山珊瑚内生菌根的研究

山珊瑚内生菌根真菌在人工培养基上分离培养不能生长。侵染菌丝由山珊瑚侧根表皮侵入,在皮层中部形成侵染通道。进入皮层细胞后形成丛枝吸器。被侵染的寄主细胞仍是生活细胞,但细胞质变稀,蛋白质、RNA含量很少。近中柱的6至8层皮层细胞壁增厚并木质化。丛枝吸器含有丰富的红淀粉,少量的中性脂肪、碱性蛋白质和D NA。菌丝丛枝干幼龄期电子致密,周围有界面物质包围,在衰老时泡囊化,界面物质亦瓦解。吸器由五边形结构组成。寄主细胞在被侵染前含淀粉质体、线粒体、高尔基体、内质网和核糖体,在被侵染后,淀粉质体消失,其它细胞器数量明显减少,而主要是微丝和小液泡及多泡体。文章讨论了山珊瑚菌根与天麻和泡囊-丛枝菌根的异同。     

Dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Dammarane-type saponins, gypenosides VN1–VN7 (1–7), were isolated from the total saponin extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum aerial parts, with their structures elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. These compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines, A549 (lung), HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and SK-OV-3 (ovary), with IC₅₀ values ranging from 19.6 ± 1.1 to 43.1 ± 1.0 μM. Regarding the HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cell line, compounds 1, 5, and 6 showed weakly active with IC₅₀ values of 62.8 ± 1.9, 72.6 ± 3.6, and 82.4 ± 3.2 nM, respectively, while 2, 3, 4, and 7 were less active with IC₅₀ values >100 μM.     

利用实时荧光定量比较Ct法检测转基因小鼠外源基因拷贝数

目的：在建立转基因小鼠模型时,外源基因拷贝数是影响其表达水平和遗传稳定性的重要因素之一。外源基因拷贝数的精确测定,是建立转基因动物模型的重要环节。方法：合成cagA基因和内参基因GAPDH的引物,用标准曲线法测得cagA和GAPDH基因的扩增效率分别为97．6％和98．6％;将128拷贝阴性小鼠基因组和128拷贝c0鲥打靶质粒的混合物作为参照样品,取6只来自同一母本的F2阳性小鼠的128拷贝基因组作为待测样品;选取GAPDH作为内源参照基因,用比较Ct法对待测样品进行定量。结果：经计算,6只待测小鼠的cagA基因拷贝数平均值为8。结论：利用实时荧光定量PCR仪,呆用改良后的比较Ct法对转基因小鼠的外源基因拷贝数进行了精确测定。     

Biodegradation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in soil bioaugmented with acclimated activated sludge

The degradation characteristics of four phthalic acid esters (PAEs), i.e. di-methyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) in the soil augmented with acclimated sludge was investigated in order to assess the efficacy of bioaugmentation as a strategy for remediating PAEs-contaminated soil and correlate the degradation rate of PAEs with their alkyl chain length. The results demonstrated that PAEs with shorter alkyl chain, that is, DMP and DEP could be degraded more quickly than DBP and DOP. The degradation of four PAEs in the soil conformed to a first-order reaction kinetic equation. The half-lives of PAEs degradation decreased significantly with increasing carbon number of the alcohol moiety. Half-lives decreased from 2.29 days for DMP to 28.4 days for DOP when the carbon number of alkyl chain increased from one for DMP to eight for DOP. The degradation rate of PAEs and the corresponding half-lives could correlate with the alkyl chain length and their octanol–water partition coefficients (K_ow) quite well for the four PAEs tested in this study.     

siRNA抑制HIV-1基因表达的研究

RNA干扰(RNAinterfering,RNAi)现象是动植物体内的一种序列特异性的、转录后基因沉默的过程.在哺乳动物细胞中,19～25个核苷酸长短的双链siRNA(smallinterferingRNA)可有效地抑制基因表达.利用pBS/H1SP载体,它表达的双链RNA的转录产物可以用来抑制特异性HIV-1基因的表达.在siRNA实验中,为了比较由H1启动子转录的siRNA在细胞内的作用,使用以绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因的载体——pEGFP-C1质粒,在荧光显微镜下,很容易地看到EGFP在细胞中表达.将HIV-1siRNA表达载体与表达相应EGFP-HIV融合基因的质粒,共转染人胚肾293细胞,结果表明,和对照质控载体相比,转染了pHIV-siRNA质粒的细胞中EGFP-HIV的表达得到显著抑制.通过该途径,筛选出能抑制HIV-1基因表达的有效siRNA.此外,还在同一载体上表达两种或三种siRNA,分别针对不同的HIV基因,获得了良好的抑制效果.     

