江苏省2017年新报告HIV感染者治疗前耐药分析及基因亚型分布

基于大样本量的亚型及治疗前耐药分析,更准确地掌握江苏省HIV-1流行亚型,更真实地评估江苏省治疗前耐药水平并为抗病毒治疗的开展提供依据收集2017年全年全江苏省新报告感染者治疗前血样.逆转录PCR扩增HIV-1蛋白酶区(pol)基因并送测序.ChromasPro剪辑,拼接,合成序列.MEGA7做序列比对并构建进化树分析亚型.序列在线比对耐药位点.治疗前耐药分析,耐药率达16.3％.蛋白酶区(PR)主要耐药位点是L33F,占44.4％.核苷酸逆转录酶区(NRTI)主要耐药位点是M184位点变异,占35％.非核苷酸逆转录酶区(NNRTI)耐药位点主要是V179位点变异,占59.2％.CRF01_AE亚型(456,37.7％)和CRF07_BC亚型(381,31.6％)仍为江苏省主要流行亚型;不同的是复杂重组体(CPXs)和独特重组体(URFs)数量极速上升至第三位(241,19.9％).江苏省HIV-1复杂重组体大量出现,提示新人病毒或病毒交叉重组频繁,艾滋病的防制依然任重道远.在治疗前耐药比例大幅上升的情况下,治疗前耐药检测成为个体选择抗病毒治疗方案的关键.     

β-1,6葡聚糖酶前体编码基因Ss4p对甘蔗黑穗病菌分泌蛋白组的影响

甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)是世界也是中国主要的糖料作物.由甘蔗黑穗病菌(Sporisorium scitamineum)引起的甘蔗黑穗病是中国甘蔗生产上最主要的病害,每年造成重大损失.分泌蛋白在真菌侵染寄主植物与获取营养及病理过程起重要作用.本实验室在分析甘蔗黑穗病菌基因组与转录组数据时,发现1个与真菌细胞壁降解有关的β-1,6葡聚糖酶前体的基因Ssa4p.为了揭示Ssa4p对甘蔗黑穗病菌致病性和分泌蛋白组的影响,本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9和T-DNA双元载体所构建的甘蔗黑穗菌基因敲除系统,成功获得了Ssa4p基因的失活突变株.ΔSsa4p突变株(Δ35-Ssa4p)与野生型菌株JG36的配合能力降低且致病性减弱.用iTRAQ方法对Δ35-Ssa4p和野生型菌株的分泌蛋白组进行比较分析,共鉴定到蛋白质1430个,其中上调差异表达蛋白质685个,下调差异表达蛋白质745个.GO功能富集分析及KEGG分析表明,差异蛋白主要定位于无膜细胞器和核糖体,其功能包括参与核糖体、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢等生物学过程.本研究发现β-1,6葡聚糖前体影响植物病原真菌的分泌蛋白,加深了对真菌致病性调控机制的认识.     

Adult-repopulating lymphoid potential of yolk sac blood vessels is not confined to arterial endothelial cells

Science China Life Sciences - During embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are believed to be derived from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). Moreover, arterial feature is...     

Microscale grooves regulate maturation development of hPSC-CMs by the transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels)

The use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is limited in drug discovery and cardiac disease mechanism studies due to cell immaturity. Micro-scaled grooves can promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes by aligning them in order, but the mechanism of cardiomyocytes alignment has not been studied. From the level of calcium activity, gene expression and cell morphology, we verified that the W20H5 grooves can effectively promote the maturation of cardiomyocytes. The transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) also play an important role in the maturation and development of cardiomyocytes. These findings support the engineered hPSC-CMs as a powerful model to study cardiac disease mechanism and partly mimic the myocardial morphological development. The important role of the TRP channels in the maturation and development of myocardium is first revealed.     

