外源多胺对铜胁迫下荇菜叶片生物膜的保护作用

研究外源亚精胺和精胺对铜胁迫下荇菜叶片细胞膜透性、膜脂脂肪酸组成、光合、呼吸、铜积累影响的结果表明,50μmol·L^-1CuSO4处理导致膜脂脂肪酸组分中饱和脂肪酸组分增加,不饱和脂肪酸组分及不饱和指数（IUFA）下降,细胞膜透性加大,光合速率下降,呼吸速率迅速上升,铜在叶细胞中大量积累。外施0．1mmol·L^-1亚精胺和精胺可以稳定生物膜的结构和功能,降低铜在细胞中的累积。     

大蒜中期染色体内的核糖核蛋白物质

研究了大蒜（Ａｌｌｉｕｍ ｓａｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）中期染色体的超微结构和ＲＮＰ物质。常规染色表明,大部分染色体内部有低电子密度区,有的染色体中低电子密度区域较大而似孔洞。银染结果也证明了有大小不等的孔洞存在。Ｂｅｒｎｈａｒｄ 染色显示,在染色体周边和染色体内部都有ＲＮＰ分布。用ＮａＯＨ 处理证明了Ｂｅｒｎｈａｒｄ 染色法所显示的深染区确实含有ＲＮＡ。ＲＮＰ量的多少与ＥＤＴＡ 的分化时间呈负相关     

肠道菌群对耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌定殖抗性的研究进展

耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌(carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,CRE)在肠腔中定殖通常先于或并存于CRE的感染.正常情况下,定殖的CRE、肠道菌群和宿主相互作用,处于稳定平衡的状态,当肠道菌群出现失调时,肠道正常菌群失去对定殖CRE的抵抗力,增加CRE感染的风险.大量研究表明...     

中国产桫椤类配子体在不同基质胁迫下的形态畸变多样性研究

为了明确土壤污染对中国产桫椤科植物的生殖影响,以探讨中国桫椤类乃至其他濒危蕨类濒危的内在原因。该研究以中国产9种桫椤植物为材料,采用各植物原产地地表土壤培养孢子至配子体成熟,全程比较观察配子体畸变类型,统计畸变率;并分别取3个属的代表种笔筒树、大叶黑桫椤和中华桫椤的孢子,以MS培养基为对照,分别用5mg·kg^-1Pb^2+和1mg·kg^-1Cd^2+单因素胁迫培养配子体,比较观察各组的配子体形态畸变类型,统计畸变率。结果表明:(1)中国产桫椤类9种植物配子体培养过程中共出现17种形态畸变类型,其中4种为分化畸变,7种为假根畸变,4种为细胞畸变,2种为性器畸变。(2)不同培养基——对照组(MS培养基)、原产地土壤、Cd^2+胁迫、Pb^2+胁迫对中国产桫椤科9种植物配子体的平均畸变比例分别是2.28%、12.61%、31.58%和33.58%。(3)9种桫椤的配子体畸变类型及其畸变率均与培养基的胁迫程度呈正相关关系,其配子体发育都受到了产地土壤污染的严重伤害。(4)3种桫椤属植物配子体对土壤环境胁迫的耐受力强弱为黑桫椤属>白桫椤属>桫椤属。(5)桫椤科配子体的形态畸变多样性与胁迫条件之间具有稳定的对应关系。     

An unconventionally secreted effector from the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita,Mi-ISC-1, promotes parasitism by disrupting salicylic acid biosynthesis in host plants

