肽链释放因子和核糖体蛋白L11在八肋游仆虫细胞中的定位

原生动物纤毛虫是一类单细胞真核生物,其蛋白质合成终止过程中密码子使用的特殊性使其成为研究蛋白质合成终止机制的一个经典模型。为了能够有效地分析生物大分子在该细胞中的功能作用位点,本研究根据该生物染色体结构的特征,构建了含有红色荧光蛋白基因的大核人工染色体EoMAC_R,并与之前构建的含绿色荧光蛋白基因的大核染色体EoMAC_G一起,对蛋白质合成终止有关的3个重要因子核糖体大亚基蛋白L11、多肽链释放因子eRF1和eRF3在八肋游仆虫细胞中进行了荧光共定位分析。结果显示,在八肋游仆虫细胞中,蛋白质翻译过程主要位于"C"形大核内侧区域。构建的人工染色体能够作为一种有效的工具,对目的蛋白质在八肋游仆虫细胞中进行定位分析。     

华北落叶松树皮表面细菌群落多样性及其分布格局

附生在树皮表面的微生物,对于宿主植物的健康和环境适应性发挥重要作用,树皮微生境中微生物群落结构和多样性及其维持机制有待关注。【目的】本文对庞泉沟自然保护区不同海拔梯度的华北落叶松树干的背阴面与向阳面的树皮表面细菌群落的分布特征和适应机制进行了研究。【方法】通过PCR-DGGE和高通量测序技术研究细菌群落特征,对树皮表面细菌群落的空间分布特征进行了非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序分析,通过冗余分析(RDA)研究细菌群落与树皮表面理化性质的关系,单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)比较树皮背阴面与向阳面细菌群落组成,基于零偏差分析研究背阴面与向阳面细菌群落构建的驱动因素。【结果】不同海拔梯度间的细菌群落结构有显著性差异(ANOSIM;P<0.05),树皮表面的微环境因子p H和总碳(TC)与群落结构显著相关(P<0.05);向阳面树皮表面的光合自养型细菌(隶属于蓝细菌门的未命名的目)的相对丰度显著高于背阴面,而根瘤菌目的相对丰度呈相反的趋势,光照可能是引起细菌群落结构发生变化的驱动因子;零偏差分析结果表明,华北落叶松树皮背阴面、向阳面细菌群落的多样性格局主要受环境过滤的影响。【结论】环境因子主导的确定性过程是驱动该地区华北落叶松树皮表面细菌群落结构和多样性的主导因素。     

Characterization and prognostic significance of alternative splicing events in lower‐grade diffuse gliomas

Alternative splicing (AS) is assumed to play important roles in the progression and prognosis of cancer. Currently, the comprehensive analysis and clinical relevance of AS in lower‐grade diffuse gliomas have not been systematically addressed. Here, we gathered alternative splicing data of lower‐grade diffuse gliomas from SpliceSeq. Based on the Percent Spliced In (PSI) values of 515 lower‐grade diffuse glioma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we performed subtype‐differential AS analysis and consensus clustering to determine robust clusters of patients. A total of 48 050 AS events in 10 787 genes in lower‐grade diffuse gliomas were profiled. Subtype‐differential splicing analysis and functional annotation revealed that spliced genes were significantly enriched in numerous cancer‐related biological phenotypes and signalling pathways. Consensus clustering using AS events identified three robust clusters of patients with distinguished pathological and prognostic features. Moreover, each cluster was also associated with distinct genomic alterations. Finally, we developed and validated an AS‐related signature with Cox proportional hazards model. The signature, significantly associated with clinical and molecular features, could serve as an independent prognostic factor for lower‐grade diffuse gliomas. Thus, our results indicated that AS events could discriminate molecular subtypes and have prognostic impact in lower‐grade diffuse gliomas.     

Neuroprotective effects of 1‐O‐hexyl‐2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone on ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced neuronal injury by activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway

1‐O‐Hexyl‐2,3,5‐trimethylhydroquinone (HTHQ), a lipophilic phenolic agent, has an antioxidant activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging property. However, the role of HTHQ on cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that HTHQ treatment ameliorated cerebral I/R injury in vivo, as demonstrated by the decreased infarct volume ration, neurological deficits, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. HTHQ treatment increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant protein, haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). In addition, HTHQ treatment decreases oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis of PC12 cells following hypoxia and reperfusion (H/R) in vitro. Moreover, we provided evidence that PC12 cells were more vulnerable to H/R‐induced oxidative stress after si‐Nrf2 transfection, and the HTHQ‐mediated protection was lost in PC12 cells transfected with siNrf2. In conclusion, these results suggested that HTHQ possesses neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and apoptosis after cerebral I/R injury via activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.     

Shortening the sgRNA-DNA interface enables SpCas9 and eSpCas9(1.1) to nick the target DNA strand

The length of the sgRNA-DNA complementary sequence is a key factor influencing the cleavage activity of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and its variants. The detailed mechanism remains unknown. Here, based on in vitro cleavage assays and base editing analysis, we demonstrate that reducing the length of this complementary region can confer nickase activity on SpCas9 and eSpCas9(1.1). We also show that these nicks are made on the target DNA strand. These properties encouraged us to develop a dual-functional system that simultaneously carries out double-strand DNA cleavage and C-to-T base conversions at separate targets. This system provides a novel tool for achieving trait stacking in plants.

