匍匐茎草本植物蛇莓小尺度克隆结构

采用ISSR分子标记技术比较分析了3个斑块匍匐茎草本植物蛇莓的遗传多样性、克隆多样性和克隆结构,探讨蛇莓克隆结构的形成机制及与环境的相关性.结果表明蛇莓的遗传多样性较低,多态位点百分率P为37.93%, Shannon信息指数I为0.2402, Nei指数h为0.1677;蛇莓的克隆多样性与其它克隆植物较为接近,基因型比率G/N=0.2013,Simpson多样性指数D为0.6396,基因型分布的均匀度E为0.5862;蛇莓的遗传变异大部分存在于斑块间,基因流较小,仅为0.1019.3个斑块蛇莓的遗传多样性以临海斑块(LH)最高(P=10.34%, I =0.0513, h =0.0344),安吉斑块(AJ)次之(P=10.34%, I =0.0443, h =0.027),而天台斑块(TT)最低(P=5.17%, I =0.0325, h =0.0227).基株数目、基因型比率、Simpson多样性指数和基因型分布的均匀度均表明克隆多样性以LH斑块最大(G=12, G/N=0.3077, D=0.8677, E=0.8380),AJ斑块次之(G=9, G/N=0.1800, D=0.5870, E=0.4753),TT斑块最低(G=5, G/N=0.1163, D=0.4642, E=0.4453).3个斑块中均存在优势克隆,但优势克隆的大小在3个斑块中均不相同,以LH斑块最小,AJ斑块次之,TT斑块最大.空间自相关分析显示LH斑块在20 cm和40 cm时存在显著性正相关,其X轴截矩为49.959;AJ斑块仅在20 cm时存在显著性正相关,其X轴截矩为63.333;TT斑块在20 cm、30 cm、40 cm和70 cm时均存在显著性正相关,其X-轴截矩高达90.512.这表明3个不同斑块内蛇莓基因型的空间分布距离不同,TT斑块最大,AJ斑块最小;克隆所能到达的距离也不同,TT斑块最大,LH斑块最小.3个不同斑块蛇莓的遗传多样性、克隆多样性与克隆结构具有明显的差异.蛇莓的遗传多样性与克隆多样性与蛇莓较强的克隆繁殖能力和较低的种子萌发率有关.蛇莓的遗传结构、克隆结构及克隆的空间分布格局与不同斑块所处生境的生态因子及其它因素(如干扰、演替和突变)有关.     

水体泥沙对黑藻幼苗生长发育的影响

用粒径小于100μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60NTU和90NTU的浑浊水体,将黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)幼苗分别种植于上述水体中,水深约60cm,定期统计植株的节间距、株高、分枝数、叶宽、叶长、鲜重和泥沙附着量,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(DIVING-PAM)测定叶片的Fv/Fm,并测定附着泥沙叶片和未附着叶片快速光响应曲线。结果表明,前40d随着水体浊度的增加黑藻植株的节间距、株高呈显著的增加趋势,而分枝数和生物量增长速率呈显著降低趋势。植株生长接近水面后接受的光照强度增加,第60天时株高和叶宽增长受到显著抑制,但植株上层的分枝受到促进,生物量显著增加。同时,随着水体浊度的增加植株上的泥沙附着显著增加,第100天时在30、60NTU和90NTU水体中植株的叶宽分别比对照宽71.4%、57.1%、48.6%,叶长分别为对照的113.0%、85.5%和75.1%,差异极显著(P0.01);在高浊度(60NTU和90NTU)水体中,水体下部生物量显著降低,冠层叶片的Fv/Fm分别仅降低了5.5%(P0.05)、2.9%(P0.05),rETRmax分别降低了2.0%(P0.05)、16.8%(P0.01)。表明在水深较浅的泥沙水体中可以适当引种黑藻幼苗,植株可以正常生长发育。     

Genome‐wide distribution and functions of the AAE complex in epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis

