剪切应力环境下的内皮祖细胞对肝星状细胞增殖和生物功能的影响

目的：研究流体剪切应力条件下的内皮祖细胞（EPCs）对肝星状细胞（HSCs）增殖、粘附、迁移、凋亡等生物学功能以及成纤维化因子α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、胶原I （Col-I）、胶原III （Col-III）表达的影响。方法：将HSCs与EPCs分别接种于共培养小室的上层和下层,共培养24 h后,给EPCs细胞施加12 dyne/cm²剪切应力,持续24 h。消化细胞,采用CCK-8法检测HSCs的增殖;流式细胞术检测HSCs的凋亡率;细胞贴壁法检测HSCs的粘附功能;Boyden小室检测HSCs的迁移;荧光定量PCR法及Western blot分别检测HSCs的α-SMA、Col-I、Col-III mRNA和蛋白质的表达情况。结果：在剪切应力条件下,EPCs生态小境能明显抑制HSCs的增殖、粘附和迁移能力,促进HSCs凋亡,下调HSCs中Col-I、Col-III mRNA和蛋白质的表达。结论：在剪切应力条件下,EPCs生态小境对HSCs纤维化的发展具有一定抑制作用。     

定量PCR比较两种苦瓜制品对人肠道菌群结构的体外调节作用

目的通过体外厌氧培养联合定量PCR的方法比较两种不同的苦瓜制品,苦瓜全粉（Bitter melon power。BMP）和苦瓜乙醇提取物（Bitter melon ethanol extract,BME）,对健康人和2型糖尿患者肠道菌群结构的调节作用。方法采集一名健康个体和一名2型糖尿病个体的新鲜粪便样品,在体外厌氧的条件下与不同浓度的BMP或BME共培养,收集0、12、24、48h的菌体沉淀。采用定量PCR的方法,检测乳杆菌属细菌、双歧杆菌属细菌、丁酸盐产生菌、硫酸盐还原菌和肠杆菌科细菌这5类细菌在总菌中相对含量的变化。结果培养过程中,双歧杆菌属细菌、硫酸盐还原菌和肠杆菌科细菌在两名个体培养样本中表现出类似的生长趋势,而乳杆菌属细菌和丁酸盐产生菌则有差异。相同培养时间下,与对照组相比,BMP和BME在两名个体的培养样本中均能富集乳杆菌属细菌、双歧杆菌属细菌和丁酸盐产生菌,并抑制肠杆菌科细菌,但是只有BMP15mg／mL能持续抑制硫酸盐还原菌。相同浓度之下,BMP对菌群结构的调节效果比BME显著。结论来自不同个体的相同肠道细菌类群可能呈现不同的体外生长趋势,但BMP和BME均能对同一细菌类群起到类似的调节作用;且相较于BME,BMP通过富集一些有益细菌并抑制机会致病细菌从而改善肠道菌群结构的效果更显著。     

外源输入碳在生物结皮土壤各碳组分中的分配特征

研究外源新输入碳进入生物结皮后在各碳组分间的分配特征,可以为理解生物结皮参与碳地球化学循环过程提供数据支持和理论依据。本研究针对黄土高原典型苔藓生物结皮,借助¹³C脉冲标记技术,精确示踪外源新输入碳在生物结皮碳组分中的分配特征及其与无结皮裸地的差异,揭示生物结皮对碳循环的影响。结果表明: 1)由于生物结皮养分循环速率较慢,且与维管束植物相比,其主要生物成分苔藓的生物量有限,导致生物结皮各碳组分的¹³C丰度值均随时间变化表现相对平稳。2)生物结皮的各碳组分¹³C含量均明显高于无结皮裸地,其有机碳、微生物生物量碳、可溶性有机碳中¹³C含量平均分别为0.258、0.078、0.004 mg·kg^-1,分别比裸地高3.1、18.5、2.6倍,且苔藓植株¹³C含量高达1.45 mg·kg^-1。3)生物结皮改变了有机碳各组分的分配特征,其新同化的碳主要分配于活性有机碳库和结皮生物中,表现为¹³C在微生物生物量碳中的分配率(30.6%)高于可溶性有机碳(1.7%),而苔藓植株的¹³C分配率为20.3%。4)生物结皮中微生物生物量¹³C的转移量和库容量分别是裸地的15.7和19.5倍,但其周转率(每月2.94次)略低于裸地(每月3.30次),相应周转期是裸地的1.1倍。综上,生物结皮改变了土壤有机碳组分的分配特征,提升了碳周转速率,在干旱荒漠生态系统碳循环中的作用不容忽视。     

时变Kolmogorov系统的调和解研究

我们采用了反射函数法研究了时变Kolmogorov系统调和解的性态.给出了该系统为以某函数为反射函数的简单微分系统时,其反射函数的结构形式,以及给出了该系统具有一些反射函数的充分条件,并应用所得结论讨论了时变Kolmogorov系统解的定性性态.     