     

泸型酒酒醅与窖泥中梭菌群落结构、演替和功能差异

梭菌对泸型酒风味品质的发酵形成具有重要作用,但目前对酒醅和窖泥中梭菌群落的物种组成、发酵演替规律以及代谢功能的差异尚缺少深入认识。采用分子微生态学技术,在种水平上对比了同一窖池的酒醅和窖泥中梭菌纲细菌群落的结构差异和演替规律,并通过纯培养方法分离和评价了梭菌菌株的主要挥发性脂肪酸组成差异。结果表明,窖泥发酵过程中梭菌纲细菌和总细菌的基因拷贝数比值相对稳定(71.5%–91.2%),而酒醅中梭菌的变化则较大(0.9%–36.5%)。酒醅中优势梭菌纲细菌主要是梭菌属(Clostridium,19.9%)、沉积物菌属(Sedimentibacter,8.8%)和氢孢菌属(Hydrogenispora,7.2%),而窖泥中主要为氢孢菌属(57.2%)、沉积物菌属(5.4%)和产己酸菌属(Caproiciproducens,4.9%)。窖泥及酒醅发酵过程中梭菌群落结构差异显著(P=0.001)。分离获得的20株梭菌菌株具有不同的产挥发性脂肪酸能力。结果表明,窖池中梭菌纲细菌群落存在时空异质性,其结构和功能差异对泸型酒风味形成具有影响。     

血毒清联合杂合肾脏替代治疗对重症脓毒症的疗效、血流动力学和预后干预作用的研究

目的探讨血毒清联合杂合肾脏替代治疗（HRRT）重症脓毒症的效果及对血流动力学、预后的影响。 方法选取2017年3月至2019年8月十堰市太和医院重症脓毒症患者135例,在常规治疗基础上,按简单随机化法分为血毒清组、HHRT组和血毒清联合HRRT组（联合组）,每组45例,治疗5 d。治疗前和治疗5 d后序贯器官衰竭评分（SOFA）、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ评分（APACHEⅡ）、炎症因子指标[白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、IL-6、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）]水平、血流动力学指标[全身血管阻力指数（SVRI）、血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）、胸腔内血容积指数（ITBVI）、心指数（CI）]及重症监护室（ICU）住院时间比较采用配对t检验,多组间差异采用方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验,3组28 d病死率采用c²检验。 结果治疗5 d后,与联合组比较,HHRT组和血毒清组SOFA评分[（4.29±1.17）分比（6.15±1.39）分、（7.03±1.52）分]、APACHEⅡ评分[（11.68±2.12）分比（14.26±3.04）分、（15.17±2.85）分]、血清IL-10 [（36.61±6.50）μg/L比（42.75±7.42） μg/ L、（45.06±8.37） μg / L]、IL-6 [（130.26±41.04） pg/ mL比（169.84±46.75） pg/ mL、（178.36±50.91） pg/ mL]、PCT [（0.87±0.29） ng/mL比（1.96±0.47） ng/mL、（2.24±0.53）ng/mL]、CRP [（34.93±9.71） mg/ L比（51.67±10.32）mg/L、（56.79±11.82）mg/L] 、EVLWI [（4.12±1.38）mL/kg比（5.38±1.69） mL/ kg、（6.04±1.85）mL/kg]降低,而SVRI [（2079.54±124.75） dyn·s·cm^{- 5}·m²比（1865.37±109.38） dyn·s·cm^-5·m²、（1796.28±131.75）dyn·s·cm^-5·m²]、ITBVI [（1189.40±92.36） mL/ m²比（986.97±75.32）mL/m²、（902.37±68.64） mL/ m²]、CI [（4.26±0.65） L·min^-1·m^-2比（3.83±0.58）L·min^-1·m^-2、（3.67±0.53）L·min^-1·m^-2]均升高,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与联合组比较,HHRT组和血毒清组ICU住院时间[（14.82±4.40）d比（17.20±3.47）d、（18.46±4.25）d]缩短（P < 0.05）。 结论血毒清联合HRRT治疗重症脓毒症,对减少炎性因子水平,调节血流动力学具有一定作用,能够缩短ICU住院时间。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测金山醋酸乳杆菌的方法与应用

[目的] 建立基于实时荧光定量PCR （RT-qPCR）的金山醋酸乳杆菌特异性检测方法,并将其应用于食醋和白酒发酵过程样品的快速检测。[方法] 筛选金山醋酸乳杆菌基因组中特异性强的基因序列作为模板设计特异性引物,通过标准菌株、醋醅样品进行PCR验证引物的特异性和准确性,建立RT-qPCR方法分析金山醋酸乳杆菌在不同地区酒醅、醋醅和食醋样品中的含量。[结果] 以金山醋酸乳杆菌的苯丙氨酰-tRNA合成酶α亚基（编码pheS基因）为参考序列,设计了一对GC含量55%、T_m值59℃、可扩增199 bp片段的引物。建立的RT-qPCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高且重复性好,检测浓度范围为2.24-10.24 lg （copies/μL）,成功应用于4个地区的酒醅、醋醅和食醋样品检测。对镇江香醋醋酸发酵过程的研究表明,醋醅中的金山醋酸乳杆菌数量先迅速增加,随后稳定在10⁸ copies/g干醅。[结论] 本研究建立的RT-qPCR方法可对食醋和白酒发酵过程中金山醋酸乳杆菌进行特异性鉴定和快速定量。