多道检索表的研究进展

在没有利用计算机技术之前, 多道检索表停留在“穿孔卡”检索表形式, 目前, 在计算机辅助下的多道检索表已很快发展出多种检索系统, 如DELTA、Lucid和NaviKey等。本文主要比较了在国内外影响较大的6种多道检索系统在体系结构、用户界面、数据库和检索策略等方面的异同, 并从性状选取自由、容错度、模糊表达、数值型性状、最佳检索性状、保留性状未知的分类群以及检索特征等7个方面对检索策略进行了深入分析。鉴于多道检索表存在多种异名, 不便于研究交流, 我们建议使用“Multi-access keys”作为正式名称。最后本文就多道检索表的发展趋势提出了展望。     

Analysis of Prunus armeniaca volatiles and the electroantennogram responses induced by them in Lcolytus rugulosus

田间观察发现,伐倒木对杏树皱小蠹Lcolytus rugulosus Ratzeburg有很强的引诱作用.采用顶空吸附采样方法林间采集杏树不同部位的挥发性成分,经热脱附吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(TCT-GC-MS)分析、鉴定杏树挥发物的组成成分.发现杏树释放的挥发性成分主要由脂肪族的绿叶成分和醛类物质组成,且不同部位的挥发物种类含量有一定差异.从已分析出的化合物中选取10种于室内进行杏树皱小蠹的触角电位试验,试验中以玻璃电极配合Kassiling's电生理盐水作为导电电极,反-2-己烯-1-醛作为测定值的参照物,对试验结果进行处理得到相对反应值.研究表明,皱小蠹的触角对醛类化合物正庚醛、2-乙基丁醛、壬醛等有较强的触角电位反应,其中对正庚醛相对反应值最大,是对标样反应值的4.29倍;对挥发性绿叶成分2-乙基-1-己醇触角电位也有一定的反应;对单萜烯类化合物α-派烯的触角电位反应较弱.     

Characterization, cloning, and heterologous expression of a subtilisin-like serine protease gene VlPr1 from Verticillium lecanii

The entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii is a well-known biocontrol agent. V. lecanii produces subtilisin-like serine protease (Pr1), which is important in the biological control activity of some insect pests by degrading insect cuticles. In this study, a subtilisin-like serine protease gene VlPr1 was cloned from the fungus and the VlPr1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The VlPr1 gene contains an open reading frame (ORF) interrupted by three short introns, and encodes a protein of 379 amino acids. Protein sequence analysis revealed high homology with subtilisin serine proteases. The molecular mass of the protease was 38 kDa, and the serine protease exhibited its maximal activity at 40°C and pH 9.0. Protease activity was also affected by Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration. The protease showed inhibitory activity against several plant pathogens, especially towards Fusarium moniliforme.     

番荔枝科蚁花属和澄广花属叶的比较解剖学研究

利用扫描电镜技术,叶片离析方法和石蜡切片法对蚁花属1种和澄广花属9种植物叶的形态结构进行比较研究。结果表明,两属植物有许多相似之处,但又有以下一些显著不同;蚁花属植物叶表皮细胞均具一晶族,叶肉组织中具1-2层栅栏组织细胞,油细胞均匀分布在栅栏组织和海绵组织中,栅栏组织在主脉处不连续,而澄广花属植物叶的表皮细胞内具一单斜晶,叶肉组织中具1层栅栏组织细胞,油细胞仅分布在海绵组织中,栅栏组织在主脉处连续,结果为蚁花属和澄广花属的分类学处理提供了新证据。     

The role of Dickkopf-1 as a potential prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Dickkopf-1(DKK-1), the downstream target of β-catenin/T-cell factor, participates in a negative feedback loop in the Wnt signaling and reported as an important biomarker in many tumors. In this study, we analyzed the expression of DKK-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients at both mRNA and protein levels. We used real-time PCR to detect the expression of DKK-1 in 32 PDAC and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues, results suggested that the expression of DKK-1 was increased in PDAC tissues. We found the similar results in the analysis of 3 independent microarray data sets. Immunohistochemical staining of 311 pairs of PDAC tissues suggested that DKK-1 expression was significantly associated with T classification (P = 0.039) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.035). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis for DKK-1 expression demonstrated that patients with higher DKK-1 level had shorter overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) time in Ren Ji cohort and online PDAC database at both mRNA and protein levels. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that DKK-1 as well as lymph node metastasis and histology were independent predictors of OS in patients with PDAC. This study demonstrated that DKK-1 may be a predictor for prognosis in PDAC patients.     

