Role of lysosomal acid lipase in the intracellular metabolism of LDL-transported dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters

Dehydroepiandrosterone-fatty acyl esters (DHEA-FAE) belong to a unique family of naturally occurring hydrophobic steroid hormone derivatives that are transported in circulating lipoproteins and may act as a source of dehydroepiendrosterone (DHEA) and other biologically active steroid hormones in cells. Here, we studied the metabolic fate of low-density lipoprotein-associated [(3)H]DHEA-FAE ([(3)H]DHEA-FAE-LDL) and the possible role of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in the hydrolysis of DHEA-FAE in cultured human cells. When HeLa cells were incubated with [(3)H]DHEA-FAE-LDL, the accumulation of label in the cellular fraction increased with incubation time and could be inhibited by excess unlabeled LDL, suggesting LDL receptor or LDL receptor-related receptor-dependent uptake. During 48 h of chase, decreasing amounts of [(3)H]DHEA-FAE were found in the cellular fraction, while in the medium increasing amounts of unesterified [(3)H]DHEA and its two metabolites, [(3)H]-5alpha-androstanedione (5alpha-adione) and [(3)H]androstenedione (4-adione), appeared. As LDL-cholesteryl ester hydrolysis is dependent on LAL activity, we depleted LAL from HeLa cells using small interfering RNAs and compared the hydrolysis of [(3)H]DHEA-FAE-LDL and [(3)H]cholesteryl-FAE-LDL. The results demonstrated a more modest but significant reducing effect on the hydrolysis of [(3)H]DHEA-FAE compared with [(3)H]cholesteryl-FAE. Moreover, experiments in LAL-deficient human fibroblasts (Wolman disease patient cells) showed that [(3)H]DHEA-FAE hydrolysis was not completely dependent on LAL activity. In summary, LDL-transported [(3)H]DHEA-FAE entered cells via LDL receptor or LDL receptor-related receptor-mediated uptake, followed by intracellular hydrolysis and further metabolism into 5alpha-adione and 4-adione that were excreted from cells. Although LAL contributed to the deesterification of DHEA-FAE, it was not solely responsible for the hydrolysis.     

历山山核桃(Juglans mandshurica)群落的种间分离

在野外样方调查的基础上,对山西历山山核桃群落35个样方内所有基径≥1cm的乔木和灌木绘制分布图.按照最近邻体法判定每个个体的最近邻体植株,然后用N×N最近邻体列联表及其2×2列联表截表的方法,应用Pielou的分离指数S和χ2检验研究山核桃群落所有乔木和灌木的种间分离规律.χ2检验结果表明:历山山核桃群落出现的25个物种共构成的300个种对中,存在显著分离的有294对,存在不显著分离的有6对.结合χ2值对S进行区间划分得出:正分离的112对占37.34%,负分离的28对,占9.33%;随机毗邻160对,占53.33%.负分离多出现在群落的优势种和一些伴生种之间,如山核桃、连翘与金花忍冬、灰栒子,伴生种相对个体少,盖度低,与优势种具有相似的生境要求,较激烈的竞争使得它们相互交错分布,充分利用资源,呈现负分离.较大的植株之间容易发生正分离,如茶条槭和杜梨,因为它们多是群落的建群种或优势种,具有较强的适应力和竞争力.从星座图上可清晰地看到种间分离在不同物种间存在一定差异.25×25最近邻体列联表的χ2检验结果表明:山核桃群落内25个物种是互相交错分布,全面不分离的.此外,种间分离的结果意味着该群落处于演替初期,与目前这一地区受人为和自然干扰严重,群落处于不稳定阶段的事实相符.     

MGMT Promoter Methylation Correlates with an Overall Survival Benefit in Chinese High-Grade Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Radiotherapy and Alkylating Agent-Based Chemotherapy: A Single-Institution Study

Promoter methylation of the O⁶-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene has been considered a prognostic marker and has become more important in the treatment of glioblastoma. However, reports on the correlation between MGMT and clinical outcomes in Chinese glioblastoma patients are very scarce. In this study, quantitative methylation data were obtained by the pyrosequencing of tumor tissues from 128 GBM patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 13.1 months, with a 1-year survival of 45.3%. The pyrosequencing data were reproducible based on archived samples yielding data for all glioblastomas. MGMT promoter methylation was detected in 75/128 cases (58.6%), whereas 53/128 (41.4%) cases were unmethylated. Further survival analysis also revealed that methylation was an independent prognostic factor associated with prolonged OS but not with progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.029 and p = 0.112, respectively); the hazard radios were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.42–0.96) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.48–1.09), respectively. These data indicated that MGMT methylation has prognostic significance in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioblastoma undergoing alkylating agent-based chemotherapy after surgical resection.     

