应用FIA型微生物传感器测定谷氨酸含量的研究

目前应用酶或微生物细胞作为分子识别元件构建生物传感器测定谷氨酸含量的研究引起了广泛的兴趣,并陆续有实例报道。在这些报道中人们依据不同的酶催反应选择相应的离子选择性电极,如CO₂电极、NH₄⁺电极等,而测量对象有直接的测定谷氨酸,也有测定谷氨酸单钠的间接测定法。本文选用了可固定大量细胞的固定化细胞柱与流动注入法相结合的测量方法,并根据细胞柱的动力学模型分析动态响应曲线,计算测量结果,提高了测量精度,扩大了测量范围。     

Indium Iodide Additive Realizing Efficient Mixed Sn─Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-bandgap mixed tin (Sn)-lead (Pb) perovskite solar cells promise efficiency beyond the pure-Pb ones. However, the difference in the interaction rate of SnI₂ and PbI₂ with organic salts causes spatial distribution heterogeneity of Sn²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in mixed Sn─Pb perovskite layers. This causes a Sn-rich surface, which can trigger more severe Sn²⁺ oxidation and nonradiative recombination. A strategy, of introducing indium ion (In³⁺) into the perovskite precursor solution to compete with Sn²⁺ when reacting with organic salts is developed. Therefore, the nucleation and crystallization of perovskite films are well-controlled, leading to improved film quality with a more balanced Sn/Pb ratio on the film surface. Additionally, In³⁺ has a lower reduction potential compared to Sn²⁺ which can generate an extra energy barrier for Sn²⁺ oxidation. The improved film quality and reduced surface oxidation result in accelerated electron transfer and reduced carrier recombination rate. The modified devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.34%, representing one of the highest PCEs in mixed Sn─Pb solar cells made with PCBM.     

An active site rearrangement within the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme releases nonproductive interactions and allows formation of catalytic interactions

Biological catalysis hinges on the precise structural integrity of an active site that binds and transforms its substrates and meeting this requirement presents a unique challenge for RNA enzymes. Functional RNAs, including ribozymes, fold into their active conformations within rugged energy landscapes that often contain misfolded conformers. Here we uncover and characterize one such “off-pathway” species within an active site after overall folding of the ribozyme is complete. The Tetrahymena group I ribozyme (E) catalyzes cleavage of an oligonucleotide substrate (S) by an exogenous guanosine (G) cofactor. We tested whether specific catalytic interactions with G are present in the preceding E•S•G and E•G ground-state complexes. We monitored interactions with G via the effects of 2′- and 3′-deoxy (–H) and −amino (–NH₂) substitutions on G binding. These and prior results reveal that G is bound in an inactive configuration within E•G, with the nucleophilic 3′-OH making a nonproductive interaction with an active site metal ion termed M_A and with the adjacent 2′-OH making no interaction. Upon S binding, a rearrangement occurs that allows both –OH groups to contact a different active site metal ion, termed M_C, to make what are likely to be their catalytic interactions. The reactive phosphoryl group on S promotes this change, presumably by repositioning the metal ions with respect to G. This conformational transition demonstrates local rearrangements within an otherwise folded RNA, underscoring RNA''s difficulty in specifying a unique conformation and highlighting Nature''s potential to use local transitions of RNA in complex function.     

Isolation of Polyvalent Bacteriophages by Sequential Multiple-Host Approaches

Many studies on phage biology are based on isolation methods that may inadvertently select for narrow-host-range phages. Consequently, broad-host-range phages, whose ecological significance is largely unexplored, are consistently overlooked. To enhance research on such polyvalent phages, we developed two sequential multihost isolation methods and tested both culture-dependent and culture-independent phage libraries for broad infectivity. Lytic phages isolated from activated sludge were capable of interspecies or even interorder infectivity without a significant reduction in the efficiency of plating (0.45 to 1.15). Two polyvalent phages (PX1 of the Podoviridae family and PEf1 of the Siphoviridae family) were characterized in terms of adsorption rate (3.54 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 8.53 × 10⁻¹⁰ ml/min), latent time (40 to 55 min), and burst size (45 to 99 PFU/cell), using different hosts. These phages were enriched with a nonpathogenic host (Pseudomonas putida F1 or Escherichia coli K-12) and subsequently used to infect model problematic bacteria. By using a multiplicity of infection of 10 in bacterial challenge tests, >60% lethality was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa relative to uninfected controls. The corresponding lethality for Pseudomonas syringae was ∼50%. Overall, this work suggests that polyvalent phages may be readily isolated from the environment by using different sequential hosts, and this approach should facilitate the study of their ecological significance as well as enable novel applications.     

