人胃癌BGC-823细胞中去甲斑蝥素抑癌作用机理的蛋白质组学研究

去甲斑蝥素是我国自行研制的抗肿瘤药物,在临床上主要用于消化道肿瘤的治疗．实验表明,去甲斑蝥素可引起人胃癌BGC-823细胞发生 M期阻滞及细胞凋亡．进一步利用双向电泳和质谱技术,筛选出了去甲斑蝥素抑癌作用相关蛋白．研究显示,线粒体热休克蛋白CH60、线粒体ATP合酶d亚单位、内质网葡萄糖调节蛋白GRP78、线粒体Hsp70的辅助因子GRPE1、SH3L3以及染色质组装因子1小亚基RBBP4参与了去甲斑蝥素的抑癌作用．研究提示,去甲斑蝥素可能通过促进线粒体热休克蛋白及p53的表达进而激活caspase-3依赖的凋亡通路,并且去甲斑蝥素在引发内质网协迫之后,可通过抑制胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal regulated kinase, ERK)的活性促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡．进一步分析了去甲斑蝥素与线粒体ATP合酶抑制剂寡霉素A的联合用药对人胃癌细胞生长的影响,结果表明,联合用药的抑瘤效果比单独用药的抑瘤效果显著,提示去甲斑蝥素可能通过抑制线粒体ATP合酶功能抑制BGC-823生长．上述结果为优化去甲斑蝥素的联合用药方案提供了新线索．     

Engineering imaging probes and molecular machines for nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is an emerging field that integrates nanotechnology, biomolecular engineering, life sciences and medicine; it is expected to produce major breakthroughs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Due to the size-compatibility of nano-scale structures and devices with proteins and nucleic acids, the design, synthesis and application of nanoprobes, nanocarriers and nanomachines provide unprecedented opportunities for achieving a better control of biological processes, and drastic improvements in disease detection, therapy, and prevention. Recent advances in nanomedicine include the development of functional nanoparticle based molecular imaging probes, nano-structured materials as drug/gene carriers for in vivo delivery, and engineered molecular machines for treating single-gene disorders. This review focuses on the development of molecular imaging probes and engineered nucleases for nanomedicine, including quantum dot bioconjugates, quantum dot-fluorescent protein FRET probes, molecular beacons, magnetic and gold nanoparticle based imaging contrast agents, and the design and validation of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) for gene targeting. The challenges in translating nanomedicine approaches to clinical applications are discussed.     

华广虻肠道溶纤活性蛋白的纯化和性质(英文)

经过 75 %饱和度硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 75凝胶过滤层析、Lys Sepharose 4B亲和层析和电泳制备洗脱 ,从华广虻 (TabanusamaenusWalker)腹部组织匀浆液中分离纯化出分子量约为 6 7KD的溶纤活性蛋白TAFP。经纤维蛋白平板测定表明 ,TAFP不仅具有纤溶酶作用 ,还具有激活纤溶酶原的作用 ;通过三肽生色底物测定发现 ,TAFP能分解纤溶酶原激活剂的生色底物—ChromozymUK及S 2 2 88。还能水解胰蛋白酶专一底物Bz Phe Val Arg NA及CBZ Gly Pro Arg NA ,表明TAFP具有类胰蛋白酶活性 ,专一水解精氨酸形成的酰胺键 (或肽键 )。TAFP无胰凝乳蛋白酶活性     

人松弛素原样蛋白H2在大肠杆菌中的表达、分离纯化及鉴定

利用聚合酶链式反应方法 ,从含有人前松弛素原cDNA基因的质粒 pMALp2X-hRLXH2上得到人松弛素原H2的编码基因 ,亚克隆到温度诱导型原核表达载体pBV2 2 0上 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α细胞。经 4 2℃温度诱导 ,获得了目的基因的高效表达。目的蛋白质以包含体的形式存在于大肠杆菌细胞中。菌体经过超声波破碎 ,包含体裂解 ,蛋白质的体外变性还原 ,复性 ,SephadexG 75凝胶过滤层析 ,反相快速蛋白质液相层析等一系列分离纯化过程 ,得到了高纯度的重组Met 人松弛素原样蛋白H2 ,得率约为 2～ 3mg/L。对纯化的目的蛋白质进行了SDS PAGE电泳纯度分析 ,氨基酸组成分析 ,通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法测得目的蛋白质的分子量为 183 90 .4 (理论计算值为 183 92 .3 )。     

