血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导培养的成年大鼠心肌细胞凋亡

研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导培养的成年大鼠心肌细胞(adult rat ventricular myocytes,ARVMs)凋亡.酶灌流消化法分离培养ARVMs,不同处理后,光镜观察形态改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳定性分析DNA降解程度.结果发现培养的ARVMs经AngⅡ10μmol/L处理48 h后,大部分细胞变圆,胞浆浓缩;电泳显示核酸断裂片段"梯形"结构,上述改变在72 h更为明显.上述作用可被氯沙坦、维拉帕米和staurosporine所取消.这表明AngⅡ由AT1受体介导诱导培养的ARVMs凋亡,细胞内钙升高和PKC激活起重要作用.     

Melatonin Regulates the Viability and Differentiation of Rat Midbrain Neural Stem Cells

(1) Neurogenesis driven by neural stem cells (NSCs) is regulated by physiological and pathological factors. Melatonin (MT) has profound neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. Hence, we studied the role of MT in regulating the viability and differentiation of NSCs derived from rat ventral midbrain. (2) NSCs were isolated from the rat ventral midbrain. The viability of NSCs was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-ulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. The differentiation of NSCs was examined by analyzing the expression of the neural markers, MT receptors, brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence cytochemistry, and Western blot. (3) Our results showed that MT could promote the viability of NSCs. In addition, MT could significantly elevate the mRNA and protein levels of tyroxine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of dopaminergic neurons, and decrease the expression of the astrocytes maker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). MT also increased the production of BDNF and GDNF in the cultured NSCs. Meanwhile, we first found that two subtypes of MT receptors, MT1 and MT2, were expressed in the ventral midbrain NSCs. (4) These results demonstrated that MT could induce NSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and decrease astrocyte production. These findings also suggest that MT could offer a beneficial tool in guiding directional differentiation of NSCs.     

粘合材料及其在生物医学中的应用：进展与展望

粘合材料作为一种重要的辅助材料,在工业包装、海洋工程以及生物医药等多个领域都有广泛的应用需求。天然存在的粘合剂如贻贝足丝粘合蛋白等具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,但因其来源受限及在生理环境下较弱的粘合性能,因此在生物医药领域的应用受到了限制。从自然生物的粘合现象中汲取灵感,各种利用化学或生物合成方法制备的仿生粘合材料应运而生,针对生物医药领域的特定需求,一些新兴粘合材料在生物相容性、生物可降解性以及组织粘附等方面都表现出在医药领域应用的潜力。展望未来,受自然粘合材料兼具环境响应、自我再生和自修复等特征的启迪,各种生物灵感和生物仿生粘合材料的开发势必是未来的发展热点,而合成生物学技术为创建具有上述特征的活体粘合材料提供了新的可能。     

基于光合系统参数建立马铃薯耐荫性综合评价体系

为构建便捷的马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)耐荫性综合评价体系并发掘耐荫种质, 以35个马铃薯品种(系)为实验材料, 测定块茎膨大期遮荫下植株叶片叶绿素含量、光合能力和叶绿素荧光等光合参数及收获后块茎单株产量和淀粉含量等指标。根据耐荫系数, 利用主成分分析法、隶属函数法、聚类分析法和逐步回归分析法进行综合评价。通过主成分分析将马铃薯耐荫性相关的13个单项光合指标转换为6个综合指标, 代表了全部信息的87.51%。以此计算各种质的隶属函数值, 并以主成分的贡献率进行加权, 最终获得所用材料耐荫性的综合评价值(D值)。根据D值聚类分析结果将35个马铃薯分为4类, 其中Eshu10和Lishu6分别为耐荫性最强和最弱的品种。通过逐步回归分析建立了马铃薯耐荫性评价数学模型: D=0.060+0.106G_s+0.214qP+0.143NPQ。同时, 用该评价体系鉴定为耐荫性强的品种(系)在遮荫后其产量和/或淀粉含量等指标减幅均低于耐荫性弱的种质, 表明该评价体系可用于快速评价和预测马铃薯种质的耐荫性。     

硫氧还蛋白与心血管疾病

硫氧还蛋白是细胞内最重要的二硫键还原酶,对维持细胞内蛋白质的还原状态并正常发挥功能着重要的作用,此外。硫氧还蛋白、硫氧还蛋白还原酶和硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶组成了细胞内最重要的抗氧化系统之一,在对抗细胞的氧化应激上起着重要作用。心血管疾病是威胁人类健康的主要疾病,它与炎症反应和氧化应激有着密切的联系。文章将从硫氧还蛋白的抗氧化、抗炎、抗细胞凋亡,调控与炎症基因表达有关的核转录因子的转录活性,以及调节细胞内蛋白质的亚硝基化等诸多方面阐述硫氧还蛋白在防御心血管疾病方面可能具有的生物学功能。     

Lenvatinib for effectively treating antiangiogenic drug-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) clinical trials show that antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) fail to achieve the expected efficacy, and combining AAD with chemoradiotherapy does not show superiority over chemoradiotherapy alone. Accumulating evidence suggests the intrinsic AAD resistance in NPC patients with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Here, we describe NPC-specific FGF-2 expression-triggered, VEGF-independent angiogenesis as a mechanism of AAD resistance. Angiogenic factors screening between AAD-sensitive cancer type and AAD-resistant NPC showed high FGF-2 expression in NPC in both xenograft models and clinical samples. Mechanistically, the FGF-2-FGFR1-MYC axis drove endothelial cell survival and proliferation as an alternative to VEGF-VEGFR2-MYC signaling. Genetic knockdown of FGF-2 in NPC tumor cells reduced tumor angiogenesis, enhanced AAD sensitivity, and reduced pulmonary metastasis. Moreover, lenvatinib, an FDA recently approved multi-kinase inhibitor targeting both VEGFR2 and FGFR1, effectively inhibits the tumor vasculature, and exhibited robust anti-tumor effects in NPC-bearing nude mice and humanized mice compared with an agent equivalent to bevacizumab. These findings provide mechanistic insights on FGF-2 signaling in the modulation of VEGF pathway activation in the NPC microenvironment and propose an effective NPC-targeted therapy by using a clinically available drug.Subject terms: Tumour angiogenesis, Head and neck cancer, Targeted therapies     

益生菌补充剂治疗绝经后骨质疏松症或骨量减少的系统评价

系统评价益生菌补充剂对绝经后骨质疏松症（PMOP）或骨量减少的有效性及安全性。

选取8个公共数据库,检索自建库至2022年9月,无语言限制,使用随机对照方法,评估补充益生菌补充剂对腰椎、股骨颈、总髋关节骨密度（BMD)、T值（T-value）、胶原降解产物（CTX）、I型前胶原氨基端前肽（PINP）、骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）水平和不良反应率的影响。

纳入了8篇RCT文献,647名参与者,治疗组有325名,对照组322名。结果显示益生菌组在提高PMOP和绝经后骨量减少患者的腰椎BMD、股骨颈BMD、T值、BGP和降低绝经后妇女CTX、BALP等方面显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。亚组分析结果显示益生菌治疗PMOP患者后显著提高腰椎BMD、股骨颈BMD、全髋关节BMD、T值和降低CTX、BALP优于对照组（P＜0.05）。

益生菌干预PMOP和骨量减少患者后显著提高骨密度及降低骨代谢,对PMOP患者的作用更显著。

     

Upregulation of LRRC8A by m5C modification-mediated mRNA stability suppresses apoptosis and facilitates tumorigenesis in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies with poor prognosis for advanced CC patients. LRRC8A is a volume-regulated anion channel protein involved in cellular homeostasis, but its role in CC remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that LRRC8A is elevated in CC and associated with poor prognosis. LRRC8A maintains cell survivals under the hypotonic condition, and promotes tumorigenesis through apoptosis suppression in vitro and in vivo. Notably, LRRC8A is upregulated by NSUN2-mediated m⁵C modification. m⁵C modified-LRRC8A mRNA is bound by the RNA binding protein YBX1 followed by the increased RNA stability. Moreover, loss of NSUN2 suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of CC cells, and NSUN2 expression is positively correlated with LRRC8A expression in CC. Altogether, our study demonstrates that the NSUN2-m⁵C-LRRC8A axis is crucial and would be a potential therapeutic target for CC.     

The circadian regulation of extracellular ATP

Extracellular ATP is a potent signaling molecule released from various cells throughout the body and is intimately involved in the pathophysiological functions of the nervous system and immune system by activating P2 purinergic receptors. Recent increasingly studies showed that extracellular ATP exhibits circadian oscillation with an approximately 24-h periodicity, which participates in regulatory pathways of central oscillator suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral oscillator bladder, respectively. Oscillators modulate the protein expression of ATP release channels and ectonucleotidase activity through clock genes; indeed, real-time alterations of ATP release and degradation determine outcomes of temporal character on extracellular ATP rhythm. The regulatory pathways on extracellular ATP rhythm are different in central and peripheral systems. In this review, we summarize the circadian rhythm of extracellular ATP and discuss several circadian regulatory pathways in different organs via ATP release and degradation, to provide a new understanding for purinergic signaling in the regulatory mechanism of circadian rhythm and a potential target to research the circadian regulation of extracellular ATP in other circadian oscillators.