孢子丝菌复合体分子分型研究进展

孢子丝菌复合体属于双相真菌,全球分布,可引起人类及动物的慢性深部感染。不同地域的菌株在致病力、传播途径及药物敏感性等方面均存在差异。孢子丝菌病作为一种人兽共患病,其发病率逐年上升,出现多次暴发流行。分子分型不仅是明确感染源和传播途径、预防和控制疾病流行的有力手段,同时有助于了解孢子丝菌基因型与表型的相关性,在研究其致病机制以及临床诊治过程中都具有十分重要的意义。本文对孢子丝菌的分子分型方法的研究进行综述。     

HIFU治疗下生物体焦域温度分布的研究与应用

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)为无创治疗肿瘤带来了新的途径,本文对HIFU治疗下生物体焦域热分布和热传导模型的理论进行了初步的介绍,并在理论的指导下进行不同治疗剂量的实验研究,结果表明组织内具有热波传热效应,治疗时可以根据治疗剂量的需要选取不同的参数,以达到最佳治疗效果。     

干预措施对噪声污染大鼠脑组织基因表达及去甲肾上腺素水平的影响

为了探索干预措施对噪声污染大鼠脑组织基因表达水平的影响, 将50只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、噪声污染组(分为30、60、80 dB三个组)、干预组(利血平+80 dB), 每组10只动物。每天刺激1次, 每次刺激30 min, 连续刺激15 d。第16天解剖出脑组织用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测基因表达水平。结果发现, 噪声污染组大脑前额叶皮质(PFC)和海马(Hipp)组织中去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline,NA)水平比对照组分别升高了22.87%、50.35%、94.65%和 12.00%、31.76%、61.83%; 干预组NA水平比对照组分别降低了33.66%和52.06%; 去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白(noradrenaline transporter, NAt)水平比对照组分别升高了22.87%、50.35%、94.65%和12.00%、31.76%、61.83%, 干预组NAt水平比对照组分别降低了33.66%和52.06%; 脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)水平比对照组分别升高了24.87%、39.27%、67.41%和44.97%、80.81%、95.84%, 干预组BDNF水平比对照组分别升高了16.36%和14.34%, 升高程度明显低于噪声污染组; 酪氨酸激酶受体B(Tyrosine kinase B, TrkB)水平比对照组分别升高了32.64%、59.95%、82.64%和31.02%、57.31%、80.23%, 干预组TrkB水平比对照组分别升高了4.75%和10.52%, 升高程度明显低于噪声污染组。结果显示, 噪声污染使动物体内去甲肾上腺素等水平升高, 去甲肾上腺素是噪声污染引起组织器官损伤的主要因素, 脑源性神经营养因子和酪氨酸激酶受体B防止神经元受损死亡, 改善神经元的病理状态, 利血平使去甲肾上腺素耗竭, 保护组织器官免受噪声污染的损伤。     

miRNA-20a促进卵巢癌细胞OVCAR3的转移

目的检测miRNA．20a对卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR3转移能力的影响。方法通过实时定量RT-PCR验证反义寡核苷酸与小干扰RNA封闭与过表达的效果,然后利用MTF、软琼脂集落形成和transwell侵袭实验检测封闭和过表达miRNA．20a对OVCAR3细胞增殖及转移能力的影响。结果封闭内源性miRNA-20a后,细胞活性基本不受影响,但集落形成能力和细胞的转移能力明显降低。过表达miRNA-20a后,细胞活性基本不受影响,但集落形成能力和细胞的转移能力明显升高。结论miRNA-20a可能参与了卵巢癌细胞OVCAR3的转移。     

Nicotianamine,a Novel Enhancer of Rice Iron Bioavailability to Humans

Background

Polished rice is a staple food for over 50% of the world''s population, but contains little bioavailable iron (Fe) to meet human needs. Thus, biofortifying the rice grain with novel promoters or enhancers of Fe utilization would be one of the most effective strategies to prevent the high prevalence of Fe deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the developing world.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We transformed an elite rice line cultivated in Southern China with the rice nicotianamine synthase gene (OsNAS1) fused to a rice glutelin promoter. Endosperm overexpression of OsNAS1 resulted in a significant increase in nicotianamine (NA) concentrations in both unpolished and polished grain. Bioavailability of Fe from the high NA grain, as measured by ferritin synthesis in an in vitro Caco-2 cell model that simulates the human digestive system, was twice as much as that of the control line. When added at 1∶1 molar ratio to ferrous Fe in the cell system, NA was twice as effective when compared to ascorbic acid (one of the most potent known enhancers of Fe bioavailability) in promoting more ferritin synthesis.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrated that NA is a novel and effective promoter of iron utilization. Biofortifying polished rice with this compound has great potential in combating global human iron deficiency in people dependent on rice for their sustenance.     

Involvement of regulatory volume decrease in the migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

The transwell chamber migration assay and CCD digital camera imaging techniques were used to investigate the relationship between regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and cell migration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells). Both migrated and non-migrated CNE-2Z cells, when swollen by 47% hypotonic solution, exhibited RVD which was inhibited by extracellular application of chloride channel blockers adenosine 5‘-triphosphate (ATP), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and tamoxifen. However, RVD rate in migrated CNE-2Z cells was bigger than that of non-migrated cells and the sensitivity of migrated cells to NPPB and tamoxifen was higher than that of nonmigrated cells. ATP, NPPB and tamoxifen also inhibited migration of CNE-2Z cells. The inhibition of migration was positively correlated to the blockage of RVD, with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.99, suggesting a functional relationship between RVD and cell migration. We conclude that RVD is involved in cell migration and RVD may play an important role in migratory process in CNE-2Z cells.     

慢性缺氧对大鼠肺内皮素表达的影响

本文以ＡＢＣ法和原位杂交技术,观察了慢性缺氧时大鼠肺组织内内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）的表达情况,结果发现：①正常肺血管内皮细胞有少许ＥＴ－１样阳性染色物质呈现。②缺氧ＩＷ后,肺内ＥＴ－１含量增加,主要位于肺血管内皮细胞和支气管粘膜上皮细胞。③缺氧２Ｗ和３Ｗ后,ＥＴ１阳性免疫物质进一步增加,于肺泡细胞内也见到阳性染色。④缺氧１Ｗ后肺内ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ表达增加,缺氧２Ｗ和３Ｗ后,ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达进一步加强。提示缺氧可刺激肺内ＥＴ－１ｍＲＮＡ的表达,慢性缺氧时肺内ＥＴ－１持续分泌增加,这可能是缺氧性肺动脉高压发生的重要因素之一。