Antiphonal call timing in marmosets is behaviorally significant: interactive playback experiments

Studies of primate vocal communication systems have generally focused on vocalizations and the information they convey to conspecifics. But the vocalizations are not the only sources of information. Aspects of each species vocal behaviors are likely to be communicatively rich as well. During vocal interactions, for example, the latency delay between the calls could communicate an important message to the signal receiver, such as an interest and willingness to socialize. Here we employed novel, interactive playback software to address this issue in the antiphonal calling behavior of common marmosets. In these experiments, we parametrically varied the latency delay of antiphonal call stimuli and measured its effects on subjects’ resultant vocal behavior. Results showed that marmosets produced successively fewer antiphonal call responses during test conditions with increasing latency delays. Moreover, although subjects produced significantly more antiphonal than spontaneous calls in conditions with antiphonal call timing delays up to 9 s, a longer delay resulted in a significant decline in calling. These data suggest that antiphonal call timing is a salient cue for maintaining antiphonal calling interactions and may be used by marmosets to determine whether a subsequent call is produced in response to or independently of their own.     

长春花主要农艺性状与文多灵含量的相关及通径分析

文多灵(vindoline)具有重要的药用价值.本文利用反相高效液相色谱法检测了23种国内外长春花主栽品种的文多灵含量,对文多灵含量与品种的12个主要农艺性状(包括株高、节间距、茎直径、一级侧枝数、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片长宽比、百片叶重、全株叶片重、花瓣直径、种荚长度和种子数,荚)的相关性和通径进行了分析.相关性分析表明,文多灵含量与一级侧枝数、茎直径、节间距、叶片宽、株高、全株叶片重、百片叶重、花瓣直径和叶片长呈正相关,其中与一级侧枝数和茎直径的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),与节间距的相关性接近显著水平:与叶片长宽比、种荚长度和种子数/荚呈负相关.通径分析结果表明,长春花的主要农艺性状中,节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重对文多灵含量的正影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),通径系数分别为0.959、0.716和0.431,说明节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重可以作为高含量文多灵长春花品种选育的重要参考指标.     

Nitrogen addition and rhizome severing modify clonal growth and reproductive modes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leymus</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="Italic">chinensis</Emphasis> population

The resurrection flowering plant Ramonda serbica inhabits the shallow organo-mineral soil that develops in crevices on northern-facing carbonate rocks in the gorges in the Balkan Peninsula. This type of soil represents a complex substrate whose physical and chemical properties were found to be well suited to the most important requirements for the growth and development of R. serbica as well as for the plant’s survival in the state of anhydrobiosis in periods of drought stress. Considerable amount of organic matter (39.4%) in the soil resulted in the high field capacity (134 ml/100 g soil) as well as the slow changes in the amount of its available water. The suitable soil hydric status, based on the organic remains, supports the slow dehydration of this poikilohydric plant, which is extremely important in allowing the activation of the plant’s protective mechanisms. The pH of the soil solution was slighty alkaline (7.7) mostly due to carbonates in its crystallographic structure. The large amount of incompletely decomposed organic debris resulted in a marked difference between total and available nutrient concentration in the soil. Still, the adequate content of nutrients in the leaves points to efficient mineral consumption by the plant roots. The sufficient bioavailability of nutrients and water was also improved by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza detected in R. serbica roots.     

长春花主要农艺性状与文多灵含量的相关及通径分析

文多灵(vindoline)具有重要的药用价值。本文利用反相高效液相色谱法检测了23种国内外长春花主栽品种的文多灵含量, 对文多灵含量与品种的12个主要农艺性状(包括株高、节间距、茎直径、一级侧枝数、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片长宽比、百片叶重、全株叶片重、花瓣直径、种荚长度和种子数/荚)的相关性和通径进行了分析。相关性分析表明, 文多灵含量与一级侧枝数、茎直径、节间距、叶片宽、株高、全株叶片重、百片叶重、花瓣直径和叶片长呈正相关, 其中与一级侧枝数和茎直径的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05), 与节间距的相关性接近显著水平; 与叶片长宽比、种荚长度和种子数/荚呈负相关。通径分析结果表明, 长春花的主要农艺性状中, 节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重对文多灵含量的正影响达到了显著水平(P<0.05),通径系数分别为0.959、0.716和.431, 说明节间距、一级侧枝数和全株叶片重可以作为高含量文多灵长春花品种选育的重要参考指标。     

