粤港两地田间发现夜蛾黑卵蜂与螟黄赤眼蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾

草地贪夜蛾是新入侵我国的重大危险性害虫,了解野外条件下天敌的发生情况对于挖掘和利用本地天敌资源开展生物防治有重要意义。2019年4月至7月,定期在广州及香港地区的玉米田中开展草地贪夜蛾发生情况调查时,发现野外两种卵寄生蜂寄生草地贪夜蛾。通过分子生物学方法鉴定为夜蛾黑卵蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂,并分别建立实验种群,为人工扩繁及田间应用打下基础,为利用本地天敌开展草地贪夜蛾生物防治提供重要参考。     

特定人群超重及肥胖与相关疾病患病分析

目的：分析特定人群超重患病率,以及超重与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脂肪肝等相关疾病的关系,为及早预防慢性非传染性疾病奠定基础。方法：对平房地区采取长效避孕措施的603名户籍农村已婚育龄妇女进行健康体检,按体重指数（BMI）分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组,比较各组间高血压、高血糖、高血脂、脂肪肝等相关疾病检出率的差异。结果：特定人群超重发病率及超重相关疾病检出率的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：平房地区特定人群超重及肥胖发病率未明显高于国内平均水平及全市水平。但超重及肥胖与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脂肪肝等疾病存在较大相关关系,为了进一步降低心脑血管高危因素和死亡率。需采取早期、有效的措施控制超重和肥胖倾向。     

Understanding the Effect of Secondary Structures and Aggregation on Human Protein Folding Class Evolution

Using several model organisms it has been shown earlier that protein designability is related to contact density or fraction of buried residues and influence protein evolutionary rates dramatically. Here, using Homo sapiens as a model organism, we have analyzed two main folding classes (all-α and all-β) to examine the factors affecting their evolutionary rates. Since, secondary structures are the most fundamental components of the protein folding classes, we explored the effect of protein secondary structure composition on evolution. Our results show that sheet and helix fractions exhibit positive and negative correlations, respectively, with the rate of protein evolution. On dividing the secondary structure components according to solvent accessibility, linear regression model identified two factors namely buried sheet fraction and relative aggregation propensity. Both these factors together can explain about 13.4% variability in the rate of human protein evolution, while buried sheet residues can alone account to 9.9% variability.     

基于土地利用变化与生态系统服务供需的中国野生亚洲象时空迁移特征分析

2021年4月,我国15头野生亚洲象(Elephas maximus)从西双版纳一路北迁至昆明市受到了全世界的关注,分析我国野生亚洲象分布区土地利用变化、生态系统服务供需关系如何影响野生亚洲象分布,对保护亚洲象与提高当地人类福祉具有重要的意义。利用生态系统服务价值当量因子法和生态系统服务需求模型计算中国野生亚洲象分布区1990、2005、2015年生态系统服务供给价值与需求指数,通过空间标准化匹配出四种生态系统服务供需模式,探究我国野生亚洲象偏好分布的供需模式。结果表明,林地、草地和耕地是最主要的土地利用类型,1990—2015年,林地、草地和耕地的面积变化率分别为1.09%、-4.82%、-4.86%。1990、2005、2015年生态系统供给总价值分别为6108.55亿元、7434.41亿元、13973.37亿元;生态系统服务需求不断提高,整体呈现中间高,四周低的分布格局。在研究的25年内,亚洲象分布于高供给-高需求与高供给-低需求区域,且有向高供给-高需求区域迁徙的趋势。     

Cyanobacteria in rice soils

Cyanobacteria were recovered from each of 38 soil samples collected from local rice fields. Of the 84 species belonging to 31 genera that were isolated, 42 were heterocystous diazotrophic species belonging to 14 genera and the remaining were non-heterocystous. Fischerella, Nostoc and Calothrix were widespread.Z.U.M. Khan is with the Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Z.N. Tahmida Begum and M.Z. Hossain are with the Department of Botany and R. Mandal is with the Department of Soil Science, bot at the University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;     

Studies on the effects of protease substrate analogues on some of the actions of insulin

Added TAME (N alpha-p-tosyl-1-anginine methyl ester) or BAME (benzoyl-anginine methyl ester) inhibited insulin induced activation of glucose oxidation and fat cell PDH activation without affecting spermine action on PDH activation and glucose oxidation in fat cells. BAME inhibited insulin-induced generation of both PDH stimulator and PDH inhibitor from liver particulate fraction. In contrast, insulin-induced internalization of insulin receptors and negative cooperativity of insulin receptors were not affected by protease substrate inhibitors. These results suggest that certain actions of insulin (glucose oxidation, generation of PDH regulators) are mediated by proteolytic events, while insulin-induced down regulation and negative cooperativity of insulin receptors are not mediated by activation of endogenous proteases.     

Expression and synthesis of high mobility group chromosomal proteins in different rat skeletal cell lines during myogenesis.

The synthesis, turnover, and expression of all the major high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins was studied in different rat skeletal myogenic cell lines. Whereas pulse-chase experiments revealed a similar half-life (greater than 2 cell generations) for all the HMG proteins in both L8 myoblasts and myotubes, [3H]lysine incorporation data indicated a 2- to 4-fold greater incorporation of the label in the HMG proteins in proliferating myoblasts relative to the nondividing myotubes. Analysis of the HMG-1, -14, and -17 mRNAs during myogenesis showed a significant down-regulation in L6 and L8 myotubes compared to the myoblasts. However, the timing of the shift and the extent of down-regulation was cell type-dependent, being more pronounced in L6 myotubes at fusion compared to 4 days postfusion in L8 myotubes. By contrast, L8-derived fusion-defective fu-1 cells over the same period of growth showed no change in HMG-14/17 mRNA levels. HMG-I(Y) protein isoforms, noted for the first time in rat myoblasts, like their counterparts, seemed to be stable and showed a precipitous reduction in their mRNAs during myogenesis. The results suggest a cell type-specific correlation between HMG expression and cell proliferation; they also argue for their role in maintenance of the cell's state of differentiation.     

壳多孢属的一个新种

1979年9月在沈阳地区的翅果油树 Elaeagnus mollis 植株上发现壳多孢属的一个新种,定名为胡颓子壳多孢(Stagonospora elaeagni Y.Gao sp.nov.)。