类物质如：葡萄糖、麦芽糖和山梨醇对植物体细胞培养也产生了一定的影响。在植物花药培养中,蔗糖较好,但应注意麦芽糖对花药培养的促进作用。     

应用离子注入技术对家蚕形态学及遗传学进行的初步研究(英文)

离子注入技术是将某种元素的原子进行电离,并使其在电场中加速,在获得较高的速度后射入固体材料表面。在离子注入过程中,被电离的离子在电场作用下加速运动,离子靠着本身获得的动能进入基体表面,在表层中运动的离子与基体原子作用损失能量后在一定的位置停留下来。该技术自６０年代问世以来,主要用于材料改性等方面。８０年代中期,我国学者开始将其用于农作物育种方面的研究,大大拓宽了离子注入技术的应用领域。所用实验材料的基因及表现型见Ｔａｂ３,我们将氢离子（Ｅ＝３５ＭｅＶ）注入处于胚胎发育后期的家蚕卵内（Ｔａｂ１）,观察其对家蚕形态及遗传方面的影响,结果表明：（１）在家蚕胚胎发育的已４期注入氢离子,其半致死剂量ＬＤ５０为１ｘ１０１０～１ｘ１０１１ｃｍ２这一区间之内;当剂量达到１ｘ１０１２ｃｍ２时,已全部致死（Ｆｉｇ．１＆Ｔａｂ．２）;（２）注入氢离子能够使家蚕在第１腹节上产生褐斑（Ｆｉｇ．２）的频率增高。并首次观察到因注入氢离子而导致家蚕出现非成对的褐斑（Ｆｉｇ．３＆Ｔａｂ．４）。（３）在氢离子注入剂量为１ｘ１０１０ｃｍ２时,能够诱变产生大量的嵌合体家蚕,并且诱变频率高达３８．５％（Ｆｉｇ．４＆Ｔａｂ．５）,这样高的     

向日葵CMS育性恢复的研究

向日葵细胞质雄性不育（Ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙ,ＣＭＳ）育性恢复的机理是非常复杂的。运用遗传学和分子生物学方法,分析了具代表性的４种不同细胞质类型的ＣＭＳ育性被恢复的频率和２０种向日葵自交系对１９种ＣＭＳ的恢复能力及个别ＣＭＳ植株自发恢复的原因。实验结果表明,４种ＣＭＳ品系育性被恢复的频率分别为５８．８％．５６．３％．１１．８％和０％．２０种自交系的恢复力为５．９－７５．０％。部分ＣＭＳ品系和大多数自交系含有恢复基因,恢复基因的数量及类型决定了ＣＭＳ品系被恢复的程度及自交系的恢复能力。同时,提出并证实了线粒体不育基因变异是导致ＡＲＧ１ＣＭＳ植株自发恢复育性的主要原因。     

Isolation and characterization of five rice telomere-associated sequences

Ｔｅｌｏｍｅｒｅｉｓｔｈｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｌｏｃｕｓａｔｔｈｅｅｎｄｓｏｆａｌｌｅｕｋａｒｙｏｔｉｃｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｓ.ＴｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｃａｐｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｓｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｎｄｔｏｅｎｄｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｒｏｋｅｎｅｎｄｓａｎｄｃｏｎｔｉｎｕａｌｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌＤＮＡｌｏｓｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｒｅｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ.Ｔｈｅｙａｌｓｏｈａｖｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｎｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅ…     

美洲商陆核基因组抗病毒蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

通过ＰＣＲ扩增,从美洲商陆（Ｐｈｙｔｏｌａｃａａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａ）核基因组中克隆了商陆抗病毒蛋白基因,序列分析表明,该基因含８８５个核苷酸,与已报道的序列比较,核苷酸同源性为９９．３％。     

四部体小麦“简阳矮兰麦”与黑麦可杂交性及其在六倍体水平上的遗传特性

中国六倍体普通小麦地方品种有一个比较独特的特征-存在丰富的高亲和性材料。因此,研究中国四倍体小麦的亲和性问题具有特殊的意义。“简阳矮兰麦”是来源于四川省的一个四倍体小麦地方品种,它与黑麦有高的可杂交性,其杂交结实率达60%。遗传分析表明,“简阳矮兰麦”与黑麦的高可杂交性是受2-3对隐性基因所控制,但3对基因的可能性更大。而且,这些隐性基因的作用在合成六倍体小麦后仍能比较完全的表达。通过与六倍体普通小麦相比较,结果表明四倍体小麦的可杂交性系统与六倍体小麦的可杂交性系统的作用方式是类似的。 Abstract:It is a special characteristic that many Chinese common wheat landraces showed a high crossability with rye.Thus,it is important that elucidate the genetic control of the crossability of Chinese tetraploid wheat with rye.Triticum turgidum cv.Jianyangailanmai native to Sichuan,China has high crossability with rye,up to 60%.In this study,it is indicated that the crossability of Jianyangailanmai with rve is controlled by two or more probably three recessive genes,which was almost totally expressed in the hexaploid wheat level.The operation of these recessive genes influencing crossability with rye was similar to that of hexaploid common wheat.     

