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971.
972.
Ying?ZhangEmail author Miao?Hu Pengfei?Li Xin?Wang Qingjuan?Meng 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2015,99(14):6091-6102
Trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation and the variations of bacteria composition and structure in the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were investigated by increasing the operating temperature from 20 to 40 °C. The influent was supplemented with 36.5 mg/L of TCE. There was a rise in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency from 20 to 35 °C and a decline when temperature enhanced to 40 °C. It reached maximum at 35 °C. In addition, TCE removal efficiency increased with temperature varying from 20 to 35 °C, and it dropped dramatically to 78.38 % at 40 °C, which presumably because the genus of Dehalobacter, a kind of bacteria with the ability to dechlorinate TCE to the corresponding chlorinated products, was not detected at 40 °C according to sequencing results. The Illumina MiSeq platform was adopted to explore the bacteria composition and structure in response to temperature shifts. The results indicated that temperature impacted greatly on the dominance and presence of specific populations at different taxonomic levels. Importantly, the class Dehalococcoidia was detected from 25 to 40 °C, in which there were many well-known Dehalococcoides sp. strains that were capable of complete dechlorination of TCE to ethene. It also suggested the potential function of the dominant genera (non-dechlorinating bacteria and dechlorinating bacteria) in the reactor. 相似文献
973.
The major characteristics of pancreatic cancer are its excessive local invasion and early systemic dissemination. The glucose-regulated protein is over-expressed in many human cancers including pancreatic cancer and correlated with invasion and metastasis in many cancers. To investigate the effect of Grp78 on the invasion of pancreatic cancer, we used western blot and Transwell assay. We found Grp78 is expressed at lower levels in capan-2 and higher expressed in MiaPaCa-2 cells, and Grp78 expression levels were correlated with the invasion potentials of tumor cells. Then,we increased the expression of Grp78 in capan-2 cells and decreased the expression of Grp78 in MiaPaCa-2 cells. We found that over-expression of Grp78 caused significant increase in the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-14, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in Capan-2 cells. Consistently, knockdown of Grp78 decreased the expression of them in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Gelatin zymography showed Grp78 over-expression stimulated the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, while GRP78 knockdown reduced the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Cytoskeleton staining showed that knockdown of Grp78 caused a marked increase in cytoskeleton F-actin stress fibers in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Consistently, GRP78 knockdown hyperactivated RhoA and inhibited significantly Rac activity. Grp78 over-expression decreases the RhoA and stimulated Rac activity. We also found that Grp78 modulated FAK and JNK signaling pathways. Over-expression of GRP78 in Capan-2 activated FAK and JNK. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of FAK by shRNA in combination with blockade of JNK signaling pathway with SP600125 completely inhibited GRP78-induced cancer cell invasion. GRP78 is involved in the regulation of pancreatic cancer invasion. FAK and JNK are the key downstream effectors of GRP78. 相似文献
974.
975.
976.
Based on field investigations, as well as investigation of relevant specimens, Pimpinella rhomboidea var. tenuiloba is shown to be conspecific with Melanosciadium bipinnatum. The distribution and habitat of M. bipinnatum is redescribed and notes on the taxonomy of the species are presented. 相似文献
977.
Xin-Yan?Liao Lin-Tong?Yang Yi-Bin?Lu Xin?Ye Li-Song?ChenEmail author 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2015,37(1):1743
Four scion-rootstock combination [i.e., X/X and X/SP, ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis) grafted on ‘Xugan’ and ‘Sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis), respectively, and SP/X and SP/SP, ‘Sour pummelo’ grafted on ‘Xuegan’ and ‘Sour pummelo’, respectively] plants were treated for 18 weeks with 0 (?Al) or 1.2 mM AlCl3·6H2O (+Al). Thereafter, leaf, stem and root concentrations of phosphorus and aluminum (Al), leaf and root levels of organic acids (OAs), Al-induced release of OA anions (i.e., malate and citrate), photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transients were measured. Al-induced decrease of photosynthesis and damage of photosynthetic electron transport chain were less pronounced in X/X and X/SP leaves than in SP/SP and SP/X leaves, which might be related with the higher Al-induced root efflux of OA anions and leaf P concentration. C. sinensis rootstock alleviated the influences of Al-toxicity on leaf photosynthetic electron transport chain by enhancing Al-induced release of root OA anions, hence lessening Al-induced photosynthesis inhibition in SP/X plants, while the reverse was the case for C. grandis rootstock in X/SP plants. In conclusion, the tolerance of grafted Citrus plants to Al depends on the scion as well as rootstock genotype, and the scion-rootstock interaction. 相似文献
978.
979.
石磺科3种贝类皮肤显微结构比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用石蜡切片和H.E染色技术,对石磺科(Onchidiidae)3个属的代表物种:瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)、平疣桑椹石磺(Platevindex mortoni)和里氏拟石磺(Paraoncidium reevesii)的皮肤进行了组织学观察及参数测量比较。结果表明,3种石磺的皮肤虽然厚度不一,但基本结构相似,均由角质膜、表皮和真皮构成。角质膜是一层覆盖于表皮角质层上的蛋白质薄膜;表皮由多层上皮细胞构成,包括角质层、颗粒层和生发层;真皮包括疏松层和致密层,疏松层中嵌有颗粒腺和黏液腺两种腺体。3种石磺的皮肤厚度、各组织相对厚度及腺体数量等均存在差异。将结构差异与石磺的栖息环境进行比较分析后得到:陆栖为主的瘤背石磺皮肤表皮角质化程度高,颗粒腺发达;以水栖为主的里氏拟石磺表皮角质化程度相对低,黏液腺发达;而水陆两栖的平疣桑椹石磺,皮肤角质化程度介于前述二者之间,颗粒腺与黏液腺均不发达。研究结果体现了三者不同的生态适应特征,也为深入探讨海洋无脊椎动物从海洋向陆地进化的研究提供形态学依据。 相似文献
980.
H/ACA RNA-guided ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), the most complicated RNA pseudouridylase so far known, uses H/ACA guide RNA for substrate capture and four proteins (Cbf5, Nop10, L7Ae and Gar1) for pseudouridylation. Although it was shown that Gar1 not only facilitates the product release, but also enhances the catalytic activity, the chemical role that Gar1 plays in this complicated machinery is largely unknown. Kinetics measurement on Pyrococcus furiosus RNPs at different temperatures making use of fluorescence anisotropy showed that Gar1 reduces the catalytic barrier through affecting the activation entropy instead of enthalpy. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that V149 in the thumb loop of Cbf5 is critical in placing the target uridine to the right position toward catalytic D85 of Cbf5. The enzyme elegantly aligns the position of uridine in the catalytic site with the help of Gar1. In addition, conversion of uridine to pseudouridine results in a rigid syn configuration of the target nucleotide in the active site and causes Gar1 to pull out the thumb. Both factors guarantee the efficient release of the product. 相似文献