细胞色素P450酶对拟无枝酸菌转化洛伐他汀的影响

无锡他汀是胆固醇合成途径中限速酶羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG—CoA)还原酶抑制剂,由洛伐他汀经拟无枝酸菌(Amycolatopsis sp.ST2710)羟基化转化产生,为研究无锡他汀转化过程,本文利用CO差光谱法在摇瓶水平考察了底物浓度、温度、pH值、溶氧等因素对具有羟基化功能的细胞色素P450酶活的变化情况,以及细胞色素P450酶变化对洛伐他汀羟基化过程中的影响。研究表明,细胞色素P450酶可能是Amycolatopsis sp.ST2710转化洛伐他汀为无锡他汀代谢途径的一个关键酶,对洛伐他汀羟基化有重要作用,这为进一步对微生物转化洛伐他汀的研究打下了基础。     

AdEasy重组腺病毒系统对Ad-HIF1α的构建和鉴定

目的:采用AdEasy重组腺病毒系统构建重组腺病毒Ad-HIF1α并进行鉴定。方法:使用高保真PCR从EST克隆中扩增HIF1α基因编码区,并用限制性内切酶BamH I和Xba I对PCR片段限制性酶切,用T4 DNA连接酶将其连接至同样经BamH I和Xba I限制性酶切的穿梭载体pAdtrace-TO4,构建穿梭载体pAdtrace-HIF1α;将pAdtrace-HIF1α与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1在细菌BJ5183中同源重组,得到重组腺病毒质粒pAd-HIF1α;pAd-HIF1α经Pac I酶切后转染至E1表达包装细胞系HEK293中进行HIF1α基因表达腺病毒包装,重复扩增,氯化铯密度梯度离心法纯化,获得高滴度Ad-HIF1α;感染干细胞株C3H10T1/2,通过荧光蛋白的表达了解其感染效率,并应用PCR及Western blot验证目的基因的表达,并通过检测下游靶基因VEGF的表达,了解该载体表达的目的蛋白的生物活性。结果:重组腺病毒质粒pAd-HIF1α,经PCR及酶切分析验证构建正确;在HEK293中进行HIF1α基因表达腺病毒包装,经反复冻融4次使细胞裂解,获得高滴度重组腺病毒载体;通过红色荧光蛋白(Red fluorescence protein,RFP)表达,观察到Ad-HIF1α能够高效感染C3H10T1/2细胞,并通过PCR证实了HIF1α在C3H10T1/2细胞较对照组明显高表达;在感染Ad-HIF1α的C3H10T1/2细胞中,HIF-1α下游靶基因血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达明显增高,证实表达的目的蛋白具有生物活性。结论:应用AdEasy重组腺病毒系统成功构建Ad-HIF1α,并证实其具有生物活性,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

重组人MASP2蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达和纯化

目的:获得酶原形式的重组人甘露聚糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶2(MASP2)。方法:在大肠杆菌中诱导表达重组人MASP2全长蛋白,包涵体裂解后,经复性、透析、浓缩、考马斯亮蓝染色、SDS-PAGE及Western印迹,鉴定纯化结果及酶活性。结果:复性后的MASP2蛋白经考马斯亮蓝染色未见杂带。自激活实验表明,当MASP2浓度在1μmool/L以下时,无论在4℃还是37℃,都能较稳定地保持酶原形式;蛋白浓度为3.5μmool/L时只能在4℃保持稳定,37℃发生自激活;蛋白浓度达到12μmool/L后,在4℃时已不能稳定存在。结论:获得了较纯的重组人MASP2蛋白,且具有自激活活性。     

Expression of Babesia equi merozoite antigen-2 by recombinant baculovirus and its use in the ELISA

In this study, the gene encoding Babesia equi merozoite antigen-2 was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector, and a recombinant virus expressing B. equi merozoite antigen-2 was isolated. Two B. equi merozoite antigen-2-related recombinant baculovirus-expressed peptides of 25 and 30 kDa were detected with a murine anti serum against B. equi merozoite antigen-2; these corresponded to the native B. equi merozoite antigen-2 and were secreted into the supernatants of insect cell cultures. Recombinant B. equi merozoite antigen-2 was not effected by tunicamycin treatment, indicating that B. equi merozoite antigen-2 was not glycosylated. The potential of recombinant B. equi merozoite antigen-2 for use in the ELISA was evaluated by measuring the antibody response to B. equi merozoite antigen-2 in horses experimentally infected with B. equi.