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121.
Distinct Requirements for Somatic and Germline Expression of a Generally Expressed Caernorhabditis Elegans Gene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
In screening for embryonic-lethal mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans, we defined an essential gene (let-858) that encodes a nuclear protein rich in acidic and basic residues. We have named this product nucampholin. Closely homologous sequences in yeast, plants, and mammals demonstrate strong evolutionary conservation in eukaryotes. Nucampholin resides in all nuclei of C. elegans and is essential in early development and in differentiating tissue. Antisense-mediated depletion of LET-858 activity in early embryos causes a lethal phenotype similar to characterized treatments blocking embryonic gene expression. Using transgene-rescue, we demonstrated the additional requirement for let-858 in the larval germline. The broad requirements allowed investigation of soma-germline differences in gene expression. When introduced into standard transgene arrays, let-858 (like many other C. elegans genes) functions well in soma but poorly in germline. We observed incremental silencing of simple let-858 arrays in the first few generations following transformation and hypothesized that silencing might reflect recognition of arrays as repetitive or heterochromatin-like. To give the transgene a more physiological context, we included an excess of random genomic fragments with the injected DNA. The resulting transgenes show robust expression in both germline and soma. Our results suggest the possibility of concerted mechanisms for silencing unwanted germline expression of repetitive sequences. 相似文献
122.
A restricted index selection experiment on mice was carried out for 14 generations on rate of early postnatal development (growth rate from birth to 10 days of age) vs. rate of development much later in ontogeny (growth rate from 28 to 56 days of age). Early rate of development (E) approximates hyperplasia (changes in cell number) and later rate (L) reflects hypertropy (changes in cell size). The selection criteria were as follows: E+L0 was selected to increase early body weight gain while holding late body weight gain constant; E-L0 was selected to decrease early body gain while holding late gain constant; E0L+ was selected to increase late gain holding early gain constant; and E0L- was selected to decrease late gain holding early gain constant. After 14 generations of selection, significant divergence among lines has occurred and the changes in the growth trajectories are very close to expectation. The genetic and developmental bases of complex traits are discussed as well as the concept of developmental homoplasy. 相似文献
123.
Timothy S. McClintock Fuqiang Xu Jorge Quintero Anne M. Gress Teresa M. Landers 《Journal of neurochemistry》1997,68(6):2248-2254
Abstract: We have isolated from an American lobster ( Homarus americanus ) olfactory organ cDNA library a clone, hGαq , with >80% identity to mammalian and arthropod Gαq sequences. In brain and olfactory organ, hGαq mRNA was expressed predominantly in neurons, including virtually all the neuronal cell body clusters of the brain. Gαq protein was also expressed broadly, appearing on western blots as a single band of 46 kDa in brain, eyestalk, pereiopod, dactyl, tail muscle, olfactory organ, and aesthetasc hairs. These results suggest that hGαq plays a role in a wide variety of signal transduction events. Its presence in the olfactory aesthetasc hairs, which are almost pure preparations of the outer dendrites of the olfactory receptor neurons, the expression of a single hGαq mRNA species (6 kb) in the olfactory organ, and the localization of hGαq mRNA predominantly in the olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory organ strongly suggest that one function of hGαq is to mediate olfactory transduction. 相似文献
124.
William E. Klunk Chong-Jun Xu Richard J. McClure Kanagasabai Panchalingam Jeff A. Stanley Jay W. Pettegrew 《Journal of neurochemistry》1997,69(1):266-272
Abstract: Increased amounts of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposits are found in Alzheimer's disease brain. These amyloid deposits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this common dementing illness. Aβ peptides have been shown to be toxic to neurons in cell culture, and this toxicity is critically dependent on the aggregation of the peptide into cross-β-pleated sheet fibrils. Also, in vivo and postmortem NMR studies have shown changes in certain brain membrane phospholipid metabolites in normal aging and more extensive alterations in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The finding that membrane phospholipids affect the aggregation of Aβ suggests that the abnormalities in membrane metabolism found in Alzheimer's disease could affect the deposition of Aβ in vivo. Therefore, we examined the effect of membrane phospholipid metabolites that are altered in Alzheimer's disease brain on the aggregation of Aβ(1–40) using a light scattering method. Certain metabolites (glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, and α-glycerophosphate) augment the aggregation of Aβ. Other membrane phospholipid metabolites (phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine, and inositol-1-phosphate) have no effect. We conclude that increased membrane phospholipid metabolite concentrations may play a role in the deposition of Aβ seen in normal aging and the even greater deposition of Aβ observed in Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
125.
