Association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of interleukin-10 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease

The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Fifteen studies (3,693 cases and 4,574 controls) were included in a meta-analysis of association between IL-10 ?1082G/A, ?819C/T and ?592C/A polymorphisms, and IBD, CD and UC using allele contrast and the recessive, dominant, and additive models. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was confirmed for each study. Heterogeneity and study quality were investigated using stratification analyses and sensitivity analyses. Polymorphism ?1082G/A showed significant association with CD, with odds ratios (ORs) for the GG + GA genotype and GG versus AA genotype of 1.278 (1.004–1.627) and 1.238 (1.027–1.492) in all subjects. Significant associations were found in the Caucasian subgroup using the allele contrast, dominant, and additive models. C-allele carriers of the ?819C/T polymorphism were at increased risk of IBD (OR 1.093, 95 % CI 1.004–1.190). Association with the ?819C/T polymorphism was also found in Caucasians with CD (C vs. T: OR 1.104, 95 % CI 1.010–1.206; CC + CT vs. TT: OR 1.328, 95 % CI 1.006–1.754; CC vs. TT: OR 1.339, 95 % CI 1.008–1.778), and with UC (CC vs. CT + TT: OR 1.188, 95 % CI 1.019–1.385). No significant association was found between the ?592C/A polymorphism and IBD, CD or UC. In conclusion, the meta-analysis demonstrated clear association between the IL-10 polymorphisms ?1082G/A and ?819C/T and the risk of IBD.     

Elevated GAPDH expression is associated with the proliferation and invasion of lung and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, is one of the most investigated housekeeping genes and widely used as an internal control in analysis of gene expression levels. The present study was designed to assess whether GAPDH is associated with cancer cell growth and progression and, therefore may not be a good internal control in cancer research. Our results from clinical tissue studies showed that the levels of GAPDH protein were significantly up‐regulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues, compared with the adjacent normal lung tissues, and this was confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. GAPDH knockdown by siRNA resulted in significant reductions in proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. In a nude mouse cancer xenograft model, GAPDH knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and migration/invasion in vivo. In summary, GAPDH may not be an appropriate internal control for gene expression studies, especially in cancer research. The role of GAPDH in cancer development and progression should be further examined in pre‐clinical and clinical studies.     

胡须信息在大鼠双侧初级体感皮层间的传递路径

大鼠的初级体感皮层(primary somatosensory cortex,SⅠ)虽然只接受来自对侧胡须的上行输入,但仍可以被同侧胡须刺激所激活.解剖学研究发现,在两侧SⅠ皮层之间有两条传递胡须信息胼胝体通路:一条是类颗粒区(perigranular zone,PGZ)通路;另一条是异颗粒区(dysgranular zone,DZ)通路.然而,哪一条通路在传递胡须刺激信息的过程中起主要作用还不清楚.本研究使用电压敏感染料(voltage-sensitive dye,VSD)成像技术来观察胡须刺激时整个SⅠ的神经元群体活动的空间分布和时间特性.实验发现,对侧胡须刺激首先激活barrel(颗粒区,granular zone,GZ),然后以兴奋波的形式传播到胡须感觉区(sub-barrel field cortex,BFC)外侧的DZ.而与首先激活BFC的对侧胡须刺激不同,同侧胡须刺激首先激活SⅠ的DZ.所激发的皮层兴奋以波的形式传播并扩散至BFC.失活另一侧皮层可以抑制这种同侧反应.电刺激另一侧半球皮层与刺激同侧胡须类似,也首先激活成像侧DZ.我们的实验结果显示,胡须刺激激活对侧SⅠ,在经过胼胝体传导后,另一侧半球的DZ(同侧于被刺激的胡须)被激活.连接双侧皮层DZ区的胼胝体连接在SⅠ对同侧胡须刺激的反应中起了主导作用.     

酪酸梭菌与婴儿型双歧杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌试管内生物拮抗作用的研究

用酪酸权菌（Clostridium butyricum）和婴儿型双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium Infantis）对产气荚膜梭菌（Clostriduim perfringens）进行试管内的生物拮抗试验。将酪酸梭菌、婴儿型双歧杆菌及酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌分别对产气荚膜酸菌以一定的比例等量混合接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。实验证明酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧能明显抑制产气荚膜梭菌的生长,并且比各自单独培养时显示了较强的生物拮抗作用。     

Bombyx mori prothoracicostatic peptide inhibits ecdysteroidogenesis in vivo

Bombyx prothoracicostatic peptide (Bom-PTSP) is a brain neuropeptide that has recently been reported to have in vitro inhibitory activity to prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-stimulated ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the prothoracic gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. In the present report, Bom-PTSP has been shown to significantly decrease hemolymph ecdysteroid titer in the fifth instar larvae when Bom-PTSP was injected into the fifth instar day 8 silkworm larvae, resulting in significant delay in spinning behavior. This is the first evidence that Bom-PTSP inhibits in vivo ecdysteroidogenesis in the silkworm.     