中国罗汉松属叶角质层微形态结构及其分类意义

利用扫描电镜对罗汉松属8种2变种植物叶角质层内外表面进行了细致观察。发现罗汉松属植物叶角质层结构具有许多相似特征,表皮细胞较为规则,长方形或多边形,边缘波状弯曲;气孔器排列成带状,长轴均与叶脉一致,气孔器具较为明显的气孔塞和伏罗林环,气孔器保卫细胞极延伸明显,通常具有2~4个副卫细胞、不具极副卫细胞。但罗汉松属叶角质层结构也具有明显的种间差异,镰叶罗汉松和洛杉矶罗汉松同其它种类差异最大,这两种植物叶两面均具气孔器,角质层内表面垂周壁直,角质层凸缘不明显;贺氏罗汉松最为显著的特征是近轴面和远轴面表皮细胞的垂周壁角质层厚且凸缘均极其发达;小叶罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列较为规则,多数为方形,长轴与叶脉垂直,垂周壁之间的角质层突起较为显著,延伸到皮下层;兰屿罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列较不规则,多边形,细胞的角端比较钝,没有棱角;大理罗汉松气孔带间隔较小,有时两条气孔带挤在一起,使副卫细胞紧连,近轴面表皮细胞较短,方形或长方形,垂周壁之间的角质层较不发达;海南罗汉松角质层气孔带间隔较宽,气孔器形状为阔椭圆形,近轴面表皮细胞均为细长方形;变种短叶罗汉松和狭叶罗汉松与罗汉松也具有明显差异,短叶罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列不规则,垂周壁深波状弯曲,凸缘极为明显,但原种罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞排列较为规则,垂周壁浅波状弯曲,凸缘不明显,而狭叶罗汉松近轴面表皮细胞方形或长方形,比罗汉松的表皮细胞短,垂周壁直或略弯曲,角质层极厚。这些角质层微形态特征差异可以作为罗汉松属内种类分类鉴定的依据。     

中国白粉菌的四个新记录分类群

报道了中国白粉菌科Erysiphaceae的四个新记录分类群,即:寄生于大刺儿菜上的梅厄白粉菌日本变种Erysiphemayoriivar.japonica,寄生于铺地委陵菜上的瑟门白粉菌Erysiphethuemenii,寄生于美女樱上的马鞭草高氏白粉菌Golovinomycesverbenae以及寄生于牻牛儿苗和老鹳草属上的老鹳草新白粉菌Neoerysiphegeranii。研究标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

Reduced Intensity Conditioning,Combined Transplantation of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia

We examined if transplantation of combined haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) affected graft failure and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Patients with SAA-I (N = 17) received haploidentical HSCT plus MSC infusion. Stem cell grafts used a combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed bone marrow and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells of haploidentical donors and the culture-expanded third-party donor-derived umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs), respectively. Reduced intensity conditioning consisted of fludarabine (30 mg/m²·d)+cyclosphamide (500 mg/m²·d)+anti-human thymocyte IgG. Transplant recipients also received cyclosporin A, mycophenolatemofetil, and CD25 monoclonal antibody. A total of 16 patients achieved hematopoietic reconstitution. The median mononuclear cell and CD34 count was 9.3×10⁸/kg and 4.5×10⁶/kg. Median time to ANC was >0.5×10⁹/L and PLT count >20×10⁹/L were 12 and 14 days, respectively. Grade III-IV acute GVHD was seen in 23.5% of the cases, while moderate and severe chronic GVHD were seen in 14.2% of the cases. The 3-month and 6-month survival rates for all patients were 88.2% and 76.5%, respectively; mean survival time was 56.5 months. Combined transplantation of haploidentical HSCs and MSCs on SAA without an HLA-identical sibling donor was safe, effectively reduced the incidence of severe GVHD, and improved patient survival.     

海水养殖尾水处理系统中微生物群落对水处理阶段的响应

为了阐明南美白对虾高位池养殖尾水处理系统中不同水处理阶段微生物群落演替机制, 利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析了水体和生物膜的微生物群落结构。结果显示, 在水处理系统中主要是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria), 平均占细菌总OTU的88.61%。生物膜中生物多样性指数普遍高于水样, 与水体的共有菌为320种, 载体不同是造成群落结构差异的主要原因, 黏土陶粒和北美海蓬子(Salicornia bigelovii)根系是硝化作用的主要反应场所。在属水平上筛选出160种微生物, 主要属于变形菌门、拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门、蓝细菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及放线菌门, 它们能够较好地区分菌群的来源及水处理的反应阶段。研究揭示了不同水处理阶段以及不同生物填料中微生物动态变化情况, 为今后的海水养殖尾水处理提供理论依据和技术参考。     

毛尖连轴藓及其近缘种的比较形态学研究

连轴藓属(Schistidium Brid.)的毛尖连轴藓(S.lancifolium)、圆蒴连轴藓(S.apocarpum)和粗疣连轴藓(S.strictum)在内蒙古贺兰山和黑龙江五大连池均有分布,它们的形态特征较为相似,极易混淆,因此对其分类鉴定较困难。本文利用光学显微镜并结合Blom的形态学和Ignatova的分子系统学分类观点,对采自两个地区的3种连轴藓属植物标本进行了分类研究,并对它们的形态特征进行了详细描述。其形态特征是:圆蒴连轴藓叶中肋背部无疣或上部具分散低疣、叶缘上部微具钝齿,毛尖平滑或具小齿;毛尖连轴藓叶中肋背面中部以上具高疣、叶缘中上部具强烈不规则的齿或锯齿,毛尖具强烈刺状齿;粗疣连轴藓除叶中肋背部具疣外,叶片细胞也具疣。根据以上特征可以区别并确认这3个种是各自独立的种。在此基础上,根据Blom的分类观点,并参照相关文献编制了中国连轴藓属11个种的分种检索表。本研究进一步确认了毛尖连轴藓在中国的地理分布,丰富了中国连轴藓属的研究资料。