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941.
Bernard Lanz Lijing Xin Philippe Millet Rolf Gruetter 《Journal of neurochemistry》2014,128(1):125-139
Astrocytes have recently become a major center of interest in neurochemistry with the discoveries on their major role in brain energy metabolism. An interesting way to probe this glial contribution is given by in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy coupled with the infusion labeled glial‐specific substrate, such as acetate. In this study, we infused alpha‐chloralose anesthetized rats with [2‐13C]acetate and followed the dynamics of the fractional enrichment (FE) in the positions C4 and C3 of glutamate and glutamine with high sensitivity, using 1H‐[13C] magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 14.1T. Applying a two‐compartment mathematical model to the measured time courses yielded a glial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate (Vg) of 0.27 ± 0.02 μmol/g/min and a glutamatergic neurotransmission rate (VNT) of 0.15 ± 0.01 μmol/g/min. Glial oxidative ATP metabolism thus accounts for 38% of total oxidative metabolism measured by NMR. Pyruvate carboxylase (VPC) was 0.09 ± 0.01 μmol/g/min, corresponding to 37% of the glial glutamine synthesis rate. The glial and neuronal transmitochondrial fluxes (Vxg and Vxn) were of the same order of magnitude as the respective TCA cycle fluxes. In addition, we estimated a glial glutamate pool size of 0.6 ± 0.1 μmol/g. The effect of spectral data quality on the fluxes estimates was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulations.
942.
943.
Srinath Krishnamurthy Balakrishnan Shenbaga Moorthy Lim Xin Xiang Lim Xin Shan Kavitha Bharatham Nikhil Kumar Tulsian Ivana Mihalek Ganesh S. Anand 《Biophysical journal》2014
Cyclic 3′5′ adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent-protein kinase (PKA) signaling is a fundamental regulatory pathway for mediating cellular responses to hormonal stimuli. The pathway is activated by high-affinity association of cAMP with the regulatory subunit of PKA and signal termination is achieved upon cAMP dissociation from PKA. Although steps in the activation phase are well understood, little is known on how signal termination/resetting occurs. Due to the high affinity of cAMP to PKA (KD ∼ low nM), bound cAMP does not readily dissociate from PKA, thus begging the question of how tightly bound cAMP is released from PKA to reset its signaling state to respond to subsequent stimuli. It has been recently shown that phosphodiesterases (PDEs) can catalyze dissociation of bound cAMP and thereby play an active role in cAMP signal desensitization/termination. This is achieved through direct interactions with the regulatory subunit of PKA, thereby facilitating cAMP dissociation and hydrolysis. In this study, we have mapped direct interactions between a specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE8A) and a PKA regulatory subunit (RIα isoform) in mammalian cAMP signaling, by a combination of amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, peptide array, and computational docking. The interaction interface of the PDE8A:RIα complex, probed by peptide array and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, brings together regions spanning the phosphodiesterase active site and cAMP-binding sites of RIα. Computational docking combined with amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry provided a model for parallel dissociation of bound cAMP from the two tandem cAMP-binding domains of RIα. Active site coupling suggests a role for substrate channeling in the PDE-dependent dissociation and hydrolysis of cAMP bound to PKA. This is the first instance, to our knowledge, of PDEs directly interacting with a cAMP-receptor protein in a mammalian system, and highlights an entirely new class of binding partners for RIα. This study also highlights applications of structural mass spectrometry combined with computational docking for mapping dynamics in transient signaling protein complexes. Together, these results present a novel and critical role for phosphodiesterases in moderating local concentrations of cAMP in microdomains and signal resetting. 相似文献
944.
Zheng Ruan Yuhui Yang Yanmei Wen Yan Zhou Xiaofang Fu Sheng Ding Gang Liu Kang Yao Xin Wu Zeyuan Deng Guoyao Wu Yulong Yin 《Amino acids》2014,46(12):2681-2691
Tryptophan (TRP) is an important precursor for several neurotransmitters and metabolic regulators, which play a vital role in regulating nutrient metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tryptophan supplementation on the biochemical profiles, intestinal structure, liver structure and serum metabolome in rats. Rats received daily intragastric administration of either tryptophan at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight per day or saline (control group) for 7 days. TRP supplementation had a tendency to decrease the body weight of rats (P > 0.05). The levels of urea and CHO in serum were decreased in the TRP-supplemented group rats compared with control group rats (P < 0.05). TRP supplementation increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum compared to control group rats (P < 0.05). Metabolic effects of tryptophan supplementation include: (1) increases in the serum concentrations of lysine, glycine, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, citrulline, methionine, tyrosine, 1-methylhistidine, and albumin, and decreases in the concentrations of serum branched-chain amino acid (isoleucine, valine and leucine); (2) decreases in the serum concentrations of formate and nitrogenous products (trimethylamine, TMAO, methylamine and dimethylamine), and in the contraction of trimethylamine in feces; (3) decreases in serum levels of lipids, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, together with the elevated ratio of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate. The results indicate that tryptophan supplementation reduced the catabolism of dietary amino acids and promoted protein synthesis in rats, promoted the oxidation of fatty acid and reduced fat deposition in the body of rats. 相似文献
945.