基于叶绿体全基因组的云南樱花品种‘红霞''的种系分析

云南樱花品种‘红霞’(Cerasus‘Hongxia’)广泛种植于滇中地区，3月开花，半重瓣至重瓣，粉红色，观赏价值较高。‘红霞’曾被认为是红花高盆樱(C.cerasoides var.rubea)的园艺品种，而其分子标记结果却聚在钟花樱(C.campanulata)种系，可见‘红霞’的种系归属存疑，对今后的育种及栽培极为不利。为探索‘红霞’的种系问题，该研究以‘红霞’的叶片DNA为材料，应用Illumina软件对叶绿体基因组特征进行测序，通过SPAdes 3.13.0、Gapcloser 1.12和CPGAVAS2 2.0软件进行组装、注释，之后使用MISA和Geneious 10.0软件对叶绿体基因组特征进行分析，并使用RAxML 8.0软件构建Cerasus分支系统发育树，分析‘红霞’在樱属植物的系统关系。结果表明：(1)‘红霞’的叶绿体全基因组长度为157 832 bp,鸟嘌呤(Guanine)、胞嘧啶(Cytosine)含量为36.73%,包含一对反向重复(inverted repeat sequence, IR, 26 381 bp)区，由小单拷贝(short single...     

Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was continuously measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique from 2003 to 2005 at three forest sites of ChinaFLUX. The forests include Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation (QYZ), and Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (DHS). They span wide ranges of temperature and precipitation and are influenced by the eastern Asian monsoon climate to varying extent. In this study, we estimated ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). Comparison of ecosystem carbon exchange among the three forests shows that RE was mainly determined by temperature, with the forest at CBS exhibiting the highest temperature sensitivity among the three ecosystems. The RE was highly dependent on GEP across the three forests, and the ratio of RE to GEP decreased along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) (i.e. from the CBS to the DHS), with an average of 0.77 ± 0.06. Daily GEP was mainly influenced by temperature at CBS, whereas photosynthetic photon flux density was the dominant factor affecting the daily GEP at both QYZ and DHS. Temperature mainly determined the pattern of the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at CBS. However, water availability primarily controlled the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at QYZ. At DHS, NEP attained the highest values at the beginning of the dry seasons (autumn) rather than the rainy seasons (summer), probably because insufficient radiation and frequent fog during the rainy seasons hindered canopy photosynthesis. All the three forest ecosystems acted as a carbon sink from 2003 to 2005. The annual average values of NEP at CBS, QYZ, and DHS were 259 ± 19, 354 ± 34, and 434 ± 66 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. The slope of NEP that decreased with increasing latitude along the NSTEC was markedly different from that observed on the forest transect in the European continent. Long‐term flux measurements over more forest ecosystems along the NSTEC will further help verify such a difference between the European forest transect and the NSTEC and provide insights into the responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to climate change in China.     

BldM对密旋链霉菌Act12形态发育及抗生素合成的调控

【目的】以多效生防菌株——密旋链霉菌(Streptomyces pactum) Act12为研究材料，探究转录因子BldM对生防链霉菌Act12形态发育及抗生素合成的调控作用。【方法】通过基因工程手段构建bldM基因缺失突变株△bldM及过表达突变株OE-bldM，利用扫描电镜观察、抑菌实验、高效液相色谱检测和实时荧光定量PCR探究缺失突变株△bldM及过表达突变株OE-bldM与野生型(wild) Act12在形态发育、生长速率、寡霉素产量及抗病原菌能力等方面的差异。【结果】经测序验证bldM基因缺失突变体△bldM及过表达突变体OE-bldM均构建成功，其中△bldM寡霉素D产量明显降低且无法形成气生菌丝，而过表达突变株OE-bldM的气生菌丝更加密集，产孢更为丰富。与野生型菌株相比，OE-bldM的寡霉素D产量增加了23%，编码寡霉素核心合成酶基因的转录水平上调了2-3倍，抑菌活性显著增强。【结论】全局性转录调控因子BldM不但能影响Act12气生菌丝及孢子形成，并且参与正调控Act12寡霉素的合成，本研究结果为转录因子BldM的调控功能进行了新的挖掘和补充，并为后续深入研究密旋...     

假单胞菌属脂肪酶的分子生物学研究进展

微生物脂肪酶是商品化脂肪酶的主要来源,并广泛应用于诸多工业领域。与其他微生物脂肪酶相比,细菌脂肪酶催化反应的类型更多、活性更高、稳定性更好,其中又以假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)脂肪酶的性能最为优越。作为性能最为优越、应用最为广泛的一类脂肪酶,假单胞菌属脂肪酶研究一直是脂肪酶领域的热点。就假单胞菌属脂肪酶的分子生物学研究进展进行归纳和述评,包括基因资源挖掘及克隆、基因表达调控及分泌机制、活性过表达策略、蛋白质结晶及3D结构解析、蛋白质工程,并对其未来研究方向做出展望,以期为后续研究提供有益参考。