靶向5-LOX中药黄酮类化合物的活性筛选及其作用方式和共性规律研究

筛选靶向结合炎症相关蛋白5-LOX(5-lipoxygenase,5-脂氧合酶)的中药黄酮类天然产物,分析与5-LOX结合的黄酮类成分及其来源中药的共性规律。本研究借助Discovery Studio 2017 R2分子对接和药效团构建模块,结合SPR分子筛选实验,以及关联网络构建的方法进行研究。研究结果显示,来源于17种中药的18个黄酮类小分子中有11个能够与5-LOX结合,并从分子对接以及药效团构建研究中发现其作用的3种方式和共性特征:(1)部分中药黄酮成分(如木犀草素等)通过结构中的B环与5-LOX在活性位点ASP243形成静电中心相结合;(2)部分中药黄酮成分(如芹菜素等)是通过结构中的A环与活性位点VAL520形成疏水键、与活性位点ASP243形成氢键与5-LOX结合;(3)杨梅苷等黄酮类成分由于极性较强,在没有形成疏水键的情况下,也是通过形成静电中心与5-LOX在活性位点ASP243产生相互作用。此外还发现靶向5-LOX的活性中药黄酮类化合物,大多来源于具有利湿、退黄等功效,性味甘苦寒的景天科中药中。本研究发现了部分靶向5-LOX的中药黄酮类成分及其作用方式和共性规律,为开发靶向5-LOX抗肿瘤新药提供思路和方法。     

稻茬冬小麦氮肥吸收、残留和损失特性

为推进稻茬小麦氮肥合理施用,采取田间¹⁵N示踪技术研究了施氮量(0、150、225、300 kg·hm^-2,分别表示为N₀、N₁₅₀、N₂₂₅、N₃₀₀)对氮肥回收、残留、损失和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明: 随施氮量增加,小麦植株不同来源氮素积累量显著增加,氮肥回收率则显著下降。基肥氮以越冬至拔节期在植株中的积累量最高,追肥氮以拔节至开花期积累量最高;成熟期各处理追肥氮在植株中的积累量均高于基肥氮,N₁₅₀处理植株中土壤氮的积累量高于肥料氮,N₂₂₅、N₃₀₀处理呈相反趋势。随施氮量增加,成熟期0～100 cm土层氮肥残留量显著增加,肥料氮在60～100 cm土层残留比例逐渐升高。小麦全生育期氮肥损失量和损失率均随施氮量增加而增加,基肥氮损失量以播种至越冬期最高,追肥氮损失量以拔节至开花期最高。综合考虑籽粒产量,N₂₂₅处理可作为稻茬小麦氮肥推荐用量,相应的籽粒产量为6735 kg·hm^-2,氮肥回收率、土壤残留率和损失率分别为42.6%、34.0%和23.3%。     

超甜玉米种子萌发物质利用性状杂种优势及亲子回归关系分析

为阐明超甜玉米(Zea mays L.var.saccharata Bailey)亲本对F_1种子物质利用性状遗传效应,研究了19份自交系和其测配的10个杂交组合的杂种优势及亲子回归关系。结果表明,超甜玉米自交系及F_1种子的淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重、种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率差异较大,10个杂交组合中亲本和F_1种子的淀粉含量、脂肪含量、百粒重均存在显著差异。F_1种子淀粉含量和百粒重均表现出正向超亲优势,即近高亲本遗传;而F_1种子的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率为近低亲本遗传。聚类分析和杂种优势分析表明,性状差异较大的FH14、Q26、GT22、GT2等亲本测配的杂交组合在种子百粒重或种子物质利用率等性状上具有较强的超亲优势。回归分析表明,母本对F_1种子的淀粉含量、百粒重有负效应,对种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率有正效应;父本对种子淀粉含量有负效应,对种子物质利用率有正效应。     

