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Biological Trace Element Research - The essential trace elements in 30 traditional Chinese medicines, (24 tonics and 6 nontonics) were determined by proton-induced X-ray emission. The... 相似文献
13.
Inter- and intraclade neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: genetic clades do not correspond to neutralization serotypes but partially correspond to gp120 antigenic serotypes. 总被引:22,自引:18,他引:4
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We have studied genetic variation among clades A through E of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the levels of antibody binding to gp120 molecules and virus neutralization. We are unable to identify neutralization serotypes that correspond to the genetic clades. Instead, we observe that inter- and intraclade neutralization of primary isolates by HIV-1-positive sera is generally weak and sporadic; some sera show a reasonable degree of neutralization breadth and potency whereas others are relatively sensitive to neutralization, but no consistent pattern was found. However, a few sera were able to neutralize across clades with significant potency, an observation which may have implications for the feasibility of a broadly effective HIV-1 vaccine involving humoral immunity. Serological assays measuring anti-gp120 antibody binding also failed to identify serotypes that correspond precisely to the genetic clades, but some indications of clade-specific binding were observed, notably with sera from clades B and E. A representative protein for each clade (A through E) was selected on the basis of its specificity, defined as high seroreactivity with sera from individuals infected with virus of that clade and lower reactivity with sera from individuals infected with viruses from other clades. The seroreactivity patterns against these five proteins could be used to predict the genotype of the infecting virus with moderate success. 相似文献
14.
Estimating single-channel kinetic parameters from idealized patch-clamp data containing missed events. 总被引:32,自引:6,他引:26
We present here a maximal likelihood algorithm for estimating single-channel kinetic parameters from idealized patch-clamp data. The algorithm takes into account missed events caused by limited time resolution of the recording system. Assuming a fixed dead time, we derive an explicit expression for the corrected transition rate matrix by generalizing the theory of Roux and Sauve (1985, Biophys. J. 48:149-158) to the case of multiple conductance levels. We use a variable metric optimizer with analytical derivatives for rapidly maximizing the likelihood. The algorithm is applicable to data containing substates and multiple identical or nonidentical channels. It allows multiple data sets obtained under different experimental conditions, e.g., concentration, voltage, and force, to be fit simultaneously. It also permits a variety of constraints on rate constants and provides standard errors for all estimates of model parameters. The algorithm has been tested extensively on a variety of kinetic models with both simulated and experimental data. It is very efficient and robust; rate constants for a multistate model can often be extracted in a processing time of approximately 1 min, largely independent of the starting values. 相似文献
15.
中药凌霄花的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对中药凌霄花的研究进展进行了综述,包括生药学研究、化学成分研究、药理学研究及临床应用。 相似文献
16.
用抗单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)型共同性gC和gD羊克隆抗体(McAb),包被即Eppendorf管,捕捉HSV,同时加入3个引物:一个是HSV─1/HSV─2型共同性上游引物,另两个分别是HSV─1和HSV─2型特异性下游引物。借此建立了能直接分型检测HSV的抗原捕获聚合酶链式反应(AC─PCR)。HSV─1的扩增产物为477bp,HSV─2的为399bp两型病毒经AC─PCR扩增后产生分子量不同的DNA片段,致使AC─PCR能直接分型检测HSV。HSV─1和HSV─2扩增产物的克隆和序列分析表明,本方法特异性好。用本法检测Balb/c幼鼠中枢神经系统HSV感染的脑标本,进一步证实本方法不仅敏感、特异,而且分型准确。 相似文献
17.
草鱼出血病病毒多肽的免疫原性 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
采用中和试验比较了草鱼出血病病毒GCHV873的11个多肽的免疫原性,确定了主要中和抗原。纯化的单个病毒多肽免疫家兔获得抗血清,多太VP1、VP5、VP6和VP9的抗血清具有中和效价,而VP2、VP3、VP4、VP8、VP10和VP11则不能诱生中和抗体。其中VP5的抗血清中和效价最高,因此,VP6极可能是病毒多肽中的主要中和抗原。 相似文献
18.
本文设计一种由胶原和高分子聚合物组成的新型生物一人工复合血管。其研制过程是将包绕有聚酯网的硅胶棒埋入羊的皮下组织,再将形成的经聚酯网为支架的胶原管经醛化处理。作者通过肉眼和SEM观察提出了研制生物——人工复合血管的要点:聚酯网网孔要合适,其与硅胶棒的间隙要恰当,理化处理方法更要选择好。 相似文献
19.
We determined the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment which contains the replication region of pMSC262, a Mycobacterium scrofulaceum plasmid used to construct the Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. The complete sequence of the fragment contained 2,504 bp with an overall G+C content of 69.8%. By deletion analysis, we found that the minimum length required for plasmid replication in M. bovis BCG was about 1.6 kb. Within this region, several open reading frames (ORFs) and a putative replication origin (ori) were identified by computer analysis. One of the ORFs, ORF2, which encodes a putative 28.9-kDa basic protein with characteristics of DNA-binding proteins, appeared to be involved in replication of the plasmid in BCG. By separation of ORF2 and the putative ori region, it was revealed that the relative locations of ORF2 and the putative ori region are likely important for replication in BCG. No DNA or amino acid homologies were found between this replication region and that of pAL5000, another mycobacterial plasmid used for vector plasmid construction. In addition, we found that this replicon did not lead to replication in E. coli and was compatible in BCG with pAL5000-derived vector plasmid pYUB75 (R. G. Barletta, D. D. Kim, S. B. Snapper, B. R. Bloom, and W. R. Jacobs, J., J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:23-30, 1992). 相似文献
20.
华中冬青化学成分的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
从华中冬青(Ilex centrochinensis S.Y.Hu)的叶片分离到9 种黄酮类化合物:1 种新化合物鉴定为3,5,5,7-四羟基二氢黄酮,命名为华中冬青黄酮(Ⅰ);8 种化合物鉴定为柚皮素(Ⅱ)、橙皮素(Ⅲ)、异樱花素(Ⅳ)、枸柑甙(Ⅴ)、橙皮甙(Ⅵ)、洋芹素(Ⅶ)、紫云英甙(Ⅷ)和野漆树甙(Ⅸ)。它们皆首次从该植物分得 相似文献