不同口径陷阱诱捕器诱杀梨小食心虫研究

梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)是重要的蛀果类害虫之一,目前性信息素广泛应用于梨小食心虫防治,为明确性信息素陷阱诱捕器的诱捕效果,针对开口方式设计四面开口和两面开口两种处理的陷阱诱捕器;针对口径的大小下设计2、3、4、5、6 cm的5种口径的对口瓶陷阱式诱捕器,分别在桃园对梨小食心虫进行诱捕试验,诱捕结果显示两面开口的诱捕器诱捕效果比四面开口的诱捕器效果显著,口径为2 cm和3 cm的陷井式诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,诱捕量显著高于5 cm和6 cm,诱捕量达34.6头/日和20.4头/日。通过试验明确了陷阱诱捕器的最佳诱捕效果的参数,同时为测报及田间大量诱杀的诱捕器使用提供依据,为防控梨小食心虫性信息素诱捕器提供标准化参数。     

过氧化物酶体增殖剂对稻瘟病菌生长发育及致病性的影响

【目的】探索过氧化物酶体增殖剂(Peroxisome proliferators,PPs)对稻瘟病菌生长发育及致病性的影响。【方法】在6种不同的PPs诱导下,观察比较稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体数量及相关基因表达、生长速率、孢子萌发、附着胞形成与致病性的差异。【结果】在不同的PPs诱导下,稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体数量均呈现明显的增加,同时过氧化物酶体形成相关基因PEX8、PEX11、PEX14的表达量升高;PPs影响病菌菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发及附着孢形成,并导致致病性的减弱。其中,2,4-D与阿司匹林的抑制效果最为显著。同时,2,4-D与ASA对稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体形成突变体Δpex5和Δpex7的生长抑制效果与野生菌株相比明显增加。【结论】首次将PPs类化合物用于模式丝状病原真菌稻瘟病菌的研究。研究发现6种PPs均能够引起过氧化物酶体的增殖,并可抑制稻瘟病菌生长发育,降低致病性。     

白蜡虫碱性磷酸酶功能基团的研究

白蜡ricerus pela雌成虫经匀浆,正丁醇抽提,硫酸铵分段盐析,SephadexG-150凝胶过滤等步骤,得到比活力为136.65U/mg蛋白酶制品,用苯甲基磺酰氟、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、三硝基苯磺酸、二巯基苏糖醇、对氯汞苯甲酸、琥珀酸酐、溴乙酸、碘乙酸等化学修饰剂在一定条件下选择修饰白蜡虫碱性磷酸酶的几种氨基酸残基,并测定酶活力变化。结果表明：苯甲基磺酰氟、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、三硝基苯磺酸、琥珀酸酐、二巯基苏糖醇的修饰能显著抑制酶的活力,活力的降低与修饰剂的浓度有关,氯汞苯甲酸、溴乙酸、碘乙酸的修饰对酶的抑制作用影响较小。初步认为：丝氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸残基是白蜡虫碱性磷酸酶的必需功能基团,部分二硫键也是酶的催化功能所必需的。     

青岛市秋季空气微生物群落多样性

采用KC-6120空气综合采样器采集空气微生物样品,通过构建16S/18SrDNA克隆文库方法分析青岛市市区街道秋季空气微生物群落结构特征.结果表明： 空气细菌分布在6大类,分别为变形菌门(78.8%)、厚壁菌门(14.6%)、放线菌门(4.0%)、浮霉菌门(1.3%)、蓝藻门(0.7%)和栖热菌门(0.6%),优势菌属为不动杆菌属(39.7%)、葡萄球菌属(11.3%)、鞘脂单胞菌属(8.6%)和副球菌属(6.0%).空气真菌分布在子囊菌门(97.5%)和担子菌门(2.5%),优势菌属为核腔菌属(76.5%)、炭角菌属(13.6%)和外瓶霉属(2.5%).空气微生物中存在不动杆菌属、鞘脂单胞菌、葡萄球菌等致病菌或条件致病菌,以及引发多种农作物枯萎死亡的麦类核腔菌、团炭角菌和角状平脐疣孢等真菌.     

历史因素对土壤微生物群落与外来细菌入侵间关系的影响

群落的组成和结构如何影响其可入侵性一直是入侵生态学的研究热点。然而关于群落可入侵性和群落特征间关系的认知却很不统一。采用交叉互换的试验方法,首先将野外采集的两种长期不同施肥土壤(有机肥和化肥)进行灭菌并回接已方和对方的土壤悬液,研究土壤环境(历史非生物因素)和土壤微生物群落(历史生物因素)对重建土壤微生物群落特征的相对贡献。随后将用红色荧光蛋白标记的青枯菌作为外来种接入重建的土壤中,探究不同土壤微生物群落特征对外来细菌存活数量(前期入侵潜力)和存活时间(后期入侵潜力)的影响。结果表明,历史生物因素对重建土壤的原生动物数量、革兰氏阴性与阳性细菌比等群落特征和外来细菌的存活数量有影响;历史非生物因素对土壤微生物活性、细菌物种多样性和功能多样性等群落特征以及外来细菌入侵土壤后总的存活时间有影响;外来细菌入侵前期状况仅与原生动物数量、革兰氏阴性与阳性细菌比相关,而入侵后期的状况则仅与微生物活性、细菌物种多样性和功能多样性相关。总之,外来细菌在土壤中各时期的入侵潜力和土著微生物群落特征的相关性主要取决于二者是否由同种历史影响因素控制。本研究对于阐明生物群落结构与群落可入侵性之间关系,及指导土壤外来病原菌的防控均具有重要意义。