Genetic Continuity of Bronze Age Ancestry with Increased Steppe-Related Ancestry in Late Iron Age Uzbekistan

Although Uzbekistan and Central Asia are known for the well-studied Bronze Age civilization of the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), the lesser-known Iron Age was also a dynamic period that resulted in increased interaction and admixture among different cultures from this region. To broaden our understanding of events that impacted the demography and population structure of this region, we generated 27 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism capture data sets of Late Iron Age individuals around the Historical Kushan time period (∼2100–1500 BP) from three sites in South Uzbekistan. Overall, Bronze Age ancestry persists into the Iron Age in Uzbekistan, with no major replacements of populations with Steppe-related ancestry. However, these individuals suggest diverse ancestries related to Iranian farmers, Anatolian farmers, and Steppe herders, with a small amount of West European Hunter Gatherer, East Asian, and South Asian Hunter Gatherer ancestry as well. Genetic affinity toward the Late Bronze Age Steppe herders and a higher Steppe-related ancestry than that found in BMAC populations suggest an increased mobility and interaction of individuals from the Northern Steppe in a Southward direction. In addition, a decrease of Iranian and an increase of Anatolian farmer-like ancestry in Uzbekistan Iron Age individuals were observed compared with the BMAC populations from Uzbekistan. Thus, despite continuity from the Bronze Age, increased admixture played a major role in the shift from the Bronze to the Iron Age in southern Uzbekistan. This mixed ancestry is also observed in other parts of the Steppe and Central Asia, suggesting more widespread admixture among local populations.     

14β-侧链紫杉醇衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

为了寻找高效低毒、抗瘤谱广、综合性能好又不依赖自然资源的新一代紫杉醇类抗癌药,以组织培养得到的紫杉烷ｓｉｎｅｎｘａｎ Ａ为最初起始原料,以中间体６为本文合成原料分别经５步和６步合成了两个新的１４β－侧链紫杉醇衍生物,并首次观察到紫杉烷的１０位羰基／９位羟基在硅胶中转变为１０位羟基／９位羰基。将目标化合物进行了抗肿瘤体外试验和微管聚合试验。结果表明,这两个化合物对ＫＢ细胞的ＩＣ５０＞１０μｇ,在浓度     

植物吸滞PM2.5研究进展——从宏观到微观

PM_2.5严重危害环境安全和人体健康,虽然国内外大气PM_2.5状况已有好转,但雾霾天气仍然时有发生。植物能有效吸附和净化大气中PM_2.5,其净化作用受到生态学广泛关注。随着研究内容的深入,该领域研究尺度由宏观尺度转向微观尺度,研究对象由植被区转向植物个体,研究方法由野外监测转向人工控制法。因此在区域尺度上对比了植被、非植被区PM_2.5浓度差异及不同树种单位叶面积PM_2.5吸滞量,以风洞、熏气法两种研究方法归纳了人工控制条件下植物净化PM_2.5的研究成果,在大气PM_2.5浓度和气象因素两方面探讨了环境因素对植物净化PM_2.5的影响机制。得出宏观研究方面很多城市缺乏植被区与非植被区PM_2.5浓度监测数据,微观方面植物个体吸滞PM_2.5机理研究不够深入,缺乏植物吸滞PM_2.5过程与机理的室内模拟外界环境的高精度对比试验,更缺乏环境因素直接影响植物吸收、分...     

气候变化与人类活动双重驱动的冷水湖泊富营养化

富营养化对水生生态系统造成的负面影响已在世界范围内广泛发生,尤其对淡水水源地湖泊的水环境质量影响深远,进而引起当地居民的饮用水安全与健康隐患。在人类活动和气候变化的双重驱动下,富营养化辐射的范围不断扩大,从过去主要集中于温带大型浅水湖泊已经扩展到寒冷地区的冷水湖泊。分析了近年来世界范围内高寒地区冷水湖泊富营养化的趋势特征与研究进展,探讨了气候变化、人类干扰(农业活动、畜牧业生产、管理措施不当等)在不同地区冷水湖泊富营养化进程中的作用。在未来的研究中,应进一步加强对冷水湖泊富营养化机制的探讨,并对已有富营养化症状的湖泊进行生态修复,以确保冷水湖泊生态系统健康并改善饮用水源地的环境质量。     

The gene PmWFJ is a new member of the complex Pm2 locus conferring unique powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding line Wanfengjian 34

Molecular Breeding - Molecular identification of wheat powdery mildew resistance (Pm) genes in breeding lines or cultivars is important for resistance breeding. Wanfengjian 34, a Chinese wheat...     

Altered Bcl-2 and Bax expression is associated with cultured first trimester human cytotrophoblasts apoptosis induced by hypoxia

Preeclampsia is associated with placental hypoxia at early gestation. We therefore investigated the effect of hypoxia on the apoptosis of cultured first trimester human cytotrophoblasts and the expression of apoptosis relevant proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. First trimester human cytotrophoblasts were isolated and cultured under either standard or hypoxic conditions. Cellular apoptosis was monitored by TUNEL and Annexin V binding, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis increased significantly in cytotrophoblasts cultured for 24 h under hypoxic conditions in contrast with those cultured under standard conditions, meanwhile expression of Bcl-2 reduced, and that of Bax increased. These changes suggested that hypoxia induced apoptosis in cultured first trimester cytotrophoblasts with altered Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Further study is needed to explore the role of cytotrophoblasts apoptosis in hypoxia-induced maternal and fetal diseases.     

Morphological and genetic study of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu from the East China Sea, and comparison with some related Prorocentrum species

In this paper, the detailed morphology of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu from both field samples and cultures was examined, and a taxonomic comparison was made between P. donghaiense and some related Prorocentrum spp. using morphological and molecular data and other published information. There were distinct differences among these species in morphological characteristics that historically have been presented as conservative features. The discrepancies extended beyond that of individual variations within the same species due to environmental factors. Therefore, these morphological features may not be conservative but, rather, polymorphic depending on environmental conditions. Based on this analysis, we suggest that the high-biomass bloom-forming species in the East China Sea, previously reported as Prorocentrum dentatum Stein, is P. donghaiense Lu. The species reported from the East China Sea and Japanese and Korean waters appear to be the same species. Molecular data also suggest that P. dentatum (CCMP1517) and P. donghaiense are genetically identical. Therefore, the geographic distribution of P. donghaiense may be much wider than expected.