Hemin with Peroxidase Activity Can Inhibit the Oxidative Damage Induced by Ultraviolet A

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), a highly reactive substance that contains oxygen, induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) cause oxidative damage to skin. We confirmed that hemin can catalyze the reaction of tyrosine (Tyr) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Catalysis was found to effectively reduce or eliminate oxidative damage to cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA. The scavenging effects of hemin for other free-radical ROS were also evaluated through pyrogallol autoxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·)-scavenging assays, and phenanthroline–Fe²⁺ assays. The results show that a mixture of hemin and tyrosine exhibits strong scavenging activities for H₂O₂, superoxide anion (O₂⁻·), DPPH·, and the hydroxyl radical (·OH). Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidative damage to human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells induced by H₂O₂ or UVA was evaluated. The results show that catalysis can significantly reduce the ratio of cell apoptosis and death and inhibit the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the resistance to apoptosis was found to be enhanced. These results show that the mixture of hemin and tyrosine has a significantly protective effect against oxidative damage to HaCaT cells caused by UVA, suggesting it as a protective agent for combating UVA damage.     

淀粉分支酶sbeIIb基因RNA干涉片段转化玉米自交系的研究

玉米高直链淀粉育种是玉米分子育种的一个重要研究方向.本实验中,首先研究了不同诱导愈伤培养基对再生体系的影响,确定了LS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+L-pro 700 mg/L+CH 500 mg/L+3 %蔗糖为诱导培养基.同时,构建并验证了含有淀粉分支酶sbeIIb基因双干涉片段载体和胚乳特异性启动子的表达载体pCAMBIA 1301+Glu+1620,并转入根癌农杆菌EHA105,以农杆菌转化法转化玉米自交系178.通过PCR检测,5株转化株表现阳性,初步证明了干涉片段已整合入玉米基因组中.     

The mode of action of thidiazuron: auxins,indoleamines, and ion channels in the regeneration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Echinacea purpurea</Emphasis> L.

The biochemical mechanisms underlying thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced regeneration in plant cells have not been clearly elucidated. Exposure of leaf explants of Echinacea purpurea to a medium containing TDZ results in undifferentiated cell proliferation and differentiated growth as mixed shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The current studies were undertaken to determine the potential roles of auxin, indoleamines, and ion signaling in the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of plant cells. E. purpurea leaf explants were found to contain auxin and the related indoleamine neurotransmitters, melatonin, and serotonin. The levels of these endogenous indoleamines were increased by exposure to TDZ associated with the induction of regeneration. The auxin-transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and auxin action inhibitor, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid decreased the TDZ-induced regeneration but increased concentrations of endogenous serotonin and melatonin. As well, inhibitors of calcium and sodium transport significantly reduced TDZ-induced morphogenesis while increasing endogenous indoleamine content. These data indicate that TDZ-induced regeneration is the manifestation of a metabolic cascade that includes an initial signaling event, accumulation, and transport of endogenous plant signals such as auxin and melatonin, a system of secondary messengers, and a concurrent stress response.     

泛素化修饰与植物免疫应答

植物暴露在细菌、病毒和真菌等病原微生物环境中,病虫害是限制农作物产量和品质的主要因素,而植物病虫害的防治依赖于对植物抗病机制的深入认识。近年来的研究表明,蛋白质泛素化广泛地参与植物防御调节。蛋白质泛素化是真核生物中重要的翻译后修饰方式之一,在植物中,泛素化修饰在多种信号传导途径中发挥作用,如激素、光、糖应答,发育调节和病原菌防御信号途径等。综述了蛋白质泛素化修饰在植物免疫应答中的调控作用。     

尿蛋白质组学在肾脏疾病研究中的应用

长期以来,肾脏病的治疗进展一直十分缓慢,这是因为目前一些肾脏病在诊断分型上存在很多缺陷,分型通常只能依靠细微的组织病理学差异,这使早期诊断、预后追踪以及疗效观察都十分困难。如果能发现像肌钙蛋白一样特异的生物学标志物,将有助于提高肾脏病的诊疗水平。由于尿液与泌尿系统之间存在着天然的联系,这使得尿液在反映泌尿系统功能方面具备"地理"优势。因此,尿蛋白质组学的兴起和发展为肾脏病及其他泌尿系统疾病的研究开启了一扇新的大门。该文综述了尿蛋白质组学技术的发展及其在各种泌尿系统疾病研究中的应用。