Xu, Fadi, and Donald T. Frazier. Involvement of thefastigial nuclei in vagally mediated respiratory responses.J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6):1853-1861, 1997.Previous studies have demonstrated that thecerebellum, especially the fastigial nucleus (FN), is capable ofmodulating respiratory responses to chemical and mechanical stimuli.Because there is evidence to show projections from vagal afferents tothe FN, the goal of this study was to determine the role of the FN inthe respiratory reflexes elicited by activation of vagal afferents.Experiments were performed in anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed, andartificially ventilated cats with an occipital exposure of thecerebellum. Administration of capsaicin (Cap; 5-10 µg/kg) viathe right external jugular vein at the end of inspiration andapplication of lung inflation (LI; 10 cmH2O) during inspiration werecarried out to stimulate nonmyelinated and myelinated vagal afferents,respectively. The phrenic neurogram was recorded as anindex of the respiratory motor output. Control cardiorespiratoryvariables [expiratory duration(TE), arterial bloodpressure] and their immediate responses to stimuli were comparedbefore and after bilateral lesions of the FN. The results showed thefollowing. 1) Capinjection and LI resulted in a dramatic increase inTE (apnea).2) FN lesions did not significantlyalter the control TE; however,the apneic duration induced by Cap injection was prolonged.3) Neither FN lesions norcerebellectomy affected the apneic duration that resulted fromapplication of LI. 4) Cold blockadeof the vagi (6-8°C) eliminated the respiratory responses elicited by LI but not Cap injection; vagotomy abolished the responses to both stimuli. 5) FN lesions didnot change the control ABP or its responses to either LI or Capinjection. It is concluded that the FN is involved in vagally mediatedrespiratory reflexes elicited by activation of nonmyelinated (C-fiber)vagal afferents. 相似文献
126.
J Xu R C Levitt C I Panhuysen D S Postma E W Taylor P J Amelung K J Holroyd E R Bleecker D A Meyers 《American journal of human genetics》1995,57(2):425-430
Studies investigating the genetic control of total serum IgE levels are of major importance in understanding basic pathophysiologic mechanisms in atopy and asthma, since IgE levels predict onset and correlate with the clinical expression of these disorders. Previous analysis of data from 92 families, ascertained through a parent with asthma, showed evidence for recessive inheritance of high IgE levels with linkage to chromosome 5q. Since there was significant residual familial correlation in the one-locus segregation analysis, two-locus segregation and linkage analyses were performed. Segregation analyses provided evidence for a second major locus unlinked to the locus on 5q. Utilization of this two-locus model corroborates the previous evidence for linkage between this trait and markers on 5q31-q33. The LODs for the most informative marker D5S436 increased from 3.00 at 10% recombination to 4.67 at 9% recombination, when the two-locus model was used. Additional linkage studies are needed to map this second locus. These results demonstrate the importance of performing multilocus segregation and linkage analyses for quantitative traits that are related to the phenotype of a complex disorder. This approach has given further insight into the genetics of allergy and asthma by providing evidence for a two-locus model. 相似文献
127.
玉吊钟气生不定根根尖区域的部分表皮细胞经分裂可形成多细胞根毛。根毛长0.03mm左右,具单列细胞、双列细胞和叉状分枝类型,由基细胞和毛体细胞二部分组成。电镜显示,基细胞内部结构与表皮细胞相似。组成毛体的细胞都有分泌功能。在分泌活动期,细胞内形成大量内质网,并膨大成囊泡状或溢出囊泡,分泌停止,内质网即消失;其细胞结构的变化及主要由内质网参与分泌活动与蜜腺细胞在分泌活动中的结构变化类似。故推测多细胞根 相似文献
128.
129.
在96孔板中进行抗脂质过氧化的微量测定 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以Fe2+/半胱氨酸诱导大鼠肝微粒体为基本模型,根据硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)反应原理,优化不同反应条件,建立了一种在96孔板上进行抗脂质过氧化测定的一步反应方法,该方法的灵敏度不低于传统的试管法,而且还具有微量、快速、简便等优点,特别适用于大规模筛选和研究抗氧化剂.此外,也可用于其它系统诱导的抗脂质过氧化的测定. 相似文献
130.