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931.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of Acacia auriculaeformis‐associated fungi on the growth of mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa Bailey] in Cd‐ and Ni‐contaminated soils and design novel plant–fungi associations for bioremediation purpose. Methods and Results: Endophytic Trichoderma H8 and rhizosphere Aspergillus G16 were applied for rhizoremediation of Cd‐, Ni‐, and Cd–Ni combination‐contaminated soils through association with B. juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa. Compared with the noninoculated control plants, inoculation with Trichoderma H8 produced 109%, 41% and 167% more fresh weight (FW) plant yields in the Cd‐, Ni‐, and Cd–Ni‐contaminated soils, respectively (P < 0·05). Similarly, plants inoculated with Aspergillus G16 produced 109%, 47% and 44% more FW plant yields in these contaminated soils, respectively. Plants co‐inoculated with these two strains produced 118%, 100% and 178% more FW plant yields, respectively. The inoculations also increased the translocation factors and metal bioconcentration factors. Conclusions: The efficiency of phytoextraction for B. juncea (L.) Coss. var. foliosa was enhanced after inoculating with Acacia‐associated fungi. Significance and Impact of the study: The use of plant–fungi association may be a promising strategy to remediate metal‐contaminated soils. 相似文献
932.
ZAP-70, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase required for T cell antigen receptor signaling, is controlled by a regulatory segment that includes a tandem SH2 unit responsible for binding to immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). The crystal structure of autoinhibited ZAP-70 reveals that the inactive kinase domain adopts a conformation similar to that of cyclin-dependent kinases and Src kinases. The autoinhibitory mechanism of ZAP-70 is, however, distinct and involves interactions between the regulatory segment and the hinge region of the kinase domain that reduce its flexibility. Two tyrosine residues in the SH2-kinase linker that activate ZAP-70 when phosphorylated are involved in aromatic-aromatic interactions that connect the linker to the kinase domain. These interactions are inconsistent with ITAM binding, suggesting that destabilization of this autoinhibited ZAP-70 conformation is the first step in kinase activation. 相似文献
933.
Jin Wang Kai-Jing Zuo Jie Qin Lida Zhang Lan Su Junrong Liu Hua Ling Jing-Ya Zhao You-Fang Cao Ke-Xuan Tang 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(1):1-9
A novel cDNA clone encoding a COR413-like gene was isolated by suppression subtraction hybridization and cDNA library screening from sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense). This gene (designated as GbCOR413, Accession number: AY761065) has a total length of 893 bp with an open reading frame of 600 bp, encoding a predicated polypeptide
of 200 amino acids with a molecular weight of 22.74 kDa and a predicated pI of 9.2. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that this gene belonged to a novel stress-regulated multi-spanning transmembrane
protein family without signal peptide. By means of semi-quantities RT-PCR analysis, the expression of GbCOR413 under short-term cold treatment at 4°C, water submergence and abscic acid treatment was investigated. Our studies suggested
that the cloned gene was a new member of COR gene family which was slowly responsive to cold stress in cotton.
Jin Wang and Kai-Jing Zuo are co-first authors of this paper. 相似文献
934.
Yan Cao Jin Wu Tao Meng Jun Zhang Jiasong He Huiquan Li Yi Zhang 《Carbohydrate polymers》2007,69(4):665-672
Cellulose samples extracted from cornhusk have been successfully acetylated in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Without using any catalyst, cornhusk cellulose acetates (CCAs) with the degree of substitution (DS) in a range from 2.16 to 2.63 were prepared in one-step. Under the homogeneous state, the DS value of CCAs was easily controlled by the acetylation time. The obtained CCAs were characterized by means of FT-IR, 13C NMR, DSC, TGA, and a mechanical test. The NMR results showed that the distribution of the acetyl moiety among the three OH groups of the anhydroglucose unit shows a preference at the C6 position. The CCAs exhibited good solubility in some organic solvents, such as acetone and DMSO. The cast CCA films from their acetone solutions had good mechanical properties. At the end of each acetylation of cornhusk cellulose, the ionic liquid AmimCl could be effectively recovered. Therefore, this study presents a promising approach and “green process” to make use of crop by-products. 相似文献
935.
Wang Q Wang M Kong F Gilbert GL Cao B Wang L Feng L 《Journal of microbiological methods》2007,68(1):128-136
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major worldwide human pathogen. This investigation has developed a reliable and accurate DNA microarray method for inter-species differentiation of S. pneumoniae and intra-species differentiation of the 23 groups of S. pneumoniae including serotypes represented in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine and the other 20 closely related serotypes. In addition to 16S rDNA probes, serotype- or serogroup-specific probes targeting the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes, wzy or capA were generated. We adopted a two-step multiplex PCR to improve the sensitivity of detection to a level of 10(5) cfu/ml in pure culture or 50 ng DNA. A total of 169 isolates (from China, Australia, Canada and New Zealand) including 147 belonging to 23-valent vaccine and closely related serotypes of S. pneumoniae, 11 belonging to other serotypes and 11 of different species commonly isolated from respiratory tract were tested to verify the method. The DNA microarray method developed provides a sensitive means to rapidly identify the members of the most common S. pneumoniae serotypes in patients and to monitor their distribution in different patient groups and geographic locations. Such information is needed for disease surveillance and to monitor vaccine efficacy. 相似文献
936.
