Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Important Roles of the Acetylation of ER-Resident Molecular Chaperones for Conidiation in Fusarium oxysporum

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most abundant and diverse fungal species found in soils and includes nonpathogenic, endophytic, and pathogenic strains affecting a broad range of plant and animal hosts. Conidiation is the major mode of reproduction in many filamentous fungi, but the regulation of this process is largely unknown. Lysine acetylation (Kac) is an evolutionarily conserved and widespread posttranslational modification implicated in regulation of multiple metabolic processes. A total of 62 upregulated and 49 downregulated Kac proteins were identified in sporulating mycelia versus nonsporulating mycelia of F. oxysporum. Diverse cellular proteins, including glycolytic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum–resident molecular chaperones, were differentially acetylated in the sporulation process. Altered Kac levels of three endoplasmic reticulum–resident molecular chaperones, PDI^K70, HSP70^K604, and HSP40^K32 were identified that with important roles in F. oxysporum conidiation. Specifically, K70 acetylation (K70ac) was found to be crucial for maintaining stability and activity of protein disulphide isomerase and the K604ac of HSP70 and K32ac of HSP40 suppressed the detoxification ability of these heat shock proteins, resulting in higher levels of protein aggregation. During conidial formation, an increased level of PDI^K70ac and decreased levels of HSP70^K604ac and HSP40^K32ac contributed to the proper processing of unfolded proteins and eliminated protein aggregation, which is beneficial for dramatic cell biological remodeling during conidiation in F. oxysporum.     

In-depth Profiling and Quantification of the Lysine Acetylome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Comprehensive investigation of protein posttranslational modifications in HCC is still limited. Lysine acetylation is one of the most common types of posttranslational modification involved in many cellular processes and plays crucial roles in the regulation of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the proteome and K-acetylome in eight pairs of HCC tumors and normal adjacent tissues using a timsTOF Pro instrument. As a result, we identified 9219 K-acetylation sites in 2625 proteins, of which 1003 sites exhibited differential acetylation levels between tumors and normal adjacent tissues. Interestingly, many novel tumor-specific K-acetylation sites were characterized, for example, filamin A (K865), filamin B (K697), and cofilin (K19), suggesting altered activities of these cytoskeleton-modulating molecules, which may contribute to tumor metastasis. In addition, we observed an overall suppression of protein K-acetylation in HCC tumors, especially for enzymes from various metabolic pathways, for example, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the expression of deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was upregulated in HCC tumors, and its role of deacetylation in HCC cells was further explored by examining the impact of SIRT2 overexpression on the proteome and K-acetylome in Huh7 HCC cells. SIRT2 overexpression reduced K-acetylation of proteins involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy metabolism. Furthermore, cellular assays showed that overexpression of SIRT2 in HCC cells inhibited both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information to better understand the roles of K-acetylation in HCC and to treat this disease by correcting the aberrant acetylation patterns.     

高温大曲中地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC 3963)的耐高温特征

【目的】高温大曲的使用是中国酱香型白酒酿造的特征之一,耐高温的细菌是高温大曲中重要的优势功能菌,它们对酱香型白酒的酿造具有重要的价值。研究高温大曲中细菌的耐高温特征对于认识酱香型白酒的酿造特征具有一定的作用。【方法】本文以中国白酒高温大曲中筛选获得的一株具有自主知识产权的耐高温功能细菌地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)CGMCC 3963为对象,测定其耐高温特征,并首次通过细胞形态学的分析,以及转录组学等技术的应用系统研究了B.licheniformis CGMCC 3963的耐高温机制。【结果】地衣芽胞杆菌B.licheniformis CGMCC 3963能够耐受55℃高温生长。在高温条件下,该菌仍具有较旺盛的代谢生长能力,且产生大量荚膜,同时大量I类热休克蛋白基因以及聚谷氨酸合成基因的表达水平均得到明显提高。【结论】B.licheniformis CGMCC 3963在高温下,I类热休克蛋白以及以聚谷氨酸为主要成分的荚膜大量产生,对功能细菌耐高温具有重要的作用。该结果首次从分子水平认识了中国白酒酿造微生物的耐高温特征,丰富了白酒酿造微生物学的科学理论。     

Characterization of the androgen-dependent 22Kdalton glycoprotein from rat ventral prostate

Oxidation by molecular oxygen converted the 22Kdalton glycoprotein from rat ventral prostate into a 34K species and this reaction could be reversed by thiol reducing reagent. Measurement of the level of the 22Kdalton glycoprotein in prostatic cytosol by the radial immunodiffusion technique showed that changes in the 22Kdalton glycoprotein concentration in response to androgen withdrawal and replacement were slow in comparison to androgen regulated levels of mRNA coding for the protein. (3) Charcoal absorption steroid binding assays of the 22Kdalton glycoprotein revealed that the protein did not bind testosterone, estradiol, progesterone or corticosterone. These results indicate that the 22Kdalton glycoprotein is metabolically stable, not steroid-binding, and exists as an oligomer through disulfide crosslinking.     

