异位性皮炎患者血清变应原过筛检测结果及其临床意义

目的:探讨异位性皮炎(AD)患者的血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、总IgE、吸入性变应原Phadiatop和食物性变应原fx5E间的相关性。方法:随机选取我院门诊就诊和住院治疗的AD患者60例,选取健康体检者30例为对照组,同期检测ECP、总IgE、Phadiatop和fx5E血清浓度并比较。结果:AD患者血清ECP和总IgE水平均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);患者组中血清ECP与总IgE之间无相关性;Phadiatop在患者组中阳性率为86.67%,fx5E阳性率为18.33%。结论:AD患者血清ECP水平是反映嗜酸粒细胞活化和过敏状态的敏感指标,能更有效地监测AD患者病情变化与疗效。吸入性和食物性变应原均可引起AD,尤以吸入性变应原为主。对AD患者进行CAP系统中变应原过筛检测,是AD防治的重要手段之一。     

S100A16, a novel lipogenesis promoting factor in livers of mice and hepatocytes in vitro

To investigate the role of S100 calcium-binding protein A16 (S100A16) in hepatic lipid metabolism, S100a16 transgenic, S100a16 knockdown, and wildtype C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal-fat diet (NFD) for 16 weeks. The results showed that for HFD-fed mice, S100a16 transgenic mice showed significantly more severe fatty liver than other HFD-fed mice, with a significant increase in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration, with more and larger lipid droplets in the liver, whereas S100a16 knockdown mice were completely opposite, with liver fat lesions and TG serological changes being the mildest; for NFD-fed mice, liver fat accumulation and serum TG concentrations were significantly lower than those fed HFD, and no significant lipid droplets were found in the liver. Further, we found that calmodulin (CaM) interacts with S100A16, a member of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Our research found that S100A16 regulates the AMPK pathway-associated protein by interacting with CaM to regulate liver lipid synthesis. S100A16 regulates liver lipid metabolism through the CaM/CAMKK2/AMPK pathway. Overexpression of S100A16 promotes the deterioration of fatty liver induced by HFD, and low expression of S100A16 can attenuate fatty liver.     

马铃薯块茎膨大期不同程度干旱后复水的源库补偿效应

旱后复水的补偿效应在多种作物的不同生育时期都存在,是植物抵抗逆境胁迫和伤害的重要自我调节机制,也是对有限水分高效利用的体现.本研究在马铃薯块茎膨大期进行两轮干旱后复水处理,明确马铃薯补偿效应产生的干旱胁迫阈值,并从源-库角度探索马铃薯旱后复水补偿效应产生的缘由.试验选取‘大西洋’马铃薯脱毒组培苗为材料,设置充分供水(W)、轻度干旱后复水(D₁-W)、中度干旱后复水(D₂-W)和重度干旱后复水(D₃-W)4个水分处理并经过两个循环.结果表明:在经过两轮轻度干旱复水后,马铃薯产量表现出超补偿效应,水分利用效率和产量比充分供水分别提高了17.5%和6.3%;中度水分胁迫表现出近等量补偿效应,产量与充分供水差异不大,而水分利用效率提高了8.4%;而重度水分胁迫没有表现出产量补偿效应.不同程度的干旱胁迫均降低马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、叶面积等源的大小和活性,而在复水后,轻度和中度胁迫出现了超补偿和补偿效应,增强了源的供应能力.同时,适度干旱后复水显著增强了块茎(库)中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性,提高了库活性,进而表现为块茎平均重量的增加.综上,马铃薯块茎膨大期适度的水分亏缺在复水后源-库均存在补偿和超补偿效应,以此来弥补干旱带来的损失,最终在产量上表现为补偿或者超补偿效应,并显著提高了水分利用效率.     

不同CO2浓度升高水平对粳稻叶片荧光特性的影响

为研究不同CO₂浓度升高水平对水稻叶片荧光特性的影响,利用开顶式气室组成CO₂浓度自动调控平台开展田间试验,使用便携式植物效率分析仪测定剑叶快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线,分析不同CO₂浓度(CK:背景大气CO₂浓度;T₁:比CK的CO₂浓度高80 μmol·mol^-1;T₂:比CK的CO₂浓度高200 μmol·mol^-1)下水稻主要生育期剑叶快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数的变化特征.结果表明:CO₂浓度升高80 μmol·mol^-1,用于电子传递的量子产额(φ_Eo)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、性能指数(PI_ABS)在扬花期、乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期均显著升高,用于热耗散的量子比率(φ_Do)显著降低,其中φ_Eo显著升高了7.3%～23.3%,F_v/F_m极显著升高了3.1%～7.1%,PI_ABS极显著升高了46.2%～93.0%,φ_Do则显著降低了10.3%～20.5%.CO₂浓度升高200 μmol·mol^-1,在拔节期,φ_Eo、F_v/F_m、PI_ABS分别极显著降低了68.7%、41.4%和93.4%,φ_Do则极显著升高了78.4%;在扬花期、乳熟期、蜡熟期,T₂使φ_Eo显著升高了11.6%～19.8%,F_v/F_m显著升高了4.8%～6.8%,PI_ABS显著升高了53.0%～72.6%,φ_Do则显著降低了7.7%～19.4%.表明CO₂浓度升高(80、200 μmol·mol^-1)对水稻剑叶光系统Ⅱ的光合电子传递具有促进作用.     