Heterochromatin is widespread in eukaryotic genomes and has diverse impacts depending on its genomic context. Previous studies have shown that a protein complex, the ASI1‐AIPP1‐EDM2 (AAE) complex, participates in polyadenylation regulation of several intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes. However, the genome‐wide functions of AAE are still unknown. Here, we show that the ASI1 and EDM2 mostly target the common genomic regions on a genome‐wide level and preferentially interacts with genetic heterochromatin. Polyadenylation (poly(A) sequencing reveals that AAE complex has a substantial influence on poly(A) site usage of heterochromatin‐containing genes, including not only intronic heterochromatin‐containing genes but also the genes showing overlap with heterochromatin. Intriguingly, AAE is also involved in the alternative splicing regulation of a number of heterochromatin‐overlapping genes, such as the disease resistance gene RPP4. We provided evidence that genic heterochromatin is indispensable for the recruitment of AAE in polyadenylation and splicing regulation. In addition to conferring RNA processing regulation at genic heterochromatin‐containing genes, AAE also targets some transposable elements (TEs) outside of genes (including TEs sandwiched by genes and island TEs) for epigenetic silencing. Our results reveal new functions of AAE in RNA processing and epigenetic silencing, and thus represent important advances in epigenetic regulation.     

Rapid improvement of rice eating and cooking quality through gene editing toward glutelin as target

Rice eating and cooking quality(ECQ) is a major concern of breeders and consumers, determining market competitiveness worldwide. Rice grain protein content(GPC) is negatively related to ECQ,making it possible to improve ECQ by manipulating GPC. However, GPC is genetically complex and sensitive to environmental conditions; therefore, little progress has been made in traditional breeding for ECQ. Here, we report that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of genes encoding the grain storage protein gluteli...     

FERONIA is involved in phototropin 1-mediated blue light phototropic growth in Arabidopsis

Plant shoot phototropism is triggered by the formation of a light-driven auxin gradient leading to bending growth. The blue light receptor phototropin 1(phot1) senses light direction, but how this leads to auxin gradient formation and growth regulation remains poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested phot1’s role for regulated apoplastic acidification, but its relation to phototropin and hypocotyl phototropism is unclear. Herein, we show that blue light can cause phot1 to interact with...     

High auxin stimulates callus through SDG8-mediated histone H3K36 methylation in Arabidopsis

Callus induction,which results in fate transition in plant cells,is considered as the first and key step for plant regeneration.This process can be stimulated in different tissues by a callus-inducing medium(CIM),which contains a high concentration of phytohormone auxin.Although a few key regulators for callus induction have been identified,the multiple aspects of the regulatory mechanism driven by high levels of auxin still need further investigation.Here,we find that high auxin induces callus ...     

北京地区热力景观格局及典型城市景观的热环境效应

城市热环境是城市生态环境中的一个重要指标,将景观生态学理论融入到热环境研究中,尝试探讨北京地区热力景观格局及城市公园、道路景观的热环境效应。地表温度反演是分析热力景观格局及典型城市景观热环境效应的前提,论文以北京地区为例,首先利用两景ASTER影像数据采用TES算法定量反演地表温度。通过半变异函数分析地表温度空间异质性,确定最大采样尺度,然后在景观统计软件Fragstats中,计算不同粒度下的景观格局指数,分析热力景观格局及其尺度效应。通过景观斑块特征分析和缓冲区分析,探讨公园景观斑块、道路景观廊道特征的热环境效应。总体上公园景观对应的平均温度随着公园面积、边界长度的增加而减小,随着公园周长面积比增大而增大;随着距离公园渐远,地表温度升高,且升温趋势变缓。随着道路密度增加,道路平均温度显著升高,标准差显著降低,道路密度等级与道路平均温度的相关系数达到0.8021;随着距离道路中心线距离增加,缓冲区内的平均温度略有下降,但变化微弱。因此,应充分重视公园景观在缓解城市热环境方面的作用,合理布局城市道路。