Cynandione A mitigates ischemic injuries in rats with cerebral ischemia

Cynandione A, an acetophenone from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and other species in the genus attenuates neurotoxicity of a variety of neurotoxic agents such as l-glutamate in vitro. In this study, we sought to further characterize the neuroprotective effects of cynandione A and other acetophenones from the roots of C. auriculatum in pheochromocytoma tumor cell line PC12 and investigate whether cynandione A protected against ischemic injuries in rats with experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. Viability assays using the 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophen-yl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that cynandione A dose-dependently attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Comparative proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight MS/MS of PC12 cells treated with cynandione A showed 10 μM cynandione A caused broad changes in protein expression in PC12 cells including down-regulation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (DPYSL2). Immunoblotting studies showed that 10 μM cynandione A aborted glutamate-induced increase in DPYSL2 and HMGB1 levels in PC12 cells and 30 mg/kg cynandione A also attenuated the rise in HMGB1 levels and mitigated DPYSL2 cleavage in brain tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, rats with cerebral ischemia treated with 30 mg/kg cynandione A exhibited markedly improved neurological deficit scores at 24 and 72 h compared with control and a 7.2% reduction in cerebral infarction size at 72 h (p < 0.05 vs. control). Our findings demonstrated that cynandione A mitigated ischemic injuries and should be further explored as a neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke.     

Change in microbial communities in acetate- and glucose-fed microbial fuel cells in the presence of light

Power densities produced by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in natural systems are changed by exposure to light through the enrichment of photosynthetic microorganisms. When MFCs with brush anodes were exposed to light (4000 lx), power densities increased by 8–10% for glucose-fed reactors, and 34% for acetate-fed reactors. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that exposure to high light levels changed the microbial communities on the anodes. Based on 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of light-exposed systems the anode communities using glucose were also significantly different than those fed acetate. Dominant bacteria that are known exoelectrogens were identified in the anode biofilm, including a purple nonsulfur (PNS) photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and a dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens. Pure culture tests confirmed that PNS photosynthetic bacteria increased power production when exposed to high light intensities (4000 lx). These results demonstrate that power production and community composition are affected by light conditions as well as electron donors in single-chamber air-cathode MFCs.     

放牧对呼伦贝尔草地植物和土壤生态化学计量学特征的影响

放牧通过畜体采食、践踏和排泄物归还影响草地群落组成、植物形态和土壤养分,植物通过改变养分利用策略适应环境变化。通过分析呼伦贝尔草原放牧和围封样地中的群落植物和土壤的碳氮磷养分及化学计量比,探讨放牧对生态系统化学计量学特征和养分循环速率的影响机制。结果如下:(1)群落尺度上,放牧和围封草地植物叶片C、N和P的含量没有显著差异;但是在种群尺度上,放牧草地植物叶片N含量显著高于围封草地;(2)放牧草地土壤全C、全N、有机C、速效P含量,低于围封草地,硝态N含量高于围封草地;土壤全P和铵态N指标没有显著差异;(3)放牧草地植物C∶N比显著低于围封草地,植物残体分解速率较快,提高了生态系统养分循环速率。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T_(30)发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E .ashbyiiT3 0 产脂肪酶的条件 ,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基 :豆饼粉 30g/L ,玉米浆 30ml/L ,豆油 5ml/L ,KH2 PO4 5g/L ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 15g/L ,pH消前7 5。T3 0 在此培养基上振荡培养 2 8h ,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达 2 32酶活单位 /ml(较原株提高 36 5 % ) ,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性。另外 ,对T3 0 所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T3 0 核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨     

华广虻肠道溶纤活性蛋白的纯化和性质(英文)

经过 75 %饱和度硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 75凝胶过滤层析、Lys Sepharose 4B亲和层析和电泳制备洗脱 ,从华广虻 (TabanusamaenusWalker)腹部组织匀浆液中分离纯化出分子量约为 6 7KD的溶纤活性蛋白TAFP。经纤维蛋白平板测定表明 ,TAFP不仅具有纤溶酶作用 ,还具有激活纤溶酶原的作用 ;通过三肽生色底物测定发现 ,TAFP能分解纤溶酶原激活剂的生色底物—ChromozymUK及S 2 2 88。还能水解胰蛋白酶专一底物Bz Phe Val Arg NA及CBZ Gly Pro Arg NA ,表明TAFP具有类胰蛋白酶活性 ,专一水解精氨酸形成的酰胺键 (或肽键 )。TAFP无胰凝乳蛋白酶活性     

嗜热链球菌培养条件的研究

将嗜热链球菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）在６种固体培养基及７种液体培养基中的生长情况进行了比较,结果表明,改良ＩＲＩＥ固体培养基上的溶钙圈大,活菌数最多;在７种液体培养基中亦以改良ＩＲＩＥ的ＯＤ值最高,活菌最多,达８×１０^８／ｍｌ以上。以此培养基做生长曲线,该菌的平衡期为１２～１６ｈ。     

人松弛素原样蛋白H2在大肠杆菌中的表达、分离纯化及鉴定

利用聚合酶链式反应方法 ,从含有人前松弛素原cDNA基因的质粒 pMALp2X-hRLXH2上得到人松弛素原H2的编码基因 ,亚克隆到温度诱导型原核表达载体pBV2 2 0上 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α细胞。经 4 2℃温度诱导 ,获得了目的基因的高效表达。目的蛋白质以包含体的形式存在于大肠杆菌细胞中。菌体经过超声波破碎 ,包含体裂解 ,蛋白质的体外变性还原 ,复性 ,SephadexG 75凝胶过滤层析 ,反相快速蛋白质液相层析等一系列分离纯化过程 ,得到了高纯度的重组Met 人松弛素原样蛋白H2 ,得率约为 2～ 3mg/L。对纯化的目的蛋白质进行了SDS PAGE电泳纯度分析 ,氨基酸组成分析 ,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法测得目的蛋白质的分子量为 183 90 .4 (理论计算值为 183 92 .3 )。     

九节菖蒲脂溶性成分GC-MS分析

本文采用索氏提取法提取九节菖蒲中脂溶性成分,进行甲酯化处理后,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其组成和含量进行定性定量分析,共鉴定出21种脂溶性成分,主要为亚麻酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和芥酸,相对含量分别为48．26％、29．23％、10．63％和2．13％。九节菖蒲脂溶性成分具有较高的营养保健价值,值得进一步开发利用。     

南海岛屿种子植物区系地理的研究

本文通过实地考察,广泛收集前人的研究资料,概述了南海岛屿地区的自然条件和植被,对南海岛屿种子植物的区系组成、特点、分布区类型、特有现象和替代现象等进行了较详细的分析,并与邻近植物区系进行了比较研究。同时,根据区内植物分布的特点和自然条件特征划分为５个植物区系小区,最后对南海岛屿地区植物区系的起源与演化进行了讨论。