Effects of inflammatory factors on mesenchymal stem cells and their role in the promotion of tumor angiogenesis in colon cancer

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are modulated by cytokines present in the tumor microenvironment, play an important role in tumor progression. It is well documented that inflammation is an important part of the tumor microenvironment, so we investigated whether stimulation of MSCs by inflammatory cytokines would contribute to their ability to promote tumor growth. We first showed that MSCs could increase C26 colon cancer growth in mice. This growth-promoting effect was further accelerated when the MSCs were pre-stimulated by inflammatory factors IFN-γ and TNF-α. At the same time, we demonstrated that MSCs pre-stimulated by both inflammatory factors could promote tumor angiogenesis in vivo to a greater degree than untreated MSCs or MSCs pre-stimulated by either IFN-γ or TNF-α alone. A hen egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay showed that treatment of MSC-conditioned medium can promote chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis in vitro, especially treatment with conditioned medium of MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ and TNF-α together. This mechanism of promoting angiogenesis appears to take place via an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which itself takes place through an increase in signaling in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent pathway. Inhibition of HIF-1α in MSCs by siRNA was found to effectively reduce the ability of MSC to affect the growth of colon cancer in vivo in the inflammatory microenviroment. These results indicate that MSCs stimulated by inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α in the tumor microenvironment express higher levels of VEGF via the HIF-1α signaling pathway and that these MSCs then enhance tumor angiogenesis, finally leading to colon cancer growth in mice.     

水生花卉对铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻和小球藻生长的影响

选择黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus)、溪荪(I.sanguinea)、梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)、白花水龙(Jussiaea repens)、水罂粟(Hydrocleys nymphoides)和大藻(Pistia stratiotes)6种具有较高观赏价值的水生花卉,通过将植物种植水与藻类共同培养的方式研究了不同种植时间的种植水对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliqnus)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长的影响.结果表明:6种水生花卉种植水对3种藻类的化感作用具有选择性.通过6d的处理,种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制率为31.22％ ～ 96.53％,除白花水龙外,其余5种花卉的种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制率均超过70％,表现出很好的抑藻效果;种植水对斜生栅藻生长的抑制率为23.15％～77.25％;而种植水对小球藻有抑制也有促进,抑制率为-26.07％ ～75.70％,大藻、梭鱼草和溪荪抑制小球藻的生长,黄菖蒲、白花水龙表现为低促高抑,水罂粟表现为促进作用.随着种植时间的延长,种植水对3种藻类的抑制作用增强.6种水生花卉种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用由大到小依次为水罂粟＞黄菖蒲＞梭鱼草＞大藻＞溪荪＞白花水龙;对斜生栅藻生长的抑制作用由大到小依次为梭鱼草＞溪荪＞黄菖蒲＞水罂粟＞白花水龙＞大藻;对小球藻生长的抑制作用由大到小依次为大藻＞梭鱼草＞溪荪＞黄菖蒲、白花水龙＞水罂粟.试验表明,6种水生花卉在控制城市景观水体中的藻类水华有一定的推广价值.     

Meat Consumption and Risk of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Purpose

High meat consumption, especially red and processed meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, however, evidence for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer is limited. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to determine the association between intakes of total meat, processed meat, red meat, and white meat, and the risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer.

Methods

Electronic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database was conducted to select relevant studies. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also performed.

Results

12 case–control studies and one cohort study were included in the analyses, including 501,730 subjects and 4,104 oral cavity and oropharynx cancer cases. Pooled results indicated that high consumption of total meat, red meat, and white meat were not significantly associated with increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer (RR = 1.14, 95% CI[0.78–1.68]; RR = 1.05, 95% CI[0.66, 1.66] and RR = 0.81, 95% CI[0.54, 1.22], respectively), while the high consumption of processed meat was significantly associated with a 91% increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer (RR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.19–3.06]). Sensitivity analysis indicated that no significant variation in combined RR by excluding any of the study, confirming the stability of present results.

Conclusions

The present meta-analysis suggested that high consumption of processed meat was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer, while there was no significantly association between total meat, red meat or white meat and the risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer. More prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these associations.