Identification and expression analysis of lncRNA in seven organs of Rhinopithecus roxellana

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) represents a new direction to identify expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms in various organisms. Here, we report the first dataset of lncRNAs of the golden snub-nosed monkey (GSM), including 12,557 putative lncRNAs identified from seven organs. Compared with mRNA, GSM lncRNA had fewer exons and isoforms, and longer length. LncRNA showed more obvious tissue-specific expression than mRNA. However, for the top ten most abundant genes in each organ, mRNAs expression was more tissue-specific than lncRNAs. By identification of specifically expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in each organ, it indicates that the expression of SEG-lncRNA (specifically expressed lncRNA) and SEG-mRNA (specifically expressed mRNA) had high correlation. In particular, combined our lncRNA and mRNA data, we identified 92 heart SEG-lncRNAs targeted ten mRNA genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and upregulated the expression of these target genes such as ND4, ATP6, and ATP8. These may contribute to GSM adaption to its high-elevation environment. We also identified 171 liver SEG-lncRNAs, which targeted 27 genes associated with the metabolism of xenobiotics and leaded to high expression of these target genes in liver. These lncRNAs may play important roles in GSM adaptation to a folivory diet.

     

格氏栲天然林林窗植物物种多样性与系统发育多样性

林窗环境异质性导致群落物种多样性与系统发育多样性(phylogenetic diversity, PD)存在差异, 研究不同大小的林窗中群落的物种多样性与系统发育多样性有助于揭示林下生物多样性的形成及维持机制。本文以格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)天然林为研究对象, 通过Pearson相关性分析与广义线性模型探讨了林窗内物种多样性与系统发育多样性间的相互关系及其环境影响因素。结果表明: (1)大林窗(面积 > 200 m²)植物种类及多度均高于中林窗(50 m² ≤ 面积 < 100 m²)、小林窗(30 m² ≤ 面积 < 50 m²)和非林窗(面积 = 100 m²)。大林窗群落系统发育结构趋于发散, 中、小林窗和非林窗群落系统发育结构受到生境过滤和竞争排斥综合作用。(2)群落系统发育多样性指数与物种丰富度(species richness, SR)、Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均呈显著正相关, 这与林窗内稀有种种类组成多于优势种有关。(3)林窗面积对物种多样性存在显著正效应; 土壤全氮含量对系统发育多样性和系统发育结构存在显著正效应。林窗形成提高了格氏栲天然林群落物种多样性和系统发育多样性, 林窗面积与土壤全氮共同驱动了格氏栲天然林林窗物种多样性和系统发育多样性的变化。     

支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率等指标的影响

目的探讨支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率和其他指标的影响。方法选取我科收治的重症肺炎患儿126例,分为研究组及对照组,各63例。其中研究组在常规治疗基础上联合支气管镜肺泡灌洗及局部应用抗生素治疗,对照组采用常规治疗,比较2组患者的临床治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组的临床有效率为90.5%,高于对照组的76.2%(χ~2=4.629,P=0.031);治疗后研究组患者的痰液中病菌清除率为77.7%,显著高于对照组的57.2%(χ~2=6.110,P=0.013);治疗后研究组患者的相关炎性指标(高敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素-6)均较对照组显著降低(t=3.522、4.912、4.183,P=0.033、0.032、0.033);治疗后研究组患者的相关血气指标(动脉血氧分压及氧合指数)均较对照组显著升高,而二氧化碳分压较对照组显著降低(t=3.612、3.312、6.162,P=0.039、0.040、0.028)。结论 BAL联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common reason for gynecologic cancer death. Standard treatments of OC consist of surgery and chemotherapy. However, chemoresistance should be considered. Exosomal miR-21-5p has been shown to regulate the chemosensitivity of cancer cells through regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1). However, the role of miR-21-5p/PDHA1 in OC is unclear. The levels of miR-21-5p and PDHA1 in clinical samples and cells were investigated. Exosomes derived from SKOV3/cisplatin (SKOV3/DDP) cells (DDP-Exos) were isolated and used to treat SKOV3 cells to test DDP-Exos effects on SKOV3 cells. Extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate were tested with a Seahorse analyzer. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by a flow cytometer. PDHA1 was overexpressed and miR-21-5p was silenced in SKOV3 cells to study the underlying mechanism of miR-21-5p in OC. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblots were applied to measure gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. The levels of PDHA1 in DDP-resistant SKOV3 or tumor tissues were significantly decreased while the levels of miR-21-5p were remarkably upregulated. miR-21-5p in DDP-Exos was sharply increased compared to that of Exos. Data also indicated that DDP-Exos treatment suppressed the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to DDP and promoted cell viability and glycolysis of SKOV3 cells through inhibiting PDHA1 by exosomal miR-21-5p. miR-21-5p derived from DDP-resistant SKOV3 OC cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Our data highlights the important role of miR-21-5p/PDHA1 axis in OC and sheds light on new therapeutic development.