Plant-parasitic nematodes need to deliver effectors that suppress host immunity for successful parasitism. We have characterized a novel isochorismatase effector from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, named Mi-ISC-1. The Mi-isc-1 gene is expressed in the subventral oesophageal glands and is up-regulated in parasitic-stage juveniles. Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing targeting Mi-isc-1 attenuated M. incognita parasitism. Enzyme activity assays confirmed that Mi-ISC-1 can catalyse hydrolysis of isochorismate into 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate in vitro. Although Mi-ISC-1 lacks a classical signal peptide for secretion at its N-terminus, a yeast invertase secretion assay showed that this protein can be secreted from eukaryotic cells. However, the subcellular localization and plasmolysis assay revealed that the unconventional secretory signal present on the Mi-ISC-1 is not recognized by the plant secretory pathway and that the effector was localized within the cytoplasm of plant cells, but not apoplast, when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration. Ectopic expression of Mi-ISC-1 in N. benthamiana reduced expression of the PR1 gene and levels of salicylic acid (SA), and promoted infection by Phytophthora capsici. The cytoplasmic localization of Mi-ISC-1 is required for its function. Moreover, Mi-ISC-1 suppresses the production of SA following the reconstitution of the de novo SA biosynthesis via the isochorismate pathway in the cytoplasm of N. benthamiana leaves. These results demonstrate that M. incognita deploys a functional isochorismatase that suppresses SA-mediated plant defences by disrupting the isochorismate synthase pathway for SA biosynthesis to promote parasitism.     

Nicotinic acid and DP1 blockade: studies in mouse models of atherosclerosis

The use of nicotinic acid to treat dyslipidemia is limited by induction of a “flushing” response, mediated in part by the interaction of prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) with its G-protein coupled receptor, DP1 (Ptgdr). The impact of DP1 blockade (genetic or pharmacologic) was assessed in experimental murine models of atherosclerosis. In Ptgdr^−/−ApoE^−/− mice versus ApoE^−/− mice, both fed a high-fat diet, aortic cholesterol content was modestly higher (1.3- to 1.5-fold, P < 0.05) in Ptgdr^−/−ApoE^−/− mice at 16 and 24 weeks of age, but not at 32 weeks. In multiple ApoE^−/− mouse studies, a DP1-specific antagonist, L-655, generally had a neutral to beneficial effect on aortic lipids in the presence or absence of nicotinic acid treatment. In a separate study, a modest increase in some atherosclerotic measures was observed with L-655 treatment in Ldlr^−/− mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks; however, this effect was not sustained for 16 or 24 weeks. In the same study, treatment with nicotinic acid alone generally decreased plasma and/or aortic lipids, and addition of L-655 did not negate those beneficial effects. These studies demonstrate that inhibition of DP1, with or without nicotinic acid treatment, does not lead to consistent or sustained effects on plaque burden in mouse atherosclerotic models.     

Microbial Community Analysis and Effects of Fe(II)/Mn(II) Ratio on Denitrification in the Mixotrophic Biological Reactor

In this study, the denitrification performance of the mixotrophic biological reactor was investigated under varying Fe(II)/Mn(II) molar ratio conditions. Results indicate that the optimal nitrate removal ratio occurred at an Fe(II)/Mn(II) molar ratio of 9:1, pH of 7, with an HRT of 10?h. When the reactor was performing under optimal conditions, the nitrate removal reached 100.00% at a rate of 0.116?mmol·L^?1·h^?1. The proportion of oxidized Fe(II) and Mn(II) reached 99.29% and 21.88%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing results show that Pseudomonas was the dominant species in the mixotrophic biological reactor. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and denitrification performance was significantly influenced by variation in the Fe(II)/Mn(II) molar ratio.     

Cloning and biological activity of an anti-tumor peptide of Tumstatin

To obtain an anti-tumor peptide of Tumstatin and detect its biological activity, the nucleotide sequence encoding 185–203 amino acids (19peptide) of Tumstatin was synthesized and inserted into the fusion protein vector pTYB2. After identification by sequencing and restriction endonucleases, the recombined vector was transformed into BL-21 (DE3) E. coli competent cells. Transformed E. coli BL-21 (DE3) were induced by isopropyl-β-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), and then expressed. By 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) reduction, the soluble 19peptide was obtained from a chitin affinity chromatograph. The biological activity of 19peptide was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1]-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell growth curve, the effect of the ascitic fluid transfevent H22 hepatoma on mice and via histopathological slices. The purified 19peptide directly inhibited proliferation and migration of murine B16 melanoma cells, SMMC-7721hepatoma carcinoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The tumor inhibition rate of mice ascitic fluid transfevent H22 hepatoma was 48.46%. Histopathological slices showed that it could promote tumor tissue necrosis and decrease the density of blood vessels. With higher anti-tumor activity, 19peptide has the potential to become a novel, potent anti-tumor agent. Translated from Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2005, 21(3): 322–328 [译自: 中国生物化学与分子生物学学报]