林冠与大气间二氧化碳交换过程的模拟

以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,利用Raupach提出的局地近场理论(localized near field, LNF)耦合垂直风速标准差σ_w（z）和拉格朗日时间尺度T_L （z）,建立林冠内CO₂源汇强度和平均浓度廓线之间的关系.结果表明,拉格朗日模型能准确、稳定地模拟林冠与大气之间CO₂的交换特征.模拟值比涡动相关系统实测值高出约15%,与实测值的相关性为89%,这种差异可能主要来自于输入的浓度廓线的波动以及大气稳定层结造成的涡动相关观测系统误差.在近地面层,由于土壤呼吸作用,整个时间段都为CO₂源.林冠层的CO₂源汇强度变化较为复杂,其日变化经历了源－汇－源的转变过程.林冠与大气间CO₂通量交换明显受大气稳定度影响.     

长白山阔叶红松林的零平面位移和粗糙度

根据长白山阔叶红松林气象观测塔上 16个月的风速、温度、湿度及气压的连续观测资料 ,根据中性层结条件下风速随高度的对数变化规律 ,利用廓线法中的牛顿迭代法计算了该森林的零平面位移d和粗糙度z0 ,结果表明 ,d和z0 均存在着较明显的季节变化 ,在生长季d较大 ,z0 较小 ,而非生长季恰好相反 ,标准化的零平面位移d/h和粗糙度z0 /h在生长季和非生长季平均分别为 0 86 7,0 76 4和 4 4 7× 10 -2 ,3 5 9× 10 -2 。与叶面积指数对比分析发现 ,d/h和z0 /h与叶面积指数分别存在正相关和负相关的关系。敏感性分析表明 ,牛顿迭代法求d和z0对风速的精度要求较高 ,需要精度高的仪器和长期的数据积累。     

JFCR39, a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines, and its application in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs

Over the past few decades, panels of human cancer cell lines have made a significant contribution to the discovery and development of anticancer drugs. The National Cancer Institute 60 (NCI60), which consists of 60 cell lines from various human cancer types, remains the most powerful human cancer cell line panel for high throughput screening of anticancer drugs. The development of JFCR39, comprising a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines coupled with a drug-activity database, was based on NCI60. Like NCI60, JFCR39 not only provides disease-oriented information but can also predict the action mechanism or molecular target of a given antitumor agent by utilizing the COMPARE algorithm. The molecular targets of ZSTK474 as well as several other antitumor agents have been identified by using JFCR39 and some of these compounds have since entered clinical trials. In this review, we will describe human cancer cell line panels particularly JFCR39 and its application in the discovery and/or development of anticancer drug candidates.     

石韦孢子叶片组织化学定位

利用冰冻切片法和徒手切片对石韦(Pyrrosia lingua)新鲜叶片中的葸琨类化合物、皂苷类化合物及多糖进行组织化学定位研究.结果表明:葸琨类化合物主要积累在叶片的栅栏组织中;表皮毛、海绵组织和韧皮部也有葸琨类化合物,木质部和表皮无明显显色反应.皂苷类化合物也主要积累在叶片的栅栏组织中;表皮毛、海绵组织、薄壁组织和韧皮部中也有少量皂苷类化合物,木质部无明显显色反应.厚角组织中蒽琨类物质含量比皂苷类物质含量高;多糖普遍存在于石韦叶肉中,维管束、薄壁组织和表皮有少量分布.     

Generation,Characterization and Epitope Mapping of Two Neutralizing and Protective Human Recombinant Antibodies against Influenza A H5N1 Viruses

Background

The development of new therapeutic targets and strategies to control highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infection in humans is urgently needed. Broadly cross-neutralizing recombinant human antibodies obtained from the survivors of H5N1 avian influenza provide an important role in immunotherapy for human H5N1 virus infection and definition of the critical epitopes for vaccine development.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We have characterized two recombinant baculovirus-expressed human antibodies (rhAbs), AVFluIgG01 and AVFluIgG03, generated by screening a Fab antibody phage library derived from a patient recovered from infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3 virus. AVFluIgG01 cross-neutralized the most of clade 0, clade 1, and clade 2 viruses tested, in contrast, AVFluIgG03 only neutralized clade 2 viruses. Passive immunization of mice with either AVFluIgG01 or AVFluIgG03 antibody resulted in protection from a lethal H5N1 clade 2.3 virus infection. Furthermore, through epitope mapping, we identify two distinct epitopes on H5 HA molecule recognized by these rhAbs and demonstrate their potential to protect against a lethal H5N1 virus infection in a mouse model.

Conclusions/Significance

Importantly, localization of the epitopes recognized by these two neutralizing and protective antibodies has provided, for the first time, insight into the human antibody responses to H5N1 viruses which contribute to the H5 immunity in the recovered patient. These results highlight the potential of a rhAbs treatment strategy for human H5N1 virus infection and provide new insight for the development of effective H5N1 pandemic vaccines.