用感染病毒细胞超微结构的差异区分RMV及TMV株系

通过透射电镜观察被长叶车前草花叶病毒(RMV)和烟草花叶病毒(TMV)不同株系感染的普通烟叶肉细胞的超微结构,发现两种病毒的粒子分布、内含体类型、被感染细胞超微结构的病变均存在差异.病毒粒子分布有成束、分散、环状、膜包被及角状成层或平行成层排列等类型,存在于细胞质及液泡中,但未见于细胞核、线粒体及叶绿体等细胞器中.内含体的X-小管形状有长杆状、短杆状及颗粒状,数量各异.细胞壁常引起增厚、结构松散及扭曲等变化.叶绿体聚集成堆或分布于细胞边缘,其数量、大小、形状及所含淀粉粒、嗜锇颗粒等存在差异,有些还有颗粒状物质积累.线粒体及内质网等在不同株系间也存在差异.本项研究表明,被感染细胞超微结构的差异可作为RMV和TMV株系区分的依据.     

数字化远程介入手术示教的实践与思考

目的:探讨介入手术远程演示教学系统的应用及效果。方法:采取多机组、多屏幕实况转播,将导管室的高清血管造影图像、术野图像、全景图像传输到会场。结果:学员对介入手术远程转播满意度为100%,其中最满意的是转播交互环节。本次共进行10台手术远程转播,无一例转播相关并发症发生,患者对治疗评价均及保护隐私情况非常满意。基本实现了导管室与会场的双向音视频互动,学员同术者在手术过程中的直接交流起到了较好的教学效果。结论:介入手术演示已经成为继续医学教育必不可少的手段,数字化介入手术转播是将来介入手术转播的发展方向。     

Corrigendum to ‘Nanopore-based Fourth-generation DNA Sequencing Technology' [GPB 144(2015)–GPB 13/1(4–16)]

<正>The authors regret that there were typos in the online version of Figure 4 published in Issue 1,2015.In the figure legend boxes of panels F and G,‘‘Ni’’should be corrected to‘‘N’’for the labeling of the green curves.The figure in the printed version has been corrected.The correct Figure 4 is shown below.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.     

小麦TaMlo基因的原核表达、抗体制备及细胞化学分析(简报)

白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis)是一类高度专化性的寄生真菌,可侵染650多种单子叶植物和 9000多种双子叶植物,能够引起多种麦类作物的白粉病,给农业生产带来巨大的损失。由于白粉病菌生理小种多、变异快,所以利用专化性抗病基因难以解决植物的持久抗病性问题。人们在研究大麦白粉病时．发现大麦Mlo基因的隐性突变可导致大麦对绝大多数白粉病菌生理小种的高效持久的广谱抗病性。Schulze-Lefert等多家实验室合作于1997年成功克隆了野生的 Mlo基因。进一步研究表明．该基因编码一种植物特有的具有7个跨膜区和羧基端长尾的膜蛋白(Mlo),它可能对植物细胞的坏死起负调控作用。但Mlo基因如何表达及其在白粉病菌发育中的作用机制尚不清楚。     

Aspergillus niger DLFCC-90 rhamnoside hydrolase, a new type of flavonoid glycoside hydrolase

A novel rutin-α-L-rhamnosidase hydrolyzing α-L-rhamnoside of rutin, naringin, and hesperidin was purified and characterized from Aspergillus niger DLFCC-90, and the gene encoding this enzyme, which is highly homologous to the α-amylase gene, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The novel enzyme was classified in glycoside-hydrolase (GH) family 13.     

食管鳞癌组织中CDC2、CLDN5蛋白表达及其临床病理意义的研究

目的探讨CDC2及CLDN5在食管鳞癌中表达及其临床病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组化Elivision法检测90例食管鳞癌组织、28例正常食管黏膜组织及16例重度不典型增生组织中CDC2和CLDN5的蛋白表达情况。结果在食管鳞癌和正常食管黏膜组织中CDC2和CI。DN5的阳性表达率分别为88．89％（80／90）、85．56％（77／90）和48．86％（12／28）、25．00％（7／28）,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。CDC2蛋白表达在低分化食管鳞癌中明显高于高分化食管鳞癌;临床分期Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期组的CDC2蛋白的表达显著高于I期、Ⅱ期组（P〈O．05）。CDC2和CLDN5在食管鳞癌中表达呈正相关（r=0．537,P〈o．05）。结论CDC2和CLDN5在食管鳞癌的发生、发展过程中可能发挥重要作用,可能作为食管癌临床早期诊断的重要指标。