HIV-protease inhibitors induce expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in insulin-sensitive tissues and promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and type 2 diabetes are among the sequelae of metabolic syndromes that occur in 60-80% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients treated with HIV-protease inhibitors (PIs). Studies to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) contributing to these changes, however, have mainly focused on acute, in vitro actions of PIs. Here, we examined the chronic (7 wk) in vivo effects of the PI indinavir (IDV) in male Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) (ZDF) rats. IDV exposure accelerated the diabetic state and dramatically exacerbated hyperglycemia and oral glucose intolerance in the ZDF rats, compared with vehicle-treated ZDF rats. Oligonucleotide gene array analyses revealed upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) expression in insulin-sensitive tissues of IDV rats. SOCS-1 is a known inducer of insulin resistance and diabetes, and immunoblotting analyses revealed increases in SOCS-1 protein expression in adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissues of IDV-administered ZDF rats. This was associated with increases in the upstream regulator TNF-alpha and downstream effector sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and a decrease in IRS-2. IDV and other PIs currently in clinical use induced the SOCS-1 signaling cascade also in L6 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed acutely to PIs under normal culturing conditions and in tissues from Zucker wild-type lean control rats administered PIs for 3 wk, suggesting an effect of these drugs even in the absence of background hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia. Our findings therefore indicate that induction of the SOCS-1 signaling cascade by PIs could be an important contributing factor in the development of metabolic dysregulation associated with long-term exposures to HIV-PIs.     

利用红外相机网络调查古田山自然保护区的兽类及雉类多样性

2014年5月至2015年4月,采用红外相机技术系统地调查了浙江省古田山国家级自然保护区内大中型地栖兽类和鸟的多样性组成。调查共获得244个有效位点的数据,其中兽类和雉类的照片视频共67 086份,有效探测数16 129次,包括分属6目15科的野生兽类21种、野生雉类5种、家畜及家禽4种。记录到雉类以外的其它鸟类52种,分属6目15科。在野生兽类和雉类中,国家一级重点保护野生动物2种,分别为黑麂（Muntiacus crinifrons）、白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）,国家二级重点保护野生动物7种,合计占物种总数的35%。IUCN物种红色名录评估为“易危VU”的物种2种,“近危NT”的物种5种,合计占物种总数的27%。中国生物多样性红色名录评估为“濒危”的动物1种,“易危”7种,“近危”5种,合计占物种总数的50%。独立探测数最高的兽类为小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）,雉类为白鹇。调查显示古田山保护区内受威胁的野生兽类和雉类的比例较高。本次调查将红外相机均匀布设于整个保护区,持续时长一年,全面监测保护区内兽类和雉类的物种组成与相对多度,为古田山保护区后续的科研项目和科学管理提供了重要依据。     

Strong repulsive forces between protein and oligo (ethylene glycol) self-assembled monolayers: a molecular simulation study

Restrained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the interaction forces of a protein with the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of S(CH2)4(EG)4OH, S(CH2)11OH, and S(CH2)11CH3 in the presence of water molecules. The force-distance curves were calculated by fixing the center of mass of the protein at several separation distances from the SAM surface. Simulation results show that the relative strength of repulsive force acting on the protein is in the decreasing order of OEG-SAMs > OH-SAMs > CH3-SAMs. The force contributions from SAMs and water molecules, the structural and dynamic behavior of hydration water, and the flexibility and conformation state of SAMs were also examined to study how water structure at the interface and SAM flexibility affect the forces exerted on the protein. Results show that a tightly bound water layer adjacent to the OEG-SAMs is mainly responsible for the large repulsive hydration force.     

Comparative analysis of vascular endothelial cell activation by TNF-α and LPS in humans and baboons

As an Old World nonhuman primate, baboons have been extensively used for research on dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. With increasing knowledge about the endothelium's role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, the value of the baboon model can be increased by developing it for research on the role of dysfunctional endothelium in atherogenesis. Toward that goal, we have established and validated methods of isolating and culturing baboon femoral artery endothelial cells (BFAECs) and compared baboon endothelial cellular characteristics with those of humans. Our results indicated that baboon and human endothelial cells share similar growth and culture behaviors. As was the case for human endothelial cells, BFAECs responded to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation with increased expression of adhesion molecules (maximum increase for intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM): 1.76±0.26-fold; vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM): 1.65±0.25-fold; E-selectin: 2.86±0.57-fold). However, BFAECs were hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (range, 0.25–20 μg/mL) in adhesion molecule expression, whereas 1 μg/mL LPS induced 2.14- to 3.71-fold increases in human endothelial cells. The differential responses to LPS were not related to TLR-2 and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression on the cell surface. And baboon microvascular endothelial cells had similar features as BFAECs. We observed constitutive expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in both human and baboon endothelial cells, and these cytokines were further induced by TNF-α and LPS. We also demonstrated that the responses to TNF-α or LPS varied among baboons maintained under the same dietary and environmental conditions, suggesting that response may be controlled by genetic factors.