目的寻找能调节T细胞功能的相关分子,进行与T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病相关的研究。方法从BALB/c小鼠骨髓中收集树突状细胞,免疫Wistar大鼠,进行细胞融合,建立杂交瘤细胞系。筛选得到很多株能调节T细胞功能的杂交瘤细胞系,对其中一株最能抑制T细胞增殖的杂交瘤细胞系进行了进一步的深入研究。结果显示其目标分子是CD45,同时增殖实验结果显示该抗体能显著抑制T细胞增殖反应。结论抗CD45单克隆抗体能有效抑制T细胞增殖,有望将本抗体用于T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病的相关预防及治疗中。 相似文献
946.
目的:了解F10基因在部分正常组织及肿瘤组织中的表达情况。方法:利用原位杂交和免疫组化方法对F10在部分正常组织和肿瘤组织中的mRNA和蛋白表达情况进行分析。结果:F10基因不仅在腺癌组织中表达呈阳性,在鳞癌组织中表现出较腺癌更强的强阳性,并且在正常组织中也有一定的表达。结论:F10是一个在多种组织普遍表达的细胞内蛋白,其功能可能与物质转运相关。 相似文献
947.
齐瑞兆李志伟张培瑞洪智贤余灵祥肖朝晖赵新张绍庚张克明 《现代生物医学进展》2014,14(5):888-891
目的:研究原发性肝癌患者术后两种营养支持的疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法:病例选自2010年10月至2012年11月在我院就诊治疗的90例经诊断为原发性肝癌并进行肝部分切除的患者,随机分为EN组和PN组,每组各45例,分别进行肠内和肠外营养支持治疗,观察术前及术后患者的营养状况、住院时间、肠道功能恢复时间、并发症情况及免疫功能的变化,经统计学处理,探讨两种不同营养支持疗法的临床疗效及对免疫功能的影响。结果:相对于PN组,EN组患者术后营养明显改善,胃肠道功能恢复相对较快,免疫功能明显提高,术后并发症明显减少,且P0.05。差异具有统计学意义。结论:早期EN比PN更能改善肝癌病人术后肠道功能及营养状况,降低术后并发症,提高患者的免疫功能,有利于患者术后恢复。 相似文献
948.
Factors affecting population dynamics of maternally transmitted endosymbionts in Bemisia tabaci 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
While every individual of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) harbors the primary symbiont (P-symbiont) Portiera, the infection frequencies of the six secondary symbionts (S-symbionts) including Hamiltonella, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Wolbachia, Rickettsia and Fritschea vary greatly among different populations. To characterize the factors influencing the infection dynamics of the six S-symbionts in B. tabaci, gene-specific PCR were conducted to screen for the presence of the P-symbiont Portiera and the six S-symbionts in 61 (17 B and 44 Q biotypes) field populations collected from different plant species and locations in China. All individuals of the 61 populations hosted the P-symbiont Portiera, but none of them harbored Arsenophonus and Fritschea. The presence and infection rates of Hamiltonella, Cardinium, Rickettsia, Wolbachia and their co-infections Rickettsia + Hamiltonella (RH), Rickettsia + Cardinium (RC), Hamiltonella + Cardinium (HC) and Rickettsia + Hamiltonella + Cardinium (RHC) varied significantly among the 61 field populations; and the observed variations can be explained by biotypes, sexes, host plants and geographical locations of these field populations. Taken together, at least three factors including biotype, host plant and geographical location affect the infection dynamics of S-symbionts in B. tabaci. 相似文献
949.
Background
It is important to develop novel antipsychotics that can effectively treat schizophrenia with minor side-effects. The aim of our work is to develop novel antipsychotics that act on dopamine D2 and D3, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors with low affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2C and H1 receptors, which can effectively cure positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment without the weight gain side-effect.Methodology/Principal Findings
A series of 2-substituted-5-thiopropylpiperazine (piperidine) -1,3,4-oxadiazoles derivatives have been synthesized and the target compounds were evaluated for binding affinities to D2, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. Preliminary results indicated that compounds 14, 16 and 22 exhibited high affinities to D2, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors among these compounds. Further binding tests showed that compound 22 had high affinity for D3 receptor, and low affinity for serotonin 5-HT2C and H1 receptors. In addition, compound 22 inhibited apomorphine-induced climbing behavior and MK-801-induced hyperactivity with no extrapyramidal symptoms liability in mice. Moreover, compound 22 exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.Conclusions/Significance
Compound 22 showed an atypical antipsychotic activity without liability for extrapyramidal symptoms. We anticipate compound 22 to be useful for developing a novel class of drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. 相似文献950.