木瓜三萜对吲哚美辛致胃黏膜损伤小鼠胃酸分泌及胃黏膜屏障的影响

观察木瓜三萜对吲哚美辛致胃黏膜损伤小鼠胃酸分泌及胃黏膜屏障的影响,在此基础上探讨其可能的机制。实验时,将小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、木瓜三萜(50、100mg/kg)和奥美拉唑(20mg/kg)组。将给药组灌胃给予相应的药物,正常组和模型组灌胃给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,给药6小时后,除正常组外,灌胃给予20mg/kg的吲哚美辛,每天一次,连续7天。末次给药次日,小鼠用水合氯醛麻醉后,固定,剪开腹腔,进行胃黏膜血流量的测定,然后取胃检测胃液量、胃液酸度和胃结合黏液量;检测胃黏膜中表皮生长因子基因(EGF)和三叶因子1基因(TFF1)的mRNA和蛋白表达。研究发现:吲哚美辛致胃黏膜损伤模型组小鼠胃液分泌量,胃液酸度、胃黏膜血流量、胃结合黏液量及胃黏膜组织中EGF和TFF1的mRNA和蛋白表达明显降低,与正常组比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.01);用木瓜三萜预处理后,上述异常的变化均得到了有效逆转,与模型组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。实验结果表明木瓜三萜(50、100mg/kg)对吲哚美辛致小鼠胃黏膜损伤具有较好的保护作用,通过上调EGF和TFF1的表达水平,增加胃液分泌量、胃液酸度、胃黏膜血流量、胃结合黏液量,恢复胃黏膜防御屏障的功能可能是其治疗吲哚美辛致胃黏膜损伤的机制之一。     

转录调节因子σ~(38)介导铜绿假单胞菌绿脓菌素合成代谢调控

【目的】为了进一步鉴定铜绿假单胞菌转录调控因子σ~(38)对2个拷贝吩嗪合成基因簇(phz A1-G1和phz A2-G2)的具体调控方式并推定介导绿脓菌素合成代谢的可能调控机制。【方法】根据铜绿假单胞菌基因组信息,利用同源重组原理构建rpo S基因缺失突变株Δrpo S以及克隆全长rpo S基因作互补分析;再以单一吩嗪基因簇缺失突变株Δphz1和Δphz2为出发菌株,分别构建rpo S缺失突变株Δrpo Sphz1和rpo S插入突变株Δrpo Sphz2,测定并比较野生株及相关突变株的绿脓菌素合成量,初步推定σ~(38)因子对2个不同吩嗪基因簇表达的调控方式。【结果】在GA培养基中,突变株Δrpo S的绿脓菌素合成量比野生株显著增加;互补分析证实,σ~(38)可使突变株Δrpo S的绿脓菌素降低并接近野生株PAO1水平;与对照株Δphz1相比,突变株Δrpo Sphz1的绿脓菌素合成量因σ~(38)因子缺失而显著减少;而与对照株Δphz2相比,突变株Δrpo Sphz2的绿脓菌素合成量因σ~(38)因子缺失显著增加。【结论】转录调控因子σ~(38)对铜绿假单胞菌绿脓菌素的合成代谢的确具一定的负调控作用;结合已报道的研究结果,初步推定:σ~(38)因子通过负调控吩嗪基因簇phz1,正调控吩嗪基因簇phz2的表达实现对绿脓菌素合成代谢的调控。     

CO2浓度升高对大豆糖代谢和脂肪代谢影响的研究

为明确大气CO2浓度升高对大豆糖代谢和脂肪代谢的影响,本研究以高油大豆品种"晋大70"为材料,利用控制气室设置CK(CO2浓度为400μmol/mol)和EC(CO2浓度为600μmol/mol)两个处理,大豆整个生育期均在控制气室内,在大豆鼓粒期利用便携式气体交换系统LI-6400测定光合参数,测定叶绿素含量、糖代谢...     

假单胞菌YZ-26来源环酰亚胺水解酶中半胱氨酸残基的反应性能

【目的】研究环酰亚胺水解酶(Imidase,CIH)中的两个半胱氨酸残基的反应性及功能。【方法】设计了3个半胱氨酸突变酶:CIH7,108、CIH7、CIH108。将天然酶以及突变酶基因分别与麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)基因在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中进行融合表达,融合蛋白经纯化后得到了电泳纯的样品。使用5,5’-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB)对天然酶CIH的巯基基团进行修饰,并分析了DTT对分子状态的影响。进一步研究了经H2O2处理后CIH及其突变酶的锌离子结合能力及分子状态。【结果】酶活测定表明CIH7,108和CIH7的活力基本丧失,而CIH108仍保持了72%的酶活性。CIH中的两个半胱氨酸残基以游离形式存在,不形成链内或链间二硫键。CIH与CIH108为四聚体结构且具有一定的锌离子结合能力,CIH7,108为多聚体,CIH7为单体及多体的混合物且都不具备锌离子结合能力,随着H2O2浓度的增加,CIH中的链内二硫键及CIH108中的链间二硫键逐渐增加。【结论】说明Cys7是结合锌离子和稳定CIH分子结构的必要残基。