Fanchang Zeng Xianlong Zhang Shuangxia Jin Lei Cheng Shaoguang Liang Lisong Hu Xiaoping Guo Yichun Nie Jinglin Cao 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,90(1):63-70
We conducted a systematic assessment and comparative study on the biochemical and cellular characteristics of cultured cotton
cells during the entire process of somatic embryogenesis (SE). All staged cultures were widely investigated in this assay.
Cell and tissue ectogenesis manipulation combined with flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to cellular study during the whole
totipotency process of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. We identified two phases of chromatin decondensation during
the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. At the same time, sharp increase in the ratio of indoleacetic acid (IAA), isopentenyladenosine
group (iPAs) at the same stage of cell dedifferentiation and redifferentiation process serve as distinct biochemical maker
of dedifferentiation and SE initiation with the unique feature. Our results suggest the two phases of chromatin reorganization
associated with endogenous auxin/cytokinin dynamic activity may underlie dedifferentiation and redifferentiation during the
entire SE process in cotton. 相似文献
937.
Genotoxic effect and nitrative DNA damage in HepG2 cells exposed to aristolochic acid 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aristolochic acid (AA), extensively used as a traditional herbal medicine, was withdrawn from the market in the last century because it was found to be a potent carcinogen in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of AA and obtain further insight into whether the nitrative DNA damage can be induced by reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including nitric oxide (NO) and its derivative peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) using human hepatoma HepG2 cells. To identify the genotoxic effect, the comet assay and micronucleus test (MNT) were performed. In the comet assay, 25-200microM of AA caused a significant increase of DNA migration in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase of the frequency of micronuclei was found in the range between 12.5 and 50microM in the MNT. The results showed that AA caused DNA and chromosome damages. To elucidate the nitrative DNA damage mechanism, the level of nitrite and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which can be generated by ONOO(-), were monitored with the 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) assay and immunoperoxidase staining, respectively. The results showed that AA causes a significant increase in the levels of NO and formation of 8-OHdG at concentrations >/=50microM. This observation supports the assumption that AA could exert genotoxicity probably via NO and its derivatives at higher concentrations in HepG2 cells. 相似文献
938.
Mutations in the Type II protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT5 result in pleiotropic developmental defects in Arabidopsis 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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Human PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE5 (PRMT5) encodes a type II protein arginine (Arg) methyltransferase and its homologs in animals and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe) are known to regulate RNA processing, signal transduction, and gene expression. However, PRMT5 homologs in higher plants have not yet been reported and the biological roles of these proteins in plant development remain elusive. Here, using conventional biochemical approaches, we purified a plant histone Arg methyltransferase from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) that was nearly identical to AtPRMT5, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homolog of human PRMT5. AtPRMT5 methylated histone H4, H2A, and myelin basic protein in vitro. Western blot using symmetric dimethyl histone H4 Arg 3-specific antibody and thin-layer chromatography analysis demonstrated that AtPRMT5 is a type II enzyme. Mutations in AtPRMT5 caused pleiotropic developmental defects, including growth retardation, dark green and curled leaves, and FlOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-dependent delayed flowering. Therefore, the type II protein Arg methyltransferase AtPRMT5 is involved in promotion of vegetative growth and FLC-dependent flowering time regulation in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
939.
We constructed two recombinant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the GPD2 gene was deleted using a one-step gene replacement method to minimize formation of glycerol and improve ethanol production.
In addition, we also over-expressed the GLT1 gene by a two-step gene replacement method to overcome the redox-imbalancing problem in the genetically modified strains.
The result of anaerobic batch fermentations showed that the rate of growth and glucose consumption of the KAM-5 (MATα ura3 gpd2Δ::RPT) strain were slower than the original strain, and the KAM-13 (MATα ura3 gpd2Δ::RPT P
PGK
-GLT1) strain, however, was indistinguishable compared to the original strain using the same criteria, as analyzed. On the other
hand, when compared to the original strain, there were 32 and 38% reduction in glycerol formation for KAM-5 and KAM-13, respectively.
Ethanol production increased by 8.6% for KAM-5 and 13.4% for KAM-13. Dramatic reduction in acetate and pyruvic acid was also
observed in both mutants compared to the original strains. Although gene GPD2 is responsible for the glycerol synthesis, the mutant KAM-13, in which glycerol formation was substantially reduced, was
able to cope and maintain osmoregulation and redox balance and have increased ethanol production under anaerobic fermentations.
The result verified the proposed concept of increasing ethanol production in S. cerevisiae by genetic engineering of glycerol synthesis and over-expressing the GLT1 gene along with reconstituted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism. 相似文献
940.