子宫颈糜烂病毒病因的探讨

491份宫颈拭子病毒分离结果表明:糜烂宫颈单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)分离阳性率(30.8％)是正常宫颈(2.6％)的11.8倍,用人干扰素治疗一个疗程后,病毒分离率下降至疗前的1/4.36例糜烂宫颈活体组织DNA分子杂交表明,乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV-16)阳性者占52.8和,HPV-18占17.9％,HPV-6B占28.1％,HPV-11占7.7％,251例宫颈糜烂患者经人(?)D型基因工程干扰素双盲对比治疗后,总有效率达93.8％,显效率达60％,分析临床疗效与HSV分离率的变化表明,临床有效病例中有35％(49/140)在治疗后病毒阴转,有57％在疗前疗后均未分离出HSV,有5％在疗前疗后保持阳性不变,有2.9％疗前阴性,疗后阳性,上述结果表明,HSV和HPV与慢性宫颈炎有一定关系。     

A novel and highly efficient production system for recombinant adeno-associated virus vector

Recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV) has proven to be a promising gene delivery vector for human gene therapy. However, its application has been limited by difficulty in obtaining enough quantities of high-titer vector stocks. In this paper, a novel and highly efficient production system for rAAV is described. A recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1(rHSV-1) designated HSV1-rc/△UL2, which expressed adeno-associated virus type2(AAV-2) Rep and Cap proteins, was constructed previously. The data confirmed that its functions were to support rAAV replication and packaging, and the generated rAAV was infectious. Meanwhile, an rAAV proviral cell line designated BHK/SG2, which carried the green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene expression cassette, was established by transfecting BHK-21 cells with rAAV vector plasmid pSNAV-2-GFP. Infecting BHK/SG2 with HSV1-rc/△UL2 at an MOI of 0.1 resulted in the optimal yields of rAAV, reaching 250 transducing unit(TU) or 4.28×104 particles per cell. Therefore, compared with the conventional transfection method, the yield of rAAV using this "one proviral cell line, one helper virus" strategy was increased by two orders of magnitude. Large-scale production of rAAV can be easily achieved using this strategy and might meet the demands for clinical trials of rAAV-mediated gene therapy.     

Isolation of novel bacteria, including a candidate division, from geothermal soils in New Zealand

We examined bacterial diversity of three geothermal soils in the Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes recovered directly from soils indicated that the bacterial communities differed in composition and richness, and were dominated by previously uncultured species of the phyla Actinobacteria , Acidobacteria , Chloroflexi , Proteobacteria and candidate division OP10. Aerobic, thermophilic, organotrophic bacteria were isolated using cultivation protocols that involved extended incubation times, low-pH media and gellan as a replacement gelling agent to agar. Isolates represented previously uncultured species, genera, classes, and even a new phylum of bacteria. They included members of the commonly cultivated phyla Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Thermus/Deinococcus , Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes , as well as more-difficult-to-cultivate groups. Isolates possessing < 85% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to any cultivated species were obtained from the phyla Acidobacteria , Chloroflexi and the previously uncultured candidate division OP10. Several isolates were prevalent in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed directly from the soils. A key factor facilitating isolation was the use of gellan-solidified plates, where the gellan itself served as an energy source for certain bacteria. The results indicate that geothermal soils are a rich potential source of novel bacteria, and that relatively simple cultivation techniques are practical for isolating bacteria from these habitats.     

干旱对浑善达克沙地榆叶片解剖结构的影响

采用石蜡切片法对浑善达克沙地流动沙丘顶部、丘间草地处的浑善达克沙地榆及呼和浩特市白榆叶的解剖结构进行了对比观察和分析,以期探讨浑善达克沙地榆在解剖学方面适应干旱的机理。结果表明,虽然属同种植物,但由于环境条件的不同,叶片的解剖结构表现出明显的差异。生境条件最差的流动沙丘顶部的浑善达克沙地榆的抗旱性最强,具体表现为:叶片厚,表皮细胞大,具有较厚的表皮细胞外壁与角质层;栅栏组织发达,细胞缩小,排列紧密。     

Microbial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons: Properties of a Soluble Methane Monooxygenase from a Facultative Methane-Utilizing Organism, Methylobacterium sp. Strain CRL-26

Methylobacterium sp. strain CRL-26 grown in a fermentor contained methane monooxygenase activity in soluble fractions. Soluble methane monooxygenase catalyzed the epoxidation/hydroxylation of a variety of hydrocarbons, including terminal alkenes, internal alkenes, substituted alkenes, branched-chain alkenes, alkanes (C₁ to C₈), substituted alkanes, branched-chain alkanes, carbon monoxide, ethers, and cyclic and aromatic compounds. The optimum pH and temperature for the epoxidation of propylene by soluble methane monooxygenase were found to be 7.0 and 40°C, respectively. Among various compounds tested, only NADH₂ or NADPH₂ could act as an electron donor. Formate and NAD⁺ (in the presence of formate dehydrogenase contained in the soluble fraction) or 2-butanol in the presence of NAD⁺ and secondary alcohol dehydrogenase generated the NADH₂ required for the methane monooxygenase. Epoxidation of propylene catalyzed by methane monooxygenase was not inhibited by a range of potential inhibitors, including metal-chelating compounds and potassium cyanide. Sulfhydryl agents and acriflavin inhibited monooxygenase activity. Soluble methane monooxygenase was resolved into three components by ion-exchange chromatography. All three compounds are required for the epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions.     