施氏假单胞菌A1501铁吸收调节蛋白Fur的表达特性与功能鉴定

铁是细胞生理代谢的重要金属元素,是多种氧化还原酶类、过氧化物酶类的重要组成部分。革兰氏阴性菌中,胞内铁转运、储存和利用主要由铁吸收调节蛋白Fur（ferric uptake regulator）调控。水稻根际联合固氮菌——施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas stutzeri）A1501基因组中含有一个fur同源基因,但其具体功能尚不清楚。比较了A1501中fur基因及其编码蛋白的序列特征,并通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative,qRT-PCR）和Western blotting杂交方法测定了fur基因和Fur蛋白的表达特性,结果发现fur基因表达水平与环境中铁浓度呈负相关,在铁限制条件下高表达,铁过量条件下表达受抑制。构建了fur基因突变株和功能回补株,表型测定发现fur突变影响了A1501的碳源代谢谱,并导致A1501对过氧化氢胁迫敏感。胞内铁含量测定表明,fur突变株内的铁含量为野生型的1.3倍,进一步qRT-PCR测定表明fur突变影响了铁离子转运系统及过氧化物酶编码基因的表达。研究结果为解析根际微生物胞内铁平衡调节及根际环境适应机制奠定了理论基础。     

The interaction of S100A16 and GRP78 actives endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated through the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Recent studies have indicated that the development of acute and chronic kidney disease including renal fibrosis is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. S100 calcium-binding protein 16 (S100A16) as a novel member of the S100 family is involved in kidney disease; however, few studies have examined fibrotic kidneys for a relationship between S100A16 and ER stress. In our previous study, we identified GRP78 as a protein partner of S100A16 in HK-2 cells. Here, we confirmed a physical interaction between GRP78 and S100A16 in HK-2 cells and a markedly increased expression of GRP78 in the kidneys of unilateral ureteral occlusion mice. S100A16 overexpression in HK-2 cells by infection with Lenti-S100A16 also induced upregulation of ER stress markers, including GRP78, p-IRE1α, and XBP1s. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the interaction between S100A16 and GRP78 predominantly occurred in the ER of control HK-2 cells. By contrast, HK-2 cells overexpressing S100A16 showed colocalization of S100A16 and GRP78 mainly in the cytoplasm. Pretreatment with BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator, blunted the upregulation of renal fibrosis genes and ER stress markers induced by S100A16 overexpression in HK-2 cells and suppressed the cytoplasmic colocalization of GRP78 and S100A16. Co-immunoprecipitation studies suggested a competitive binding between S100A16 and IRE1α with GRP78 in HK-2 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a significant increase in S100A16 expression in the cytoplasm following renal injury. GRP78 then moves into the cytoplasm and binds with S100A16 to promote the release of IRE1α. The subsequent phosphorylation of IRE1α then leads to XBP1 splicing that activates ER stress.Subject terms: Stress signalling, Experimental models of disease     

受害前后的九里香嫩梢对柑橘木虱的吸引作用及其挥发物成分分析

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citriKuwayama是黄龙病的传播媒介,九里香Murraya paniculateL.是柑橘木虱最重要的寄主植物。本研究比较了受柑橘木虱为害前后的九里香对其趋性的影响,并在此基础上,分析受害前后的九里香嫩梢挥发物组成成分。结果表明,与未受为害的九里香相比,受为害后的九里香对柑橘木虱的吸引作用显著增强,而且受害后继续保留柑橘木虱的九里香吸引作用更强。受木虱为害前后九里香挥发物成分差异较大,相同组分含量差异也比较明显。仅存在于受为害后的九里香挥发物共有8种,分别为γ-橄榄烯、α-愈创木烯、Epi-β-檀香烯、顺式-β-金合欢烯、(+)-香橙烯、α-菖蒲二烯、十四甲基环七硅氧烷、α-绿叶烯;而仅存在于未受为害的九里香挥发物为6种,为别为孕烯醇酮、β-榄香烯、2,6-二叔丁基苯醌、异丙茴香醚、1-(1,5-二甲基己基)-4-甲基苯、α-柏木烯。这些差异物质可能在柑橘木虱的寄主定位中起着重要作用。     

夹竹桃灭钉螺效果初报

A laboratory experiment at 20±5℃ shows that the water extract of fresh Nerium indicum had an obvious effect on killing Oncomelania hupensis. Treated with 0.1% water extract for four days, the mortality of O. hupensis was up to 100%. The effect of different tissues of N. indicum on O. hupensis was in order of stem phloem>leaf>root phloem>flower. The effect of N. indicum on O. hupensis was about ten times higher than that of Pterocarya stenoptera and Rumex japonicus, and was equal to that of 1×10^-3mg·L^-1 niclosamidum.     

对虾的慢与快牵张感受器的放电型式与镁离子浓度的关系

对虾的慢适应和快适应感受器的放电型式可因环境中 Mg~( )浓度的改变而发生转变:在用蔗糖代替全部 Mg~( )的海水(无镁海水)中,当感受器肌肉受到持续性牵拉时,两种感受器都发出持续性节律放电,即快感受器也给出了慢适应型放电;反之,在 Mg~( )浓度加倍的海水(高镁海水)中,两者都只在感受器肌肉受到牵拉的瞬时给出短暂的放电,即慢感受器也给出了快适应型放电。这种放电型式的转变只有当无镁或高镁海水接触感受器细胞体时才出现。在正常海水中,10~(-3)M 的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)即可完全抑制由牵拉引起的对虾牵张感受器的放电,但在无镁海水中,必需10~(-2)M GABA 方能达到同样的抑制效果。若在无镁亦无钙海水中,即使用1M 的 GABA 亦不能抑制感受器的牵拉放电。不仅如此,在这种海水中抑制神经对感受器细胞放电的抑制作用也消失。