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991.
P. Guitián 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2006,258(3-4):137-146
In the protogynous species H. foetidus, I investigated if investment in sexual structures and seed set shows any trend with position in the flower-opening sequence.
In four-flower inflorescences, stamen number decreased with flower position i.e. was highest for the earliest flower and lowest
for the latest flower. Ovule number was significantly higher in the latest flower. Stamen and ovule number did not covary,
indicating that there is no structural gender trade-off in this species. Seed set (i.e. percentage of ovules producing seed)
did not differ between control plants and pollen-supplemented plants and the effect of pollen supplementation did not vary
among positions. Seed set showed marginally significant differences between control plants and simulated-herbivory plants,
but the effects of this treatment varied significantly among positions. Significant among-position variation in seed set was
observed in the control plants but not the simulated-herbivory plants. Seed set of latest-opening flowers of simulated-herbivory
plants was significantly higher than that of latest-opening flowers of control plants. H. foetidus support Brunet and Charlesworth's (1995) prediction that in plants with protogynous flowers, later-opening flowers should
specialize as female flowers, at least under conditions of high resource availability. 相似文献
992.
Fernández-Acero FJ Jorge I Calvo E Vallejo I Carbú M Camafeita E Garrido C López JA Jorrin J Cantoral JM 《Archives of microbiology》2007,187(3):207-215
Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus causing disease in a substantial number of economically important crops. In an attempt to identify putative fungal virulence factors, the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) protein profile
from two B. cinerea strains differing in virulence and toxin production were compared. Protein extracts from fungal mycelium obtained by tissue
homogenization were analyzed. The mycelial 2-DE protein profile revealed the existence of qualitative and quantitative differences
between the analyzed strains. The lack of genomic data from B. cinerea required the use of peptide fragmentation data from MALDI-TOF/TOF and ESI ion trap for protein identification, resulting
in the identification of 27 protein spots. A significant number of spots were identified as malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The different expression patterns revealed by some of the identified proteins
could be ascribed to differences in virulence between strains. Our results indicate that proteomic analysis are becoming an
important tool to be used as a starting point for identifying new pathogenicity factors, therapeutic targets and for basic
research on this plant pathogen in the postgenomic era. 相似文献
993.
Dr. Ed. Formánek 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1888,38(11):381-387
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
994.
In Apis mellifera L. the venom gland (also called acid gland) is composed of secretory cells that surround a channel that opens into a reservoir devoid of musculature. This gland can present apical branching. In this study the frequency of branched venom glands in Africanized honeybee workers (A. mellifera) from eleven localities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul was recorded. The relations among the length of the main duct, the length of the duct from the reservoir to the beginning of branching, the length of the branched segment (when present) and the total length of the gland were also analyzed. The frequency of branched glands varied from 50% to 83% in the workers, indicating that this characteristic is primitive in those bees. The results of the Analysis of Discriminant Functions indicated significant differences in the morphometrical segments of the venom gland (Wilks Lambda = 0.092; F (40, 55) = 3.43; P < 0.001), and permitted a differentiation of the populations studied. Using the Mantel test we verified that there does not exist a significant correlation between the morphologic characteristics and the geographical distance between the localities evaluated (Mantel r = -0.006, P = 0.48). The high frequency of workers with large venom gland in all the apiaries considered makes viable the development of a selection program in order to obtain bees with longer venom glands, aimed at the commercial production of venom by the beekeepers of those localities of Mato Grosso do Sul. 相似文献
995.
Costa BB Corrêa R De Souza MM Pretto JB Ardenghi JV De Campos-Buzzi F Cechinel Filho V 《Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences》2007,62(3-4):201-206
This paper describes the antinociceptive effects of tetrahydrophthalimides and related compounds in mice. Twenty compounds were obtained by the reaction of cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride with appropriate amines, dehydration, and addition to the imidic double bond. They were analyzed in the writhing test at 10 mg/kg given intraperitoneally. The most active compound 2-benzyl-5-morpholin-4-yl-hexahydroisoindole-1,3-dione (19) was studied on formalin, capsaicin, glutamate and hot plate models. The antinociceptive activity demonstrated by some studied compounds is promising, and some of them were more active than acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol used as reference drugs in writhing tests in mice. Compound 19 was about 5-fold more potent than the reference drugs, being also effective by oral route and against the inflammatory response in the formalin test. The results suggest that compound 19 could be used as a model to obtain new and more potent antinociceptive agents. It exhibits an interesting antinociceptive profile, and does not interact with opioid systems. 相似文献
996.