我国生物多样性保护与减贫协同发展模式探索

生物多样性和贫困是全球关注的热点论题,生物多样性保护与减贫是关乎我国可持续发展、人民生活水平提高和2020年能否全面实现小康社会的重要问题。近年来,生态环境保护特别是生物多样性保护与贫困地区区域整体协调发展越来越受到社会各界的关注。本文对我国生物多样性保护与减贫的积极和消极影响关系进行了梳理和分析,采用态势分析法对我国现行的生物多样性保护与减贫的宏观政策在未来二者协同发展过程中的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行了深入探讨。并在此基础上对以生物多样性可持续利用为核心的保护与减贫协调发展的途径进行了探索,提出了促进二者协同发展的生态移民、绿色资本带动、生态旅游、绿色考评等模式,以期对我国推进生物多样性保护与减贫协同发展提供借鉴。     

中国汉族人群间-α-胰蛋白酶抑制因子(ITI)的遗传多态性

我们建立了测定间-α-胰蛋白酶抑制因子遗传表型的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦免疫固定技术,应用这种方法对居住在成都地区的汉族群体进行了群体研究和家系调查,结果表明中国汉族人群间-α-胰蛋白酶抑制因子具有遗传多态性,它有希望成为法医血液遗传学新的遗传标记。     

Comparative proteome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 and A. oryzae 100-8 strains: Towards the production of different soy sauce flavors

Aspergillus oryzae plays a central role in soybean fermentation, particularly in its contribution to the flavor of soy sauce. We present a comparative assessment of the intracellular differences between wild-type strain 3.042 and mutant strain A100-8, at the proteome level. 522 different protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, with 134 spots being confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Of these, 451 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). There was at least a two-fold increase for 288 spots, and at least a two-fold decrease for 163 spots, in strain A100-8 when compared to 3.042. Further analysis showed that 63 of the more abundant proteins were involved in glycolysis and the citrate cycle; 43 more abundant proteins and 10 less abundant proteins were related to amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism; two of the more abundant proteins were involved in vitamin biosynthesis; and five of the more abundant proteins and four of the less abundant proteins were related to secondary metabolites. Moreover, quantitative real time PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of six typical genes we selected were consistent with changes in protein expression. We postulate that there may be a relationship between DEPs and the flavor formation mechanism in A. oryzae.     

高粱抗蚜研究进展

高粱(Sorghum bicolour)是世界上最重要的粮食、饲料、酿造和能源作物之一, 也是C₄植物研究的模式植物。蚜虫是农业生产上的重要害虫, 几乎危害所有的栽培作物。危害高粱的蚜虫主要包括高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)和玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)。高粱的抗蚜资源尚不丰富且缺乏深入系统的研究。目前研究较多的是麦二叉蚜的抗性遗传方面, 已定位20个抗性QTLs, 单一QTL对抗性差异贡献率最高可达80.3%, 对高粱蚜和玉米蚜的研究尚需进一步加强。高粱的理化特性与其抗蚜性能相关, 故可与育种实践相结合。高粱和蚜虫(Acyrthosiphon pisum)的全基因组测序工作已经完成, 这将有助于蚜虫-植物间的相互作用关系及植物对蚜虫的抗性机制研究。目前已克隆到2个抗蚜基因, 且多个抗蚜基因(位点)已被定位在染色体上。该文重点综述了上述研究成果并对高粱抗蚜的研究前景进行了展望。     

发根土壤杆菌体外转化甘草子叶及下胚轴

利用发根土壤杆菌农杆碱型15834、A_4菌株和甘露碱型8196、K_(599)菌株体外转化甘草子叶及下胚轴。结果表明:除K_(599)菌株外,其余三种菌株都能诱导产生甘草发状根无性系。其中15834菌株的诱导率最高,下胚轴的诱导率高于子叶。组织学观察表明,在感染后4天左右,下胚轴维管束鞘外细胞、特别是形成层部分细胞大量启动形成分生细胞及分生细胞团,并进一步分裂形成根原基。6—8天后根原基具单向极性生长形成完整的发状根结构。发状根能在无外源激素的培养基上迅速生长。高压纸电泳检测到发状根中存在农杆碱及甘露碱,说明Ri质粒T-DNA编码的这两种冠瘿碱合成酶基因在甘草细胞中得到了表达。