湖南沅江鼎城段河蚬的性别组成与精子形态特征

本研究以湖南沅江鼎城段河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为研究对象,在进一步验证该群体性别组成的基础上,分析壳长组成与性别比例之间关系,探讨该群体雄性、雌性和雌雄同体之间关系;同时以单鞭毛精子为参照,分析比较双鞭毛精子的形态特征,以期为我国河蚬的性别发生及生殖适应策略研究提供基础资料。结果显示：沅江鼎城段河蚬(n = 770)雄性、雌性和雌雄同体最小性成熟壳长分别为2.92 mm、5.66 mm和5.30 mm。697只性成熟河蚬中雄性、雌性和雌雄同体的比例近似1︰1︰6。雌雄同体的平均壳长[(22.55 ± 0.33)mm,n = 517]显著大于雄性[(20.44 ± 1.03)mm,n = 95]和雌性[(19.79 ± 0.99)mm,n = 85](P < 0.05),但雄性与雌性的平均壳长之间差异不显著(P > 0.05)。河蚬可以产生单鞭毛和双鞭毛两种类型的精子,单鞭毛精子头长范围4.93 ~ 21.79 μm,平均值(14.27 ± 0.82)μm(n = 30),双鞭毛精子头长范围10.29 ~ 22.04 μm,平均值(15.62 ± 0.62)μm(n = 26)。单、双鞭毛精子头长差异不显著(P > 0.05)。双鞭毛精子(n = 26)长尾的平均长度[(38.07 ± 1.44)μm]显著大于其短尾[(31.08 ± 1.60)μm]和单鞭毛精子(n = 30)尾部长度[(30.15 ± 1.75)μm](P < 0.01),但其短尾与单鞭毛精子的尾部平均长度之间无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明：湖南沅江鼎城段河蚬为雄性先熟,且可能存在雄性和(或)雌性向雌雄同体转换现象。河蚬具有单鞭毛型和双鞭毛型2种类型的精子,且双鞭毛精子的2个尾部不等长。同域共存河蚬的单鞭毛与双鞭毛精子在运动及受精能力方面的差异值得深入研究。     

Modification of alternative splicing in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos using engineered CRISPR-Cas13d

Animal cloning can be achieved by somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT), but the resulting live birth rate is relatively low. We previously improved the efficiency of bovine SCNT by exogenous melatonin treatment or by overexpression of lysine-specific demethylase 4D(KDM4D) and 4E(KDM4E). In this study, we revealed abundant alternative splicing(AS) transitions during fertilization and embryonic genome activation, and demonstrated abnormal AS in bovine SCNT embryos compared with in vitro fertilized ...     

供氮水平对盐胁迫下水稻叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为了解供氮水平对不同时期盐胁迫下水稻(Oryza sativa)叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响, 以2个北方常规粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp. japonica)品种为材料, 在5个氮水平下进行培养, 于分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗期分别进行盐胁迫处理, 测定分析了水稻叶片光合及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明, 与对照相比, 盐胁迫下水稻叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和表观叶肉导度(AMC)均显著降低, 在分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗期分别以2N、1N和1/2N水平下降低的百分率最小; 气孔限制值(L_s)则显著增加, 分别以2N、1N和1/2N水平下增加的百分率最大。盐胁迫下, 与对照相比, PSII的实际光合效率(ΦPSII)、表观光合量子传递效率(ETR)和光化学淬灭(qP)均显著降低, 在分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗期分别以2N、1N和1/2N水平下降低的百分率最小; 非光化学淬灭(NPQ)呈增加的变化趋势, 与对照相比, 分别以2N、1N和1/2N水平下增加的百分率最小。以上结果说明盐胁迫下水稻孕穗后, 供氮水平适量降低有利于减缓叶片光合作用的下降, 提高其抵御盐害能力。     

天机营养对春小麦抗旱适应性的影响

本文研究了无机营养对春小麦一些抗旱适应性的影响,主要包括：渗透调节的大小和变化过程、可溶性糖的积累、脯氨酸的积累、叶片导度的变化、离体叶片的失水速率、叶面积和耗水量的变化、根系生长和根／植冠值,并且分析了各个处理植株的水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的变异。认为,在干旱条件下,无机营养对于春小麦不同器官、不同生理功能,并不都具有一致的作用。有的利于提高植株的抗旱性,有的可以改变一些适应性产生的时间和发展过程,有的则不利于植株的抗旱性。通过综合分析,提出旱地施肥使作物增产的主要原因是,营养元素满足了作物生长所需,促进了根系发育,利于吸收水分、维持水分平衡和正常生理功能,但对作物自身的耐旱性并没有产生显著影响。