Patients with low (inherited and acquired) catalase activities who are treated with infusion of uric acid oxidase because they are at risk of tumour lysis syndrome may experience very high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. They may suffer from methemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia which may be attributed either to deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or to other unknown circumstances. Data have not been reported from catalase deficient patients who were treated with uric acid oxidase. It may be hypothesized that their decreased blood catalase could lead to the increased concentration of hydrogen peroxide which may cause haemolysis and formation of methemoglobin. Blood catalase activity should be measured for patients at risk of tumour lysis syndrome prior to uric acid oxidase treatment. 相似文献
997.
C. Muñoz-Flores A. Astuya F.J. Roa A. Romero J. Acosta O. Sánchez J.R. Toledo 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(10):2215-2225
Background
TLR5M and TLR5S are Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), expressed in teleost fish, that recognize flagellin as a ligand, in the same way as the TLR5 ortholog in mammals. However, it has not been demonstrated whether the signalling pathway induced by these TLRs depends on MyD88 to generate a pro-inflammatory response in Salmo salar.Methods
A mathematical model was constructed using the CellDesigner software, which represented the signalling pathways of the all TLRs in S. salar. It was used to make predictions which were corroborated experimentally in Salmo salar Head Kidney Leukocytes (HKLs) treated with flagellin and a MyD88 peptide inhibitor.Results
The in silico model consisted of 135 species, 221 nodes and 279 bridges; MyD88 was one of the nodes with the highest betweenness centrality. The model simulations predicted that inhibition of MyD88 or TLR5S would cause a delay in response to stimulation with flagellin. The stimulation of HKLs with flagellin demonstrated a kinetic of relative expression of genes concordant with a positive feedback mechanism between TLR5M, MyD88 and TLR5S. Furthermore, MyD88 inhibition induced a significant decrease in the relative expression of pro-inflammatory genes downstream of the TLR5M signalling pathway.Conclusions and general significance
In S. salar, activation of TLR5M and TLR5S is dependent on MyD88 as an adaptor protein after stimulation with flagellin. A sequential mechanism of activation, amplification and attenuation of the TLR5M/flagellin signalling pathway is proposed for this species. Our mathematical model is a robust predictive tool for generating new hypotheses about TLRs in S. salar. 相似文献998.
999.
L H Faccioli A I Medeiros A Malheiro R C Pietro A Januário B B Vargaftig 《Mediators of inflammation》1998,7(1):41-47
Serum and BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) IL-8 levels and serum levels were investigated in Toxocara canis infected guinea-pigs and the role of IL-5 as a modulator of cytokine secretion was studied. Serum levels increased early in infected animals, exceeding control levels 4 h after infection, peaked between days 6 and 18, and continued to exceed control levels after 48 days of infection. Serum and BALF IL-8 levels showed the same profile as blood eosinophilia, increasing 6 days post-infection and peaking between days 18 and 24. Treatment of infected animals with anti-IL-5 Ab suppressed eosinophilia with a parallel increase in blood IL-8 levels, whereas no change was found in levels. To support our in vivo observation we carried out experiments in vitro using guinea-pig LPS-stimulated adherent peritoneal cells which release large amounts of IL-8 into the supernatants. When rIL-5 was added to LPS-stimulated cells, 65% inhibition of IL-8 release into the supernatants was observed. Pre-incubation of cells with anti-IL-5 Ab prevented the inhibition of IL-8 release into the supernatants induced by rIL-5. Our results demonstrate for the first time that TNF-alpha and IL-8 are released concomitant with or after IL-5 in the eosinophilic inflammation induced by T. canis. Moreover, in addition to showing that IL-5 is fundamental for the induction of blood eosinophilia, the present results suggest that this cytokine may play a new biological role by acting as modulator of IL-8 secretion. 相似文献
1000.
Jemnitz K Lengyel G Vereczkey L 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,291(1):29-33
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) is a critical enzyme in the elimination of bilirubin. The aim of our study was to investigate bilirubin conjugation in primary rat hepatocyte culture and the in vitro inducibility of this isoenzyme by inducing compounds of different classes: dexamethasone, clofibrate, rifampicin, and methylcholanthrene. Hepatocytes exhibited a marked decline in UGT1A1 activity in the first 4 h of culturing (10% of initial activity) and the recovery took 72 h. Immunoblot analysis proved that the loss of enzyme activity was associated with the decrease of protein concentration. Marked induction was detected in the cases of dexamethasone, clofibrate, and rifampicin treatments for 96 h both in enzyme activity (178, 176, and 168%) and in UGT1A1 protein level (362, 328, and 250%). The effects of dexamethasone and clofibrate were additive (210%). Methylcholanthrene had no influence on bilirubin conjugation in our system. 相似文献