两株聚球藻伴生细菌分离纯化与促生功能鉴定

【背景】蓝藻周围存在伴生细菌,伴生细菌与蓝藻具有复杂的作用关系。【目的】研究淡水聚球藻伴生细菌对聚球藻生长的影响。【方法】采用高通量测序分析聚球藻伴生细菌多样性;平板划线法纯化聚球藻伴生细菌,通过形态观察结合16S rRNA基因序列同源性比对,对其种属关系进行确定;通过聚球藻和不同浓度伴生细菌共培养测定其叶绿素a浓度,分析伴生细菌对聚球藻生长的影响;采用种子发芽试验验证伴生细菌促生功能。【结果】淡水聚球藻伴生细菌优势菌属为产卟啉杆菌属(Porphyrobacter)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、水单胞菌属(Aquimonas)和中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium),从聚球藻分离获得了两株伴生细菌JQ1和JQ2,基于16S rRNA基因序列鉴定其分别属于Rhizobium和Peribacillus,通过在聚球藻与不同浓度伴生细菌共培养及水稻发芽试验验证,证明伴生细菌JQ1和JQ2在菌藻比例分别为5:1和15:1时具有促生作用,都对增强秧苗素质和根系发育有一定影响但JQ2与JQ1相比能显著提高水稻种子的发芽率。【结论】淡水聚球藻伴生细菌JQ1和JQ2在适宜的浓度均可显著促进聚球...     

戊型肝炎病毒实验感染恒河猴的研究

报道了用戊型肝炎(Hepatitis E, HE)病人粪便悬液感染恒河猴后的组织病理学、血液生化与免疫学以及病毒学分子生物学检测的结果.三只实验猴在感染后第3～4周均出现ALT异常;粪便以及肝脏与胆囊组织超薄切片中电镜观察到27～34nm大小的病毒样颗粒;病理组织切片观察表明,肝脏组织有典型的急性炎症病灶;粪便与血清经RT-nPCR扩增到戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E Virus, HEV)特异性片段,粪便排毒从感染后第7天持续至第50天左右,病毒血症迟于粪便排毒,出现于感染后两周左右,维持1～2周;ELISA检测发现,实验猴血清中HEV IgG抗体水平在感染后3～4周阳转,4～5个月后转阴.这些实验结果提示,恒河猴作为HEV感染实验动物模型是理想的,建立系统的恒河猴实验模型对探讨HEV感染发病机理、机体免疫应答以及临床诊断与疫苗研制具有重要意义.     

滨海白首乌(耳叶牛皮消)药理活性研究进展

滨海白首乌(耳叶牛皮消)是一种传统中药材,为萝藦科鹅绒藤属植物耳叶牛皮消的块根。耳叶牛皮消具有抗肿瘤、调节免疫、抗氧化、抗衰老、调血脂、促进毛发生长、保护脏器等多种药理活性。本文分析了耳叶牛皮消药理活性,提出了今后耳叶牛皮消研究与开发利用方向。     

中国家蚕抗菌肽人工合成类CMⅣ基因在甜菜夜蛾虫体中的表达

将人工合成的中国家蚕抗菌肽类CMⅣ基因与抗菌肽信号肽基因连接 ,经EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切后 ,克隆于pFASTBacⅠ的EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ酶切位点之间 ,得到重组转座载体pFASTBac ABP ,经测序证明阳性克隆正确。将重组转座载体转化HD1 0Bac大肠杆菌 ,得到重组Bacmid ABP。将重组Bacmid转染sf2 1细胞及感染甜菜夜蛾 (Laphygmaexigua)幼虫 ,在培养细胞上清及虫体血淋巴中均测到抗菌活性。经Northernblotting证明感染甜菜夜蛾幼虫中有类CMⅣmRNA的存在。且表达产物在酸性电泳中电泳行为与天然抗菌肽CMⅣ组分相似。为进一步利用昆虫细胞及虫体生